SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Information Architecture:  What is it?
Is it real? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
So, what is Information Architecture? ,[object Object],[object Object]
What are its components? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IA: The practice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
IA:Where it fits within User Experience ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Who does it? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Emergent Fields:  No one has the whole picture ©  © Louis Rosenfeld
Why Information Architecture? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Factors Context Message Audience Media Goals
Context ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Messages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Audience ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Media ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Users Information (Knowledge) Information (Data) Information Architect Use - Navigate - Search - Browse - Evaluate - Design - Implement - Structure - Tag/index - Analyze - Model - Classify - Evaluate - Create - Own - Edit - Manage - ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Disciplines Standards Technology Policies Information Architecture Model ver. 0.01  (from IA Summit in 2000)  (synthesis of ~900 terms from 250 cards) CLIENT END USER
Discussion Question (for Blackboard) How is the electronic medium different from: books/newspapers? film/TV? paintings/sculpture? What are the implications for users? for designers? for intermediaries?
Electronic medium and the ‘Information Overload.’ “ Everyone spoke of  an information overload, but what there was in fact was a non-information overload.” Richard Saul Wurman,  What-If, Could-Be  (Philadelphia, 1976)
Design Process (is very much like Systems Analysis) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Information Packages
Aggregation of Packages Screen 1 Screen 2
Smaller packages, more linkages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Packages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Packages (cont’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Use of metaphors in IA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metaphors can become tired, or carry no meaning. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Packages (cont’) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Events ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
www Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisational Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organizational Schemes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Control Mechanisms (Navigation) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Expression ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Planning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implementation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of wireframes
Examples of wireframes, cont.
Examples of wireframes, cont.
IA Bibliography Constantine, Larry L., and Lucy A.D. Lockwood.  Software for Use . Reading, Mass.:Addison Wesley, 1999. Krug, Steve.  Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability.  Indianapolis, IN: Circle.com Library, 2000. Morville, Peter.  Semantics Archive . Semantics Studio Archives. Web site. Available from  http://semanticstudios.com/publications/semantics/ Morville, Peter.  Ambient Findability . O’Reilly Media: Safari Books, 2005. Nelson, Theodor.  Computer Lib/Dream Machines , Redmond, WA: Tempus Books of Microsoft Press, 1987 Nielsen, Jakob.  Usability Engineering . San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufman, 1993. Nielsen, Jakob.  Designing Web Usability . Indianapolis, IN: New Riders, 1999.
IA Bibliography Cont’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
http://www.edwardtufte.com ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

An Introduction to seo and How it Works?
An Introduction to seo and How it Works?An Introduction to seo and How it Works?
An Introduction to seo and How it Works?
priyanka Agarwal
 
Web Search and Mining
Web Search and MiningWeb Search and Mining
Web Search and Mining
sathish sak
 
Intelligent web crawling
Intelligent web crawlingIntelligent web crawling
Intelligent web crawling
Denis Shestakov
 
Data Analytics: From Basic Skills to Executive Decision-Making
Data Analytics: From Basic Skills to Executive Decision-MakingData Analytics: From Basic Skills to Executive Decision-Making
Data Analytics: From Basic Skills to Executive Decision-Making
Training Industry Conference & Expo
 
Demand quest seo training 1 16x9 10.2018
Demand quest seo training 1 16x9 10.2018Demand quest seo training 1 16x9 10.2018
Demand quest seo training 1 16x9 10.2018
Nate Plaunt
 
Org Design for Design Orgs - The Workshop
Org Design for Design Orgs - The WorkshopOrg Design for Design Orgs - The Workshop
Org Design for Design Orgs - The Workshop
Peter Merholz
 
SEO for microbusinesses
SEO  for microbusinessesSEO  for microbusinesses
SEO for microbusinesses
Sam shetty
 
Basic seo
Basic seoBasic seo
Basic seo
Saray Chak
 
Process Oriented Architecture
Process Oriented ArchitectureProcess Oriented Architecture
Process Oriented Architecture
Alan McSweeney
 
Data-Driven Decision Making: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions
Data-Driven Decision Making: Trends, Challenges, and SolutionsData-Driven Decision Making: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions
Data-Driven Decision Making: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions
Precisely
 
So You Think You Need A Digital Strategy
So You Think You Need A Digital StrategySo You Think You Need A Digital Strategy
So You Think You Need A Digital Strategy
Alan McSweeney
 
