8.cleidocranial dysplasia
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Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by incomplete penetrance that primarily affects the skull, clavicles, and dentition. Key features include a brachycephalic skull with sunken sutures and depressed nasal bridge, absence or malformation of clavicles causing shoulders to meet in the midline, retained primary teeth and delayed permanent tooth eruption, and supernumerary teeth. Radiographs show open skull sutures, absence or malformation of clavicles, and dental anomalies. Diagnosis is based on the shoulder meeting in the midline and dental and skeletal features. Management focuses on dental care including extraction of supernumerary teeth while skull and clavicle anomalies require no
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Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the development of dental enamel. There are three main types - hypoplastic, hypocalcified, and hypomaturation. The enamel is either not fully formed, not properly mineralized, or does not mature correctly. Treatment depends on the specific type but can include preventative care with sealants, bonding, crowns, veneers, and in severe cases, full coverage restorations. Managing the condition over many years using various techniques can lead to excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes.
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This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect teeth, including abnormalities in number, size, and shape. It classifies and describes conditions like hypodontia (missing teeth), hyperdontia (extra teeth), microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, dens invaginatus, and others. For each type of disturbance, it covers clinical features, radiographic findings, associated syndromes, and recommendations for treatment and prognosis. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of developmental disturbances that can impact odontogenesis.
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Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the development of dental enamel. There are three main types - hypoplastic, hypocalcified, and hypomaturation. The enamel is either not fully formed, not properly mineralized, or does not mature correctly. Treatment depends on the specific type but can include preventative care with sealants, bonding, crowns, veneers, and in severe cases, full coverage restorations. Managing the condition over many years using various techniques can lead to excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes.
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This document outlines the components of a case history for prosthodontic treatment planning. It discusses collecting patient information such as name, age, sex, occupation, etc. It also describes examining the patient extraorally and intraorally, including assessing facial form, lip support, the temporomandibular joint, and neuromuscular function. Taking a thorough case history and clinical examination allows the clinician to determine the patient's diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
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Dry socket
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• Dry socket symptoms are experienced after a tooth extraction.
• This condition requires follow-up care by the doctor who performed the surgery, an oral surgeon or a dentist who is familiar with how to treat it.
For more information, contact :-
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
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The document discusses the development of primary and permanent dentition in humans. It describes the characteristics of human dentition including dental formula. Tooth development occurs in three stages - bud, cap and bell stage. The primary teeth erupt in a sequence from 6-30 months. Characteristics of primary dentition include spacing, shallow overjet and overbite, and vertical inclination of anterior teeth. Molar relationships in primary dentition can be flush, mesial step or distal step.
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This document outlines the 9 steps in cavity preparation for class I dental restorations:
1. Outlining the cavity and initial depth preparation.
2. Developing the primary resistance form to withstand forces.
3. Adding primary retention features like cavity convergence.
4. Adding convenience features for restoration placement.
5. Removing infected material and old restorations.
6. Applying pulp protection as needed.
7. Adding secondary resistance and retention features like bonding agents.
8. Finishing external walls for optimal margins.
9. Cleaning, inspecting, and sealing the preparation prior to restoration.
Impaction
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Supernumerary teeth form in addition to the normal dental formula due to disturbances during tooth development. They can be classified as supplemental if they resemble adjacent teeth or rudimentary if they have abnormal shape/size. Theories for their formation include atavism, tooth germ dichotomy, hyperactivity of the dental lamina, and genetic/environmental factors. Mouse models have provided insights but are limited due to differences from human dentition. Molecular signaling pathways like WNT and BMP play roles in determining tooth number.
07.non carious lesions
Non-carious lesions can be caused by various factors like attrition, abrasion, abfraction, erosion, and developmental defects. They are managed through treatments like restoration, controlling parafunctional habits, and addressing underlying causes. Localized enamel hypoplasia can result in pits and defects from interruptions during enamel formation, while hypocalcification makes enamel softer and more stainable. Management involves restoration, bleaching, or preventing further demineralization.
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Cleidocranial dysplasia
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by defective development of the skull bones and absence or partial absence of the collar bones. It is caused by mutations in the CBFA1 gene. Symptoms include delayed closure of fontanels, protruding jaw, wide nasal bridge, dental abnormalities like delayed tooth eruption and peg-shaped teeth. Diagnosis is confirmed through x-rays showing features like reduced or fragmented clavicles. Treatment focuses on surgical correction of skull defects and dental/orthodontic work to address significant dental problems.
