Types of clauses
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The document discusses different types of sentences: simple sentences containing one clause, compound sentences containing two independent clauses joined with coordinating conjunctions, semicolons, or transitional words, and complex sentences containing one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. It provides examples of each type. The document also discusses noun clauses, which can function as subjects, direct or indirect objects, objects of prepositions, or subject complements within sentences. It provides examples of noun clauses filling each of these roles.
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The document discusses the differences between gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that can be used as nouns or after certain verbs and prepositions. Infinitives are the base verb form preceded by "to" and can be used after verbs to indicate future action or purpose. Some verbs can take either gerunds or infinitives with no change in meaning, while others require a specific form.
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This document provides rules and examples for identifying subjects and verbs in sentences. It begins with definitions of verbs and subjects, and provides 15 rules for determining the subject and verb in different situations. Examples are given for each rule to illustrate how to apply it. The document also covers pronouns, subject-verb agreement, who vs. whom, whoever vs. whomever, that vs. which, adjectives, and adverbs. Overall, it serves as a grammar guide for correctly identifying subjects and verbs in sentences.
Grammar 3 gerunds and infinitives- i co-2011.
Gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that can function as nouns, verbs, or adjectives. Infinitives are the base form of verbs preceded by "to". Gerunds are used after certain verbs and prepositions, while infinitives are used after other verbs to describe future events or purposes. Some verbs can take either a gerund or infinitive with no difference in meaning, while others have different meanings depending on which form is used.
Class 2
This document provides instruction on four types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. It defines each sentence type and provides examples. Key points include:
- Simple sentences contain one independent clause.
- Compound sentences contain two or more independent clauses joined with coordinating conjunctions or semicolons.
- Complex sentences contain one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
- Compound-complex sentences contain two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
CONJUNCTIONS Quarter 1 Module 4 English 8
This document provides information about different types of conjunctions including coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and interjections. It defines what conjunctions are and explains that they are used to join words, phrases, and sentences. It lists the seven coordinating conjunctions and gives examples of how each one is used. It also discusses subordinating conjunctions and lists the main categories including comparison, concession, condition, manner, place, reason, and time. Examples of correlative conjunctions and how to punctuate interjections are also covered.
Grammar
This document provides guidance on grammar and writing conventions including verb tense, passive voice, semicolons, commas, colons, quotation marks, parallel structure, sentence combining, diction, confusing words, prepositions, and editing. Key points covered include using simple past tense, avoiding unnecessary passive voice, proper uses of semicolons and colons, integrating quotation marks correctly, maintaining parallel structure, varying sentence types, choosing precise diction, distinguishing between similar words, and using prepositions appropriately. The document emphasizes revising one's own writing to identify errors.
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Types of clauses
- 2. 1. Simple: It has a verb and predicate. Example: I love playing badminton. 2. Compound: It consists of two independent/principle clauses, which are connected in three ways: a. Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) i.e. For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So For example: Sarah enjoys watching cartoons. Hamdaan loves hanging out. Sarah enjoys watching cartoons, but Hamdaan loves hanging out.
- 3. b. Semicolon (;) For example: I study at the college. there are many things to learn and enjoy there. I study at the college; there are many things to learn and enjoy there. c. Transitional words (For example: however, moreover, furthermore, in addition, first, second, in conclusion, consequently, etc.) For example: I love traveling in India. I hate busy roads. I love traveling in India; however, I hate busy roads.
- 4. Above all Earlier In summary Similarly Accordingly Especially In the first place Singularly After Finally In the meantime So then Afterward For example In this case Soon Also For instance Incidentally Subsequently As a result For the most part Including Such as As a result of Furthermore Lastly There As a rule Generally Later Thereby As an example Hence Likewise Therefore Before Here Namely Thus Besides However Next To begin with Beyond In addition to Opposite To summarize By the way In brief Ordinarily To the left/right Compared to In comparison to Otherwise Together with Consequently In conclusion Over there Under Conversely In particular Particularly Usually Coupled with In short Regularly Wherefore
- 5. Complex Sentence: Consists of one independent/coordinate clause and at least one dependent/subordinate clause. For example: I want to go to the restaurant. I am getting hungry. I want to go to the restaurant because I am hungry. Or Because I am hungry, I want to go to the restaurant. (Put a comma after the dependent clause)
- 6. 1. Noun Clause 2. Relative Clause 3. Adverbial Clause
- 7. 1. Subject Noun clauses can function as subjects of sentences. For example: Why my pet turtle stares at me all day is beyond me. What Alicia said made her friends cry. What Megan wrote surprised her family. How the boy behaved was not very polite 2. Direct Object Noun clauses can also function as direct objects of the verb in the independent clause. For example: When my dog goes to doggy day care, I do not know what he does, but he always has the best time. The pharmacist checked that the prescription was correct. He didn't know why the stove wasn't working.
- 8. 3. Noun clauses can also act as indirect objects of the verb in the independent clause. For example: She chose to photograph whomever was willing to pose for her. What Alicia said made her friends cry. What Megan wrote surprised her family. How the boy behaved was not very polite. 4. Object of the Preposition Other times, noun clauses can act as the object of a preposition in the independent clause. For example: I like to keep a schedule of when I have upcoming appointments. Harry is not the best provider of what Margie needs. Josephine is not responsible for what Alex decided to do. Allie’s research report is about how Marie Curie discovered radium.
- 9. 5. Subject Complement Lastly, noun clauses can act as subject complements, or nouns that follow linking verbs. For example: Actors can become whomever they want to be on the stage. Nazia's problem was that she didn't practice enough. Shehnaz's crowning achievement at school was when he became class president. Neha's excuse for being late was that she forgot to set her alarm.
- 11. Thank you