Data analytics as a service
Data analytics as a serviceData analytics as a service
Data analytics as a service
Stanley Wang
 
TOGAF 9.2 - ADM - Preliminary Phase
TOGAF 9.2 - ADM - Preliminary PhaseTOGAF 9.2 - ADM - Preliminary Phase
TOGAF 9.2 - ADM - Preliminary Phase
ManishMeshram18
 
On Page SEO
On Page SEOOn Page SEO
On Page SEO
HasanFaizan1
 
Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) I Best Practices I NuggetHub
Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) I Best Practices I NuggetHubEnterprise Architecture Management (EAM) I Best Practices I NuggetHub
Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) I Best Practices I NuggetHub
RichardNowack
 
Introduction to Enterprise architecture and the steps to perform an Enterpris...
Introduction to Enterprise architecture and the steps to perform an Enterpris...Introduction to Enterprise architecture and the steps to perform an Enterpris...
Introduction to Enterprise architecture and the steps to perform an Enterpris...
Prashanth Panduranga
 
Web Development
Web DevelopmentWeb Development
Web Development
SabahtHussein
 
Web Site Design Principles
Web Site Design PrinciplesWeb Site Design Principles
Web Site Design Principles
Mukesh Tekwani
 
What is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAF
What is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAFWhat is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAF
What is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAF
xavblai
 
TOGAF ADM cycle
TOGAF ADM cycleTOGAF ADM cycle

What's hot (20)

An Introduction to seo and How it Works?
An Introduction to seo and How it Works?An Introduction to seo and How it Works?
An Introduction to seo and How it Works?
 
Web Search and Mining
Web Search and MiningWeb Search and Mining
Web Search and Mining
 
Intelligent web crawling
Intelligent web crawlingIntelligent web crawling
Intelligent web crawling
 
Data Analytics: From Basic Skills to Executive Decision-Making
Data Analytics: From Basic Skills to Executive Decision-MakingData Analytics: From Basic Skills to Executive Decision-Making
Data Analytics: From Basic Skills to Executive Decision-Making
 
Demand quest seo training 1 16x9 10.2018
Demand quest seo training 1 16x9 10.2018Demand quest seo training 1 16x9 10.2018
Demand quest seo training 1 16x9 10.2018
 
Org Design for Design Orgs - The Workshop
Org Design for Design Orgs - The WorkshopOrg Design for Design Orgs - The Workshop
Org Design for Design Orgs - The Workshop
 
SEO for microbusinesses
SEO  for microbusinessesSEO  for microbusinesses
SEO for microbusinesses
 
Basic seo
Basic seoBasic seo
Basic seo
 
Process Oriented Architecture
Process Oriented ArchitectureProcess Oriented Architecture
Process Oriented Architecture
 
Data-Driven Decision Making: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions
Data-Driven Decision Making: Trends, Challenges, and SolutionsData-Driven Decision Making: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions
Data-Driven Decision Making: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions
 
So You Think You Need A Digital Strategy
So You Think You Need A Digital StrategySo You Think You Need A Digital Strategy
So You Think You Need A Digital Strategy
 
Data analytics as a service
Data analytics as a serviceData analytics as a service
Data analytics as a service
 
TOGAF 9.2 - ADM - Preliminary Phase
TOGAF 9.2 - ADM - Preliminary PhaseTOGAF 9.2 - ADM - Preliminary Phase
TOGAF 9.2 - ADM - Preliminary Phase
 
On Page SEO
On Page SEOOn Page SEO
On Page SEO
 
Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) I Best Practices I NuggetHub
Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) I Best Practices I NuggetHubEnterprise Architecture Management (EAM) I Best Practices I NuggetHub
Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) I Best Practices I NuggetHub
 
Introduction to Enterprise architecture and the steps to perform an Enterpris...
Introduction to Enterprise architecture and the steps to perform an Enterpris...Introduction to Enterprise architecture and the steps to perform an Enterpris...
Introduction to Enterprise architecture and the steps to perform an Enterpris...
 