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Developmental disturbances of teeth
True generalized microdontia involves all teeth being smaller than normal and is seen in cases of pituitary dwarfism. Macrodontia refers to teeth being larger than normal. Geminated teeth arise from an attempt at division of a single tooth germ. Taurodontism is the enlargement of the tooth body and pulp chamber with displacement of the pulpal floor. Amelogenesis imperfecta represents hereditary defects of enamel formation. Dentinogenesis imperfecta affects dentin formation resulting in teeth that are gray to yellowish-brown.
Developmental disturbances of the Teeth
This document discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the teeth, including size, number and eruption, shape/form, and enamel and dentin defects. For size, it describes microdontia and macrodontia, covering true generalized, relative generalized, and focal/localized variations. For number and eruption, it discusses supernumerary teeth, anodontia (complete, partial, and other types), and impaction. Shape/form disturbances include crown variations like fusion, gemination, taurodontism, talon's cusp, and dens invaginatus, as well as root anomalies. Finally, it covers defects of enamel and dentin, focusing on amelogenesis imperfecta.
Dentinogenic concept
The document discusses the dentinogenic concept introduced by John P. Frush and Roland D. Fisher. This concept states that the form of one's teeth is determined by factors like sex, age, and personality. Masculine features include prominent, square teeth while feminine features include smaller, rounded teeth. Personality is also a factor, with vigorous people having squarer teeth and delicate people having smaller, symmetrically arranged teeth. Age affects features like shade, wear, and the shape of the smiling line and canines. Dentinogenic restorations aim to incorporate these factors to create natural-looking teeth according to one's sex, personality, and age.
13.taurodontism
Taurodontism is a condition where the body of the tooth is enlarged at the expense of the root, resulting in an elongated tooth body and short roots. It is caused by a failure of the epithelial root sheath to invaginate properly during tooth development. Taurodontism can range from mild to severe and may affect deciduous or permanent molars either unilaterally or bilaterally. Radiographically, there is an extremely large pulp chamber that extends into the elongated tooth body and short, wide roots. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic rectangular tooth crown and large pulp chamber seen clinically or radiographically. No treatment is needed as taurodontism does not typically cause clinical problems.
Enamel hypoplasia ppt
This document provides an overview of enamel hypoplasia, including its definition, classification, etiology, clinical features, radiographic features, and management. Enamel hypoplasia is defined as an incomplete or defective formation of the enamel matrix of teeth. It can be hereditary or environmental in origin. Common causes include nutritional deficiencies, infections like syphilis, and dental fluorosis from excess fluoride intake. Clinical features range from mild pitting to severe absence of enamel. Treatment depends on severity and location, and may include desensitizing agents, composite restoration, crowns, or extractions for severely malformed teeth.
Rubber Dam - Dentistry
The document discusses the use of rubber dams in dentistry. Rubber dams isolate teeth from saliva during procedures to provide a dry, clean operating field. They were introduced in 1864 and advantages include improved visibility, access, and material properties. Placement involves punching holes in the dam, selecting a retainer clamp, and securing the dam over teeth. Proper isolation is important for preventing contamination and protecting patients and dentists.
21.hypercementosis
Hypercementosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of cementum on tooth roots. It can be localized, affecting a single tooth due to conditions like periapical osteitis, or generalized, affecting many teeth as an age-related factor or due to diseases like Paget's disease of bone. Radiographically, it appears as thickening and blunting of roots with a bulbous or irregular apex. Diagnosis is clinical based on the bulbous root appearance. Treatment focuses on managing any underlying primary causes.
case history in prosthodontics
This document outlines the components of a case history for prosthodontic treatment planning. It discusses collecting patient information such as name, age, sex, occupation, etc. It also describes examining the patient extraorally and intraorally, including assessing facial form, lip support, the temporomandibular joint, and neuromuscular function. Taking a thorough case history and clinical examination allows the clinician to determine the patient's diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Development of Occlusion
This document discusses occlusion and its development from birth through adulthood. It begins by defining static and dynamic occlusion. It then discusses ideal, normal, and physiologic occlusion. It describes the periods of occlusal development from pre-dental through deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition. It provides details on eruption sequences, spacing, and transitional periods. It also discusses occlusal curvatures like the Curve of Spee and Wilson. In summary, it provides a comprehensive overview of occlusion, its classifications, development through life stages, and related anatomical concepts.
serial extraction
Serial extraction is an interceptive orthodontic procedure that involves the planned extraction of certain primary and permanent teeth in a sequence to guide the erupting permanent teeth into a favorable position. It was first described in 1929 as a way to address arch length deficiencies. The most common methods are Dewel's method, Tweed's method, and Nance method, all of which extract primary teeth first, followed by premolars and canines. Potential problems include anterior crossbites from residual spacing or skeletal discrepancies.
