The document discusses layers of the sun and solar events. It explains that the sun has a photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. The photosphere is the visible surface with sunspots. The chromosphere has solar prominences and flares. The corona surrounds the chromosphere and extends into space. Solar magnetism and coronal holes cause solar winds. The document also discusses measuring distances to stars using parallax as the apparent shift in a star's position from different points in Earth's orbit.

1. 8 th Grade Chapter 1 Lesson 3 Pgs. 22-26 For Student Use Only

2. Stars Our SUN is a star and is very important to us! Our Sun is the center of our Solar System . Solar system- the sun and all bodies that orbit it. We have a moon, asteroid belt, and now 10 planets.

3. Stars Sun: The sun is an average sized star that provides all the heat, light, and energy we need. Make Up of Sun: Hydrogen and Helium gases Other gases High Temperatures

4. Stars Layers of the Sun/Solar Events Photosphere- visible part of the sun Surface of sun is seething, bubbling (bubble=granule), boiling layer of gas Sunspots- found on surface of the sun and are cooler, darker areas. Spicules- flame like columns of gas

5. Stars Layers of the Sun/Solar Events Chromosphere: The layer outside the photosphere. It can only be seen during a solar eclipse. Solar Eclipse- when the photosphere gets covered by the moon Solar Flares: tremendous bursts of energy

6. Stars Layers of the Sun/Solar Events Chromosphere Events: Solar Prominences: streams of gas that erupt from chromosphere and return to look like a loop. Corona: surrounds the chromosphere and is a huge, hot blanket of vapor that extends into space

7. Stars Layers of the Sun/Solar Events Corona Events: Solar Magnetism affects the Corona and can cause holes Solar Winds- high speed stream of charged particles that come from coronal holes.

8. Stars Star Measurement Other than the sun (93,000,000 miles away) , most other stars are very far away Stars are so far away we have to use light years. Light Year- how far light travels in one year

9. Stars Star Distance Freidrich Wilhein Bessel was the first to measure star distance. Used Trigonometry- used Parallax Parallax- the apparent change in position of an object caused by the actual change in position of the observer For some stars Bessel used opposite sides of Earth’s orbit (ex. Summer and Winter)

10. Stars Star Distance: A Parsec is a unit of measurement for astronomers Based on parallax Parsec- the distance of an object with a parallax of one arc. 1 parsec=3.26 light years