The document summarizes the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, and heat can be converted to work and vice versa. The second law states that heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold bodies, and entropy, or disorder, increases over time as energy is dissipated.

1. 8 th Grade Chapter 5 Lesson 3 Pgs. 199-205 For Student Use Only

2. Thermodynamics Therme= heat Dynamis= POWER Thermodynamics= heat power There are 2 laws of Thermodynamics 1 st Law= Stated by Robert Van Mayer 2 nd Law= Stated by Nicolas Carnot

3. Myths and Truths People originally thought heat was an invisible and weightless fluid Count Rumford (really, Benjamin Thompson) realized that heat was a form of mechanical motion He was able to convince other scientists with simple experiments that proved his point

4. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics Force (Energy) cannot be created or destroyed it will only change forms Mechanical Equivalent of Heat- Work can be converted into heat and vice versa 778 ft-lbs = 1 BTU (or 252 calories of thermal energy)

5. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics Joule Discovered: W=fd Work= force x distance Joule Restated: 1 st Law of Thermodynamics Energy is indestructible ; it is converted into other forms

6. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics Law of Conservation of Energy: The total amount of energy in a system is constant Movie Notes The Three Laws of Thermodynamics AND Newton and Thermodynamics

7. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics Nicolas Carnot- was named founder of thermodynamics Stated (simply) heat is transferred from higher to low temperature

8. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics Heat will not go from lower temperature to higher temperature and goes from less energy to greater disorder This is called ENTROPY

9. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics Entropy: This is the amount of disorder in a system When things decay entropy is increased (disorder is increased) Energy must be expended to do work so perpetual machines do not work For every action there is a loss of energy and an increase in disorder Movie Notes: Myth Busters- Conservation of Energy

10. Entropy and the Universe Universe is heading towards more disorder Energy is constantly being used and running down