Web Development
Web DevelopmentWeb Development
Web Development
 
Web Site Design Principles
Web Site Design PrinciplesWeb Site Design Principles
Web Site Design Principles
 
What is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAF
What is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAFWhat is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAF
What is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAF
 
TOGAF ADM cycle
TOGAF ADM cycleTOGAF ADM cycle
TOGAF ADM cycle
 

Viewers also liked

Introduction to HTML
Introduction to HTMLIntroduction to HTML
Introduction to HTML
MayaLisa
 
HTML CSS Basics
HTML CSS BasicsHTML CSS Basics
HTML CSS Basics
Mai Moustafa
 
Html / CSS Presentation
Html / CSS PresentationHtml / CSS Presentation
Html / CSS Presentation
Shawn Calvert
 
SARBJIT BAHGA: Architecture, Work Ethic, Philosophy, and Methodology
SARBJIT BAHGA: Architecture, Work Ethic, Philosophy, and MethodologySARBJIT BAHGA: Architecture, Work Ethic, Philosophy, and Methodology
SARBJIT BAHGA: Architecture, Work Ethic, Philosophy, and Methodology
Sarbjit Bahga
 
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution
The Scientific RevolutionJohn Lynch
 
Was There A Darwinian Revolution
Was There A Darwinian RevolutionWas There A Darwinian Revolution
Was There A Darwinian Revolution
John Lynch
 
Google at a glance 1998 - 2008
Google at a glance 1998 - 2008Google at a glance 1998 - 2008
Google at a glance 1998 - 2008
Andreas Jaffke
 
Why Ben Stein Is Wrong About History & Science
Why Ben Stein Is Wrong About History & ScienceWhy Ben Stein Is Wrong About History & Science
Why Ben Stein Is Wrong About History & Science
John Lynch
 
The Chemical Revolution
The Chemical RevolutionThe Chemical Revolution
The Chemical RevolutionJohn Lynch
 
Tri Merge Sorting Algorithm
Tri Merge Sorting AlgorithmTri Merge Sorting Algorithm
Tri Merge Sorting Algorithm
Ashim Sikder
 
Algorithms - Aaron Bloomfield
Algorithms - Aaron BloomfieldAlgorithms - Aaron Bloomfield
Algorithms - Aaron Bloomfield
Reggie Niccolo Santos
 
Sorting algorithms
Sorting algorithmsSorting algorithms
Sorting algorithms
Edward Blurock
 
sPen Data Management
sPen Data ManagementsPen Data Management
sPen Data Management
Uladzimir Slabin
 
History of Creationism, Parts II & III
History of Creationism, Parts II & IIIHistory of Creationism, Parts II & III
History of Creationism, Parts II & IIIJohn Lynch
 
Introduction to Information Technology ch 02_a
Introduction to Information Technology ch 02_aIntroduction to Information Technology ch 02_a
Introduction to Information Technology ch 02_a
Shahi Raz Akhtar
 
Introduction to Information Technology ch 01_b
Introduction to Information Technology ch 01_bIntroduction to Information Technology ch 01_b
Introduction to Information Technology ch 01_b
Shahi Raz Akhtar
 
simple-sorting algorithms
simple-sorting algorithmssimple-sorting algorithms
simple-sorting algorithms
Ravirajsinh Chauhan
 
One Long Argument
One Long ArgumentOne Long Argument
One Long ArgumentJohn Lynch
 
Google Algorithm Change History - 2k14-2k16.
Google Algorithm Change History - 2k14-2k16.Google Algorithm Change History - 2k14-2k16.
Google Algorithm Change History - 2k14-2k16.
Saba SEO
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Introduction to HTML
Introduction to HTMLIntroduction to HTML
Introduction to HTML
 
HTML CSS Basics
HTML CSS BasicsHTML CSS Basics
HTML CSS Basics
 
Html / CSS Presentation
Html / CSS PresentationHtml / CSS Presentation
Html / CSS Presentation
 
SARBJIT BAHGA: Architecture, Work Ethic, Philosophy, and Methodology
SARBJIT BAHGA: Architecture, Work Ethic, Philosophy, and MethodologySARBJIT BAHGA: Architecture, Work Ethic, Philosophy, and Methodology
SARBJIT BAHGA: Architecture, Work Ethic, Philosophy, and Methodology
 
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution
 
Was There A Darwinian Revolution
Was There A Darwinian RevolutionWas There A Darwinian Revolution
Was There A Darwinian Revolution
 
Google at a glance 1998 - 2008
Google at a glance 1998 - 2008Google at a glance 1998 - 2008
Google at a glance 1998 - 2008
 
Why Ben Stein Is Wrong About History & Science
Why Ben Stein Is Wrong About History & ScienceWhy Ben Stein Is Wrong About History & Science
Why Ben Stein Is Wrong About History & Science
 