Periodontal Flap
This document discusses periodontal flaps, which are sections of gingiva surgically separated from underlying tissues to provide access to bone and roots. It defines different types of flaps classified by bone exposure, placement, and papilla design. Indications and contraindications for various flaps are outlined. Procedures for modified Widman, undisplaced, apically displaced, and regenerative flaps are described. Distal molar surgery techniques and use of periodontal packs are also summarized.
Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues
1. Dental pulp diseases include pulpitis, which can be acute or chronic. Acute pulpitis is reversible or irreversible, while chronic pulpitis can be closed or open.
2. Periapical diseases result from pulp necrosis and include acute or chronic apical periodontitis, periapical abscesses, cysts, and osteomyelitis. Chronic apical periodontitis often forms a periapical granuloma.
3. Symptoms, causes, histological features, radiographic features and treatments are described for each condition. Physical, chemical and microbial factors can all contribute to pulp and periapical diseases.
Dry socket
One of the most painful but easy-to-treat dental emergencies is a dry socket.
• Dry socket symptoms are experienced after a tooth extraction.
• This condition requires follow-up care by the doctor who performed the surgery, an oral surgeon or a dentist who is familiar with how to treat it.
For more information, contact :-
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
#drysocket #management #thirdmolarextraction #extractioncomplications
Development of dentition and occlsion
The document discusses the development of primary and permanent dentition in humans. It describes the characteristics of human dentition including dental formula. Tooth development occurs in three stages - bud, cap and bell stage. The primary teeth erupt in a sequence from 6-30 months. Characteristics of primary dentition include spacing, shallow overjet and overbite, and vertical inclination of anterior teeth. Molar relationships in primary dentition can be flush, mesial step or distal step.
"GINGIVAL-ENLARGEMENT"
Gingival enlargement, also known as gingival overgrowth, has several potential causes including inflammatory, drug-induced, and systemic conditions. It is classified based on etiology and pathology. Inflammatory enlargement is caused by prolonged bacterial plaque exposure and poor oral hygiene. Drug-induced enlargement can be caused by medications like anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers. Systemic conditions like pregnancy, leukemia, and granulomatous diseases can also cause gingival enlargement. Treatment depends on the specific cause but may include nonsurgical approaches like improved plaque control or surgical procedures like gingivectomy.
steps of cavity preparation for class 1
This document outlines the 9 steps in cavity preparation for class I dental restorations:
1. Outlining the cavity and initial depth preparation.
2. Developing the primary resistance form to withstand forces.
3. Adding primary retention features like cavity convergence.
4. Adding convenience features for restoration placement.
5. Removing infected material and old restorations.
6. Applying pulp protection as needed.
7. Adding secondary resistance and retention features like bonding agents.
8. Finishing external walls for optimal margins.
9. Cleaning, inspecting, and sealing the preparation prior to restoration.
Impaction
Classification of Impaction and Methods & Techniques of Third molar/Manidibular impaction removal,Flap designs of impaction removal techniques and more
Supernumerary Teeth
Supernumerary teeth form in addition to the normal dental formula due to disturbances during tooth development. They can be classified as supplemental if they resemble adjacent teeth or rudimentary if they have abnormal shape/size. Theories for their formation include atavism, tooth germ dichotomy, hyperactivity of the dental lamina, and genetic/environmental factors. Mouse models have provided insights but are limited due to differences from human dentition. Molecular signaling pathways like WNT and BMP play roles in determining tooth number.
07.non carious lesions
Non-carious lesions can be caused by various factors like attrition, abrasion, abfraction, erosion, and developmental defects. They are managed through treatments like restoration, controlling parafunctional habits, and addressing underlying causes. Localized enamel hypoplasia can result in pits and defects from interruptions during enamel formation, while hypocalcification makes enamel softer and more stainable. Management involves restoration, bleaching, or preventing further demineralization.
