The document discusses the emergence of the semantic web, which aims to make data on the web more interconnected and machine-readable. It describes Tim Berners-Lee's vision of a "Giant Global Graph" that connects all web documents based on what they are about rather than just linking documents. This would allow user data and profiles to be seamlessly shared across different sites without having to re-enter the same information. The semantic web uses standards like RDF, RDFS and OWL to represent relationships between data in a graph structure and enable automated reasoning. Several companies are working to build applications that take advantage of this interconnected semantic data.

1. Riding Semantec Wave
Hi Folks! Are you all enjoying net-surfing ?
Oh man! Don't ask me! I am sick of repeating my personal profile every time I
register in any social site! Why can't it be tagged and semantic data be shared with all
other sites ?
Well its already happening .. lets go for a ride on the semantic wave (Web) !
First get blessed by the God of Internet (Tim berners Lee)
" So the Net and the Web may both be shaped as something mathematicians
call a Graph, but they are at different levels. The Net links computers, the
Web links documents. Now, people are making another mental move. There
is realization now, "It's not the documents, it is the things they are about
which are important"......
Biologists are interested in proteins, drugs, genes. Businesspeople are
interested in customers, products, sales. We are all interested in friends,
family, colleagues, and acquaintances. There is a lot of blogging about the
strain, and total frustration that, while you have a set of friends, the Web is
providing you with separate documents about your friends. One in
facebook, one on linkedin, one in livejournal, one on advogato, and so on.
The frustration that, when you join a photo site or a movie site or a travel
site, you name it, you have to tell it who your friends are all over again.
The separate Web sites, separate documents, are in fact about the same
thing -- but the system doesn't know it." -- revolutionary idea of Giant
Global Graph (GGG) (http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/215 )
This is how Tim in his inimitably simple language attempts to shape the fate of
the Internet (his brain child) !
So what all we need is a social graph reusing the same source of user data and
maintaining relationships between user documents intelligently. This global graph is
also referred as Semantic Web elevating the user experience one level up from Net
and Web to GGG (Web 3.0).
In a nutshell, it is not about revealing one's secure data to another rather allowing the
user be connected to the data from peer sites (routing the nodes social graph) .
The graph is expressed in FOAF format. FOAF metadata can be interpreted by any
other device/application which is part of the graph (Photo-sharing, travel sites, )
A public RDF URI of the FOAF document is exported for sharing across interested
parties.

2. Gone are the days of the XML parser and DOM tree! Semantic Web evolving around
RDF parser creating RDF graph in memory.
references :
FOAF and OpenID: two great tastes that taste great together by Dan Connolly
Whitelisting blog post by Sean B. Palmer
Tim pointed the tip of the iceberg .. to a new horizon of internet ... opened the
floodgate of plethora of possibilities for SEMANTIC WEB !
Well technically speaking Web 3.0 = Web 2.0 + Semantic Web
The software metadata build on the existing value provided by social networks,
folksonomies, and collaborative filtering that are already on the Web.
Read the story of Radar Network (next big thing after GOOGLE) by its creator
fascinating - Nova Spivak
Consider this scenario: Say you want to arrange a dinner at an upcoming
conference. Today you might go through your address book and ping folks
by e-mail to see who's attending. Then you probably send out e-mail
invitations to dinner. You go back and forth with the group on the place and
time, somehow you all agree, and then somebody makes a reservation.
Files fly back and forth, with humans at the center.
In the semantic Web, your software agent will "know" in advance what's
involved in arranging a dinner. Instead of you sending out a flurry of e-
mails, the agent could cull the conference attendees and make a list of
potential invitees.
It might also look through your address book to see which of your friends
live in the city where the conference is being held. Once a list of potential
dinner guests has been approved by you, the agent would negotiate the date
and time with everyone else's agents via a calendar database, pick a
restaurant from another database based on availability and your personal
preferences, make the reservation, and send out directions. In a GPS-
enabled world, it could even let you know how far a guest who is running
late has to go.
There are many semantic magicians ! Radar, Garlik, Metaweb Technologies,
Powerset, and ZoomInfo - just to name a few !
Theories fast translating into practices in Semantic Web space ! Semantic Tech aims
at encapsulating business domain knowledge used by many applications. This means
that Semantic applications are thin because they work with “smart” data. All the
business rules
logic is held in the models shared across applications.