The Chemical Revolution
The Chemical RevolutionThe Chemical Revolution
The Chemical Revolution
 
Tri Merge Sorting Algorithm
Tri Merge Sorting AlgorithmTri Merge Sorting Algorithm
Tri Merge Sorting Algorithm
 
Algorithms - Aaron Bloomfield
Algorithms - Aaron BloomfieldAlgorithms - Aaron Bloomfield
Algorithms - Aaron Bloomfield
 
Sorting algorithms
Sorting algorithmsSorting algorithms
Sorting algorithms
 
sPen Data Management
sPen Data ManagementsPen Data Management
sPen Data Management
 
History of Creationism, Parts II & III
History of Creationism, Parts II & IIIHistory of Creationism, Parts II & III
History of Creationism, Parts II & III
 
Introduction to Information Technology ch 02_a
Introduction to Information Technology ch 02_aIntroduction to Information Technology ch 02_a
Introduction to Information Technology ch 02_a
 
Introduction to Information Technology ch 01_b
Introduction to Information Technology ch 01_bIntroduction to Information Technology ch 01_b
Introduction to Information Technology ch 01_b
 
simple-sorting algorithms
simple-sorting algorithmssimple-sorting algorithms
simple-sorting algorithms
 
One Long Argument
One Long ArgumentOne Long Argument
One Long Argument
 
Google
GoogleGoogle
Google
 
Google Algorithm Change History - 2k14-2k16.
Google Algorithm Change History - 2k14-2k16.Google Algorithm Change History - 2k14-2k16.
Google Algorithm Change History - 2k14-2k16.
 

Similar to Information Architecture and User-friendly design

Information Architecture Intro
Information Architecture IntroInformation Architecture Intro
Information Architecture Introhapy
 
Intelligentcontent2009
Intelligentcontent2009Intelligentcontent2009
Intelligentcontent2009
Salim Ismail
 
Metadata and Taxonomies for More Flexible Information Architecture
Metadata and Taxonomies for More Flexible Information Architecture Metadata and Taxonomies for More Flexible Information Architecture
Metadata and Taxonomies for More Flexible Information Architecture
jrhowe
 
Information Architecture: Get Your Blue Prints in Order
Information Architecture: Get Your Blue Prints in OrderInformation Architecture: Get Your Blue Prints in Order
Information Architecture: Get Your Blue Prints in Order
BusinessOnline
 
Applying information architecture to university web sites
Applying information architecture to university web sitesApplying information architecture to university web sites
Applying information architecture to university web sites
Keith Instone
 
Web Mining
Web MiningWeb Mining
Web Mining
Shobha Rani
 
Intro to IA/IxD/UXD in the agency world
Intro to IA/IxD/UXD in the agency worldIntro to IA/IxD/UXD in the agency world
Intro to IA/IxD/UXD in the agency world
Karri Ojanen
 
Demystifying Information Architecture
Demystifying Information ArchitectureDemystifying Information Architecture
Demystifying Information Architecture
Patrick Kennedy
 
What is IA?
What is IA?What is IA?
What is IA?
Rik Williams
 
My presentation at Kent State IAKM
My presentation at Kent State IAKMMy presentation at Kent State IAKM
My presentation at Kent State IAKM
Keith Instone
 
Instructional Design for the Semantic Web
Instructional Design for the Semantic WebInstructional Design for the Semantic Web
Instructional Design for the Semantic Web
guest649a93
 
Search Analytics: Powerful diagnostics for your site
Search Analytics:  Powerful diagnostics for your siteSearch Analytics:  Powerful diagnostics for your site
Search Analytics: Powerful diagnostics for your site
Louis Rosenfeld
 
2008 web-managers-hwilfert-final
2008 web-managers-hwilfert-final2008 web-managers-hwilfert-final
2008 web-managers-hwilfert-final
Hallie Wilfert
 
Riding The Semantic Wave
Riding The Semantic WaveRiding The Semantic Wave
Riding The Semantic WaveKaniska Mandal
 
DM110 - Week 10 - Semantic Web / Web 3.0
DM110 - Week 10 - Semantic Web / Web 3.0DM110 - Week 10 - Semantic Web / Web 3.0
DM110 - Week 10 - Semantic Web / Web 3.0
John Breslin
 

Similar to Information Architecture and User-friendly design (20)