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CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSPLASIA
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a congenital disorder of bone formation characterized by abnormalities of the skull, teeth, jaw, and shoulder girdle. It is caused by mutations in the CBFA1 gene and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Key features include clavicular hypoplasia or agenesis, a narrow thorax, brachycephaly, underdeveloped paranasal sinuses, dental anomalies such as retained primary teeth and supernumerary teeth, and defects of the shoulder girdle ranging from absence of the clavicle to thinning of the clavicles. Radiographic examination typically shows reduced or fragmented clavicles and delayed ossification of bones. Treatment focuses on
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by defective development of the skull bones and absence or partial absence of the collar bones. It is caused by mutations in the CBFA1 gene. Symptoms include delayed closure of fontanels, protruding jaw, wide nasal bridge, dental abnormalities like delayed tooth eruption and peg-shaped teeth. Diagnosis is confirmed through x-rays showing features like reduced or fragmented clavicles. Treatment focuses on surgical correction of skull defects and dental/orthodontic work to address significant dental problems.
9. dela cruz cleidocranial dysplasia
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by defective bone development of the skull and absence or partial absence of the collarbone. It causes delayed closure of skull bones and late or unerupted teeth. Symptoms include protruding forehead, wide-set eyes, high-arched palate, and short stature. Dental issues are the most significant complications and require careful orthodontic treatment like dentures or staged tooth removal. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and results from mutations in the RunX2 gene.
Developmental anomalies of teeth - by variyta
This presentation will surely help those scratching there nerves with developmental disturbances of teeth :)
click to find out
Osteomyelitis of jaw
This document discusses osteomyelitis, including its pathogenesis and management. It defines osteomyelitis as an infection of the bone marrow and describes how local and systemic predisposing factors can lead to decreased bone vitality and impaired host defense. The main types of osteomyelitis covered are suppurative, focal sclerosing, diffuse sclerosing, and proliferative perositis. For each type, the document discusses pathogenesis, clinical features, histology, radiology, and management. Key points include how acute suppurative osteomyelitis can progress to chronic form if inadequately treated, and how eliminating infection sources is important but bone changes may persist radiographically for some types.
Odontoma
El odontoma es una formación tumoral benigna compuesta de tejido odontogénico que forma pequeños dientes u órganos dentarios de diferentes tamaños, conocidos como odontoma compuesto, o masas de tejido dentario sin organización, llamado odontoma complejo. Esta pieza quirúrgica contiene tanto odontoma compuesto como complejo, con dientes formados de diferentes tamaños y masas de tejido dentario sin constituir dientes completos.
28.regional odontodysplasia
Regional odontodysplasia is a developmental anomaly affecting the ectodermal and mesodermal components of tooth development, causing teeth to be small, mottled brown, and hypocalcified. It most commonly impacts the central and lateral incisors. Radiographically, affected teeth appear ghost-like with reduced density and large pulp chambers. While the etiology is uncertain, factors like trauma, infection, and vascular defects have been suggested. Clinical diagnosis is based on irregular tooth shape and brown discoloration, while radiographs reveal a shell-like appearance. Treatment typically involves early extraction and prosthetic replacement, though restorative procedures like root canals may attempt to save affected teeth.
5.facial hemihypertrophy
Facial hemihypertrophy is a condition where one side of the face and sometimes parts of the body are enlarged. It can be caused by endocrine dysfunction, genetic factors, vascular abnormalities, or neurogenic malformations. Clinically, it involves enlargement of structures on one side of the face like the eyelids, cheeks, lips, and bones. Radiographs show bone and tooth enlargement on the affected side. Diagnosis is made by noticing facial asymmetry clinically and seeing bone and tooth enlargement on imaging. Management focuses on cosmetic repair through procedures like soft tissue reduction, face lifts, and jaw surgery.
6.concrescence
Concrescence is the fusion of tooth roots together by cementum. It can occur developmentally due to space restrictions, or after inflammatory or traumatic damage to tooth roots. There are two types - true concrescence during development, or acquired concrescence after development. Clinically, concrescence is most common in maxillary molars and fuses only two teeth together by their roots. Radiographs are needed to diagnose concrescence and distinguish it from teeth in close contact or superimposition, showing the union of two tooth roots with cementum. Extraction of concrescent teeth requires careful treatment by dentists.
18.gardner's syndrome
Gardner's syndrome is a hereditary condition caused by a gene on chromosome 5 that results in multiple intestinal polyps and bone growths. Patients commonly experience colonic polyps that have a high risk of becoming cancerous, as well as benign bone tumors (osteomas) in the jaw, face and skull that can cause facial deformities and restricted mouth opening. Diagnosis involves detecting unerupted teeth and jaw osteomas on radiological exams. Treatment requires preventative removal of the colon due to the high cancer risk and surgery to remove jaw osteomas for cosmetic purposes.
Odontoma (Doctor Faris Alabeedi MSc, MMedSc, PgDip, BDS.)