3. A Semantic Web application is based on an architecture of various layers :
data capture and analysis, data merging, semantic modeling, display and
deployment each step following the standards of knwledge model (RDF, RDFS,
OWL, SWRL, and SPARQL)
Semantic models represent knowledge about the world in which the system operates.
A semantic application uses knowledge models in its operation. Using the models
intelligently or "reasoning over the model"encompasses a very simple process of
graph search to intricate inferencing over the model.
Lets understand the semantic buzzwords :
** Taxonomies are hierarchies that establish “parent-child” relationship
between its concepts.
** Simple ontologies are just networks of connections; richer ontologies
include rules and constraints governing these connections.
** Knowledge Models are different from Object Models :
** The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a foundation for
representing and processing metadata; it provides interoperability between
applications that exchange machine readable information on the Web. RDF
integrates a variety of applications from library catalogs and world-wide
directories to syndication and aggregation of news, software, and content to
personal collections of music, photos, and events using XML as
interchange syntax.
** Web Ontology Language along with Resource Description Framework
defines the Semantic Web.
** Social Neworking (who knows who) evolved into Semantic
Network (who knows
what). The idea is to build reasoning on a task - Taskonomy.
** The intelligent agent assembles the recommendations and reasoning
references
against the task/topic and presents to the users
> pull the artefacts associated with tags
> find similar questions - case based reasoning (who are all the ppl solved
the same
problem)
> adds the new user as the context for the topic
** Semantic Graph containing nodes connecting human and resources
(author +
document). It is a directed graph consisting of vertices, which represent
concepts,
and edges, which represent semantic relations between the concepts.
** A dictionary of words labeled with semantic classes so associations can
be drawn between words that have not previously been encountered while
building a knowledge base.

4. So what are the semantic possibilities ?
reference : Ontology Modelling White Paper (TopQuadrant)
(1) Navigational Search
The idea is to use topical directories, or taxonomies, to help people narrow
in on the general
neighborhood of the information they seek.
A Taxonomy includes user profiles, user goals and typical tasks performed
is used to drive a
search engine. Multiple interrelated taxonomies are used to optimize
information accessed by different stakeholders. Taxonomies and ontologies
are used to suggest related subjects.
(2) Automated Content Tagger
semantic tags can be generated to make a document be "well known" by
external systems so that search, integratation or invocation of other
applications becomes more effective.
Tags are automatically inserted based on the computer analysis of the
information, typically
using natural language analysis techniques. A predefined taxonomy or
ontology of terms
and concepts is used to drive the analysis.
(3) Topic-based Search
To provide precise and concept-aware or task-oriented search capabilities
specific to an area of
interest using knowledge representations across multiple knowledge
sources both
structured and un-structured.
Knowledge model provides a way to map translation of queries to
knowledge resources.
(4) Context-Aware Retriever
To retrieve knowledge from one or more systems that is highly relevant to
an immediate context, through an action taken within a specific setting --
typically in a user interface. A user no longer needs to leave the application
they are in to find the right information.
Knowledge model is used to represent context. This “profile” is then used
to constrain a concept-based search.
(5) Expert Locator
To provide users with convenient access to experts in a given area who can
help with problems, answer questions, locate and interpret specific
documents, and collaborate on specific tasks. Knowing who is an expert in
what can be difficult in an organization with a large workforce of experts.
Expert Locator could also identify experts across organizational barriers.

5. The profiles of experts are expressed in a knowledge model. This can then
be used to match concepts in queries to locate experts.
(6) Navigational Search
Use topical directories, or taxonomies, to help people narrow in on the
general neighborhood of the information they seek.
These are just few mind blogging techniques !
Lets now see how the guru of intelligent machines materializing the dream of
UNIFIED WORLD DATABASE ! Here is the real Web 3.0 machine !
reference : Newyork Times
The idea of a centralized database storing all of the world’s digital
information is a fundamental shift away from today’s World Wide Web,
which is akin to a library of linked digital documents stored separately on
millions of computers where search engines serve as the equivalent of a
card catalog.... information is structured in such a way so that software
programs can discern relationships and even meaning.
For example, an entry for California’s governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger,
would be entered as a semantic TOPIC that would have various attributes
or semantic VIEWS describing him as an actor, politician and athlete —
listing them in a meanigful structured way in the database
I searched 'Unicorn' and freebase organized the info in the most meaningful
manner!
reference : Tim Oreilly
Once we really understand a bit about underlying methodology of METAWEB we
can realize how amazing it is !
Metaweb first swallows the contents of the web's freely accessible
databases, including much of wikipedia, and song tracks
from musicbrainz etc... using its high-power AI brain...
It then turns its users loose on not just adding more data items but making
connections between them by filling out meta tags that categorize or

6. otherwise connect the data items, using a typology that can be extended by
users, wiki-style.
Well now how'bout building the family tree of the whole world ! Sounds crazy ? Why
not just get started @Geni . (http://www.geni.com/)
Happy riding the Semantic Wave !