Information Architecture Intro
Information Architecture IntroInformation Architecture Intro
Information Architecture Intro
 
Euro IA Closing keynote
Euro IA Closing keynoteEuro IA Closing keynote
Euro IA Closing keynote
 
Intelligentcontent2009
Intelligentcontent2009Intelligentcontent2009
Intelligentcontent2009
 
Metadata and Taxonomies for More Flexible Information Architecture
Metadata and Taxonomies for More Flexible Information Architecture Metadata and Taxonomies for More Flexible Information Architecture
Metadata and Taxonomies for More Flexible Information Architecture
 
Intro To Ia
Intro To IaIntro To Ia
Intro To Ia
 
Information Architecture: Get Your Blue Prints in Order
Information Architecture: Get Your Blue Prints in OrderInformation Architecture: Get Your Blue Prints in Order
Information Architecture: Get Your Blue Prints in Order
 
IApart1
IApart1IApart1
IApart1
 
Applying information architecture to university web sites
Applying information architecture to university web sitesApplying information architecture to university web sites
Applying information architecture to university web sites
 
Web Mining
Web MiningWeb Mining
Web Mining
 
Intro to IA/IxD/UXD in the agency world
Intro to IA/IxD/UXD in the agency worldIntro to IA/IxD/UXD in the agency world
Intro to IA/IxD/UXD in the agency world
 
Gic2011 aula10-ingles
Gic2011 aula10-inglesGic2011 aula10-ingles
Gic2011 aula10-ingles
 
Demystifying Information Architecture
Demystifying Information ArchitectureDemystifying Information Architecture
Demystifying Information Architecture
 
What is IA?
What is IA?What is IA?
What is IA?
 
My presentation at Kent State IAKM
My presentation at Kent State IAKMMy presentation at Kent State IAKM
My presentation at Kent State IAKM
 
Instructional Design for the Semantic Web
Instructional Design for the Semantic WebInstructional Design for the Semantic Web
Instructional Design for the Semantic Web
 
Search Analytics: Powerful diagnostics for your site
Search Analytics:  Powerful diagnostics for your siteSearch Analytics:  Powerful diagnostics for your site
Search Analytics: Powerful diagnostics for your site
 
Gic2011 aula0-ingles
Gic2011 aula0-inglesGic2011 aula0-ingles
Gic2011 aula0-ingles
 
2008 web-managers-hwilfert-final
2008 web-managers-hwilfert-final2008 web-managers-hwilfert-final
2008 web-managers-hwilfert-final
 
Riding The Semantic Wave
Riding The Semantic WaveRiding The Semantic Wave
Riding The Semantic Wave
 
DM110 - Week 10 - Semantic Web / Web 3.0
DM110 - Week 10 - Semantic Web / Web 3.0DM110 - Week 10 - Semantic Web / Web 3.0
DM110 - Week 10 - Semantic Web / Web 3.0
 

Information Architecture and User-friendly design

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.  
  • 7.
  • 8.  
  • 9.
  • 10.  
  • 11. Emergent Fields: No one has the whole picture © © Louis Rosenfeld
  • 12.
  • 13. Factors Context Message Audience Media Goals
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Discussion Question (for Blackboard) How is the electronic medium different from: books/newspapers? film/TV? paintings/sculpture? What are the implications for users? for designers? for intermediaries?
  • 21. Electronic medium and the ‘Information Overload.’ “ Everyone spoke of an information overload, but what there was in fact was a non-information overload.” Richard Saul Wurman, What-If, Could-Be (Philadelphia, 1976)
  • 22.
  • 24. Aggregation of Packages Screen 1 Screen 2
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 42. IA Bibliography Constantine, Larry L., and Lucy A.D. Lockwood. Software for Use . Reading, Mass.:Addison Wesley, 1999. Krug, Steve. Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability. Indianapolis, IN: Circle.com Library, 2000. Morville, Peter. Semantics Archive . Semantics Studio Archives. Web site. Available from http://semanticstudios.com/publications/semantics/ Morville, Peter. Ambient Findability . O’Reilly Media: Safari Books, 2005. Nelson, Theodor. Computer Lib/Dream Machines , Redmond, WA: Tempus Books of Microsoft Press, 1987 Nielsen, Jakob. Usability Engineering . San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufman, 1993. Nielsen, Jakob. Designing Web Usability . Indianapolis, IN: New Riders, 1999.
  • 43.
  • 44.