This document discusses odontomas, which are benign odontogenic tumors composed of dental tissue like enamel, dentin, and pulp. There are two main types: compound odontomas, which appear like small tooth structures, and complex odontomas, which have a disorganized appearance. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on x-rays during dental exams. On x-rays, they appear as radiopaque masses surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Treatment involves simple surgical removal, with an excellent prognosis and no recurrence.
Anomalies of tooth formation & eruption
The document discusses several anomalies and abnormalities that can occur in tooth formation and eruption. Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth that develop in addition to the normal number. Hypodontia is a congenital absence of one or more teeth. Abnormalities can also occur in tooth size, shape, structure and formation. Some examples provided include taurodontism, dens invaginatus, amelogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia. Many conditions are genetic or due to disruptions during tooth development and may require monitoring or treatments like extractions or root canals.
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0091-9248678078Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...
Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078Turnerâs syndrome
Turner's syndrome is a genetic condition that affects development in females caused by a missing or partial X chromosome. Common symptoms include short stature, broad chest, increased weight, and reproductive sterility. While there is no cure, treatment options focus on hormone therapy to promote growth and reduce osteoporosis risks, as well as modern reproductive technologies. Turner's syndrome is usually inherited from the father and patients can live normal lives with close medical monitoring.
Submerged tooth
Ankylosis is the fusion of a tooth root to the alveolar bone due to lack of periodontal ligament space. It occurs most commonly in deciduous teeth, especially the mandibular second molar, as a result of root resorption followed by fusion to the bone. This prevents normal exfoliation of deciduous teeth and impaction of the permanent successor. Ankylosis can be caused by local metabolic changes, trauma, infection or abnormal tongue pressure. Clinically, ankylosed teeth appear sunken, lack mobility, and percussion elicits a solid sound. Radiographically, there is partial or complete absence of the periodontal ligament space and lamina dura. Treatment depends on
Delayed eruption
This document reviews delayed tooth eruption (DTE), including potential causes, clinical implications, investigations, and treatment approaches. DTE can be caused by local factors like physical obstructions, injuries, or arch length deficiencies, as well as systemic factors such as preterm birth, malnutrition, endocrine disorders, genetic syndromes, and medical treatments. Diagnosing DTE involves examining dental development stages, medical history, and radiographs. Treatment depends on the cause but may include removing obstructions, surgically exposing teeth, applying orthodontic traction, or treating underlying medical conditions.
14.chondroectodermal dysplasia
Chondroectodermal dysplasia, also known as Ellis van Creveld syndrome, is a congenital disorder characterized by short limbs, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and congenital heart defects. Key features include small, conical teeth that erupt early, sparse hair and absent nails, as well as bone deformities of the knees and chest wall abnormalities. Radiographs show short finger bones and distinctive tooth shapes. Treatment focuses on surgical correction of physical abnormalities like harelip.
39.erosion
Erosion is the chemical process of tooth substance loss without bacterial involvement. It occurs when tooth surfaces are exposed to acids from intrinsic sources like gastric reflux or vomiting, or extrinsic sources like acidic foods and beverages. Clinical features include smooth lesions on the front teeth surfaces that cause hypersensitivity. Radiographs may show radiolucent defects in the crown. Management involves diet control, fluoride use, changing brushing habits, and restorations or systemic treatment depending on the cause of erosion.
36.premature exfoliation
Premature exfoliation of teeth can be caused by genetic conditions like papillon Lèfevre's syndrome, nutritional disorders such as hypophosphatasia and cycling neutropenia, or other diseases including histiocytosis and acrodynia. Clinically, it results in bone loss around teeth and the loosening, migration, and spontaneous loss of teeth. The only management is to address the underlying etiological factors causing premature exfoliation when possible.
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Odontoma (Doctor Faris Alabeedi MSc, MMedSc, PgDip, BDS.)
Odontoma (Doctor Faris Alabeedi MSc, MMedSc, PgDip, BDS.)
dental developmental pathology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...
dental developmental pathology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...
Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...
Etiology of malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...
Similar to 8.cleidocranial dysplasia
9.craniofacial dysostosis
Craniofacial dysostosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive skull and facial bone malformations that are present at birth or become evident in infancy. Key features include premature fusion of skull bone sutures leading to an abnormally shaped head, facial abnormalities like bulging eyes, and dental issues like a high arched palate and crowding. Diagnosis involves examining characteristic facial features and skull x-rays showing thin bone walls and indentations. Treatment may include surgeries to correct facial structure and relieve pressure on the brain.
3.gemination
Gemination occurs during tooth development when a single tooth germ invaginates, resulting in an incomplete formation of two teeth that appear joined on a single root. It most commonly affects deciduous mandibular incisors and permanent maxillary incisors. Radiographs show a cleft in the crown and enlarged or partially divided pulp chamber within a single root. Treatment involves restoring and reshaping the crown, periodic filing to reduce the width, and eventually preparing a final crown.
3.gemination
Gemination occurs during tooth development when a single tooth germ invaginates, resulting in an incomplete formation of two teeth that appear joined on a single root. It most commonly affects deciduous mandibular incisors and permanent maxillary incisors. Radiographs show a cleft in the crown and enlarged or partially divided pulp chamber within a single root. Treatment involves restoring and reshaping the crown, periodic filing to reduce the width, and eventually preparing a final crown.
Etiology of maloclussion bvp
This document discusses the etiology and classification of malocclusion. It identifies several local and general factors that can cause malocclusion, including heredity, congenital defects, environmental factors like thumb sucking and tongue thrusting, metabolic diseases, accidents or trauma, anomalies in tooth number or size, and abnormal frenum or dental restorations. It provides examples for each factor and their effects on dental alignment. Congenital defects discussed in detail include clefts of the lip and palate, congenital syphilis, and macro/microglossia.
Systemic Diseases Manifested in the Jaws
Systemic Diseases Manifestation the Jaws based on chapter25
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Radiographic Features of Developmental Anomalies in the Face and Jaws
This document discusses several developmental anomalies of the face and jaws, including cleft lip and palate, Crouzon syndrome, hemifacial microsomia, and Treacher Collins syndrome. Cleft lip and palate are the most common craniofacial anomalies, resulting from a failure of fusion during fetal development. Crouzon syndrome is characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures, resulting in a short skull and facial abnormalities. Hemifacial microsomia displays reduced growth on half of the face, while Treacher Collins syndrome involves underdevelopment of the zygomatic bones and mandible.
Skeletal dysplasias
skeletal dysplasia from radiology view point. explained in detail with xrays and ct scans. fibrous dysplasia not included
Morphology of primary teeth
The document discusses the morphology of primary teeth. It describes the general features of primary teeth such as their short crowns, thin enamel and dentin layers, and larger pulps close to the surface. It then details the specific characteristics of each primary tooth type. Key differences between primary and permanent teeth are outlined. The clinical significance of understanding primary tooth morphology for procedures like restorations and extractions is also covered.
imaging i n short stature sadanand.pdf
This document discusses short stature and its imaging evaluation. Short stature can be caused by skeletal dysplasias, endocrine disorders, genetics, or malnutrition/illness. Imaging helps classify short stature as proportionate or disproportionate and diagnose underlying conditions. Key tests include skeletal survey, hand X-ray for bone age, and brain MRI if hypopituitarism is suspected. Several specific skeletal dysplasias and their features are described in detail, including achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, pyknodysostosis, and mucopolysaccharidoses. Congenital hypopituitarism and hyp
Radiopaque Lesions
This document provides definitions and classifications of radiopaque lesions that can be seen on dental radiographs. It begins with defining normal radiopacity and listing common anatomical radiopacities seen in the jaws. Lesions are then classified as abnormalities of the teeth, developmental conditions affecting bone, inflammatory conditions, and odontogenic/non-odontogenic tumors. Specific conditions like condensing osteitis, periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, odontomes, and cementoblastoma are described in detail with their typical radiographic features and differences.
Developmental disturbances
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of the jaws and teeth. It begins with introductions and terminology. It then discusses various developmental disturbances that can affect the jaws, such as agnathia, micrognathia, macrognathia, and clefts. Tooth disturbances covered include anomalies in size, number, morphology, structure, and position. Specific conditions discussed include microdontia, hypodontia, taurodontism, amelogenesis imperfecta, and dens invaginatus. Finally, the document examines some developmental cysts of the jaws, such as the nasopalatine duct cyst, median palatal cyst, and Stafne cyst. The conclusion thanks the reader.
17.globodontia
Globodontia is a condition where the posterior teeth appear enlarged and bulbous without distinct cusps or grooves, giving them a round or globular appearance. It affects the molar teeth and appears to be inherited, though some cases are sporadic. Diagnosis involves visual examination of the globular tooth shape, and management consists of regular follow-ups, extraction of affected teeth over time, and potential orthodontic treatment.
Physical injuries of teeth
Bruxism is the habitual grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep or while awake. It can cause physical injuries to teeth like fractures, cracked tooth syndrome, and tooth ankylosis. Fractures of teeth are commonly caused by trauma, large dental restorations, or internal resorption. Cracked tooth syndrome involves an incomplete crack in the tooth that causes sharp fleeting pains. Tooth ankylosis is a fusion between the tooth and bone caused by root resorption and repair with cementum or bone. Treatments depend on the specific injury but may include splints, crowns, endodontic treatment, or extraction.
mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesions / oral surgery courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Odontogenic cysts
A cyst is an epithelium-lined sac containing fluid or semisolid material. In the formation of a cyst, the epithelial cells first proliferate and later undergo degeneration and liquefaction. The liquefied material exerts equal pressure on the walls of the cyst from within. Cysts grow by expansion and thus displace the adjacent teeth by pressure. May can produce expansion of the cortical bone. On a radiograph, the radiolucency of a cyst is usually bordered by a radiopaque periphery of dense sclerotic bone. The radiolucency may be unilocular or multilocular. Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. The source of epithelium is from the enamel organ, the reduced enamel epithelium, the cell rests of Malassez or the remnants of the dental lamina.
10.mandibulofacial dysostosis
Mandibulofacial dysostosis is a genetic condition caused by the failure of neural crest cells to migrate properly during facial development. It is characterized by underdeveloped bones and tissues of the midface and jaw. Common features include a small lower jaw, high arched palate, cleft palate, unusually large mouth, downward slanted eyes, and varying degrees of vision problems and tooth abnormalities. Treatment focuses on cosmetic surgery to improve facial structure and hearing.
Local factors in etiology of malocclusion
Malocclusion can be caused by local developmental factors that disrupt the normal growth and alignment of teeth. These include abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, and eruption due to issues like missing teeth, supernumeraries, trauma, premature loss of primary teeth, prolonged retention of primary teeth, and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Premature loss of primary teeth is a leading cause of malocclusion since it allows other teeth to drift out of position. Improper dental restorations can also disrupt contacts and cause teeth to rotate out of alignment. Most malocclusions are due to moderate distortions in normal development rather than pathological processes.
differential diagnosis
1. The document discusses differential diagnosis of pericoronal radiolucencies, which are lesions that cause radiolucency in the coronal region of teeth.
2. It describes common conditions that can present as pericoronal radiolucencies such as follicular spaces, dentigerous cysts, unicystic ameloblastoma, and ameloblastic fibroma.
3. For each condition, it provides details on prevalence, location, symptoms, imaging features, and management considerations to help differentiate between potential diagnoses.
Structural Alterations of tooth.pptx
This document summarizes several developmental alterations of teeth structures. It begins by describing Amelogenesis Imperfecta, which is a group of hereditary conditions that affect the quality and quantity of dental enamel. It classifies AI based on the stage of development affected and lists associated clinical features. It then discusses Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, Dentin Dysplasia, Regional Odontodysplasia, and Dentin Hypocalcification - each of which involve hereditary defects in dentin formation. For each condition, it provides details on classification, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, diagnosis, and management.
Systemic and congenital factors that influence the process of eruption teeth
This document discusses several systemic and congenital factors that can influence tooth eruption:
1. Down syndrome is associated with delayed eruption of primary teeth, with on average 6 teeth delayed in boys and 11 in girls.
2. Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare syndrome where development of the dentition is delayed, with complete primary dentition not emerging until age 15 due to delayed resorption and eruption of permanent teeth.
3. Hypothyroidism, achondroplastic dwarfism, and hypopituitarism can all cause delayed eruption of the teeth alongside smaller jaws and crowding. In severe hypopituitarism, primary teeth may be
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Radiographic Features of Developmental Anomalies in the Face and Jaws
Radiographic Features of Developmental Anomalies in the Face and Jaws
mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesions / oral surgery courses
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Systemic and congenital factors that influence the process of eruption teeth
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17.ectodermal dysplasia
Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of inherited diseases where two or more ectodermally derived structures are underdeveloped. It can be inherited in autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked patterns. Clinical features include sparse, fine hair and eyebrows, a saddle nose appearance, heat intolerance, and absence of sweat glands. Oral manifestations include missing teeth (oligodontia or anodontia), a high palate, and possible cleft palate. Radiographs show absence of teeth and a thin, less vertical alveolar process. Dentures and dental implants can be used to manage the condition for functional and cosmetic purposes.
15.arhinencephaly
Arhinencephaly is a rare developmental abnormality where part of the brain called the olfactory portion is either absent or deficient, resulting in abnormalities of the skull and face. It can cause problems with smell, breathing, and feeding. Individuals with arhinencephaly may have a flat face, widely spaced eyes, and underdeveloped nasal cavities.
7.hemi maxillofacial dysplasia
Hemi-maxillofacial dysplasia is a condition characterized by painless unilateral enlargement of the maxillary bone and fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva. It most commonly affects younger patients and may be associated with other conditions like Becker's nevus. Radiographs show thickened, vertically oriented trabeculae in the maxilla giving it a granular appearance, along with a smaller maxillary sinus on the affected side. The diagnosis is based on clinical features of unilateral maxillary enlargement and gingival hyperplasia along with radiographic findings. Treatment involves orthodontic therapy and potentially orthognathic surgery.
1.definitions
This document defines several genetic terms: congenital means present at birth but not necessarily inherited; hereditary means apparent at birth but may not show for years; autosomal dominant inheritance affects every person with an affected parent and is transmitted to offspring; autosomal recessive only affects siblings and has a 1 in 4 chance in siblings; X-linked dominant exhibits higher in females due to twice as many X chromosomes and females transmit to half offspring; X-linked recessive is much higher in males than females.
3.micrognathia
Micrognathia is a condition where the jaw, most commonly the mandible, is severely deficient. There are two types - apparent micrognathia which is an illusion and true micrognathia where the jaw is actually small. True micrognathia can be congenital or acquired and is associated with other birth defects or injuries from forceps delivery or ankylosis. Clinical features include a retracted middle face, retruded chin, and steep mandibular angle with the jaw being too small to feed properly in infants. Management may involve orthognathic surgery.
4.macrognathia
Macrognathia refers to an abnormally large jaw, which can be caused by conditions like pituitary gigantism, Paget's disease of bone, or acromegaly in adults. Clinical features of macrognathia include mandibular protrusion, an enlarged mandible, a gummy smile showing excessive gums, a prominent chin button, and a less steep angle between the ramus and body of the mandible. Treatment may involve osteotomy to decrease the length of the mandible followed by orthodontic treatment.
2.agnathia
Agnathia is a rare condition where one or both jaws are totally absent. It can cause the upper face to appear normal while the lower face skin continues into the neck area. The tongue may be rudimentary while ears can be deformed. Though difficult, surgical reconstruction should be carried out to reconstruct the jaws.
6.facial hemiatrophy
Facial hemiatrophy, also known as Parry Romberg syndrome, is characterized by slowly progressive wasting of the soft tissues on half of the face. Key features include a white line furrow on one side of the face near the midline, thinning of tissues under the skin including fat, cartilage, and bone, and a sharp line of demarcation between normal and affected skin resembling a scar. Radiographic imaging reveals reduction in the size of bones on the affected side of the face compared to the unaffected side. There is no known cause, and treatment involves surgical reconstruction and orthodontic management.
41.resorption of teeth
Tooth resorption is the chronic damage or loss of tooth structure caused by odontoclast cells. It can occur physiologically or pathologically. External resorption occurs when odontoclasts are in the periodontal ligament, while internal resorption happens when they are located in the dentine pulp.
40.abfraction
Abfraction is the loss of tooth structure caused by flexure from occlusal stresses on the teeth. It typically affects the buccal or labial cervical areas, presenting as wedge-shaped lesions with sharp line angles. Abfraction results from eccentric forces during occlusion that weaken the tooth's ability to withstand stresses, especially when combined with erosion or abrasion, leading to tissue loss over time.
38.abrasion
Abrasion is the pathological wearing away of tooth substance caused by external abrasive agents. It can be caused by abrasive dentifrices, horizontal tooth brushing with heavy pressure, occupational or ritual abrasion, or dental floss or toothpicks. Clinically, abrasion appears as V-shaped lesions on exposed tooth roots and causes sensitivity as dentin is exposed. Radiographically, abrasion shows as radiolucent defects at the cervical level of teeth with increasing density borders that are semi-lunar in shape. Management involves modifying teeth cleaning habits, removing the cause, and performing restorations.
37.attrition
Physiological attrition is the wearing away of teeth due to normal tooth contact during chewing. It helps maintain a proper crown-to-root ratio and allows for third molar eruption. Pathological attrition occurs due to abnormalities like abnormal chewing habits, coarse foods, or structural defects. Clinical features include polished facets on tooth surfaces and a gradual reduction in cusp height. Radiographs show shortened crowns and thickened secondary dentin. Management focuses on habit correction, treating malocclusions, and addressing sensitivity issues.
35.ectopic eruption
Ectopic eruption occurs when teeth erupt in abnormal locations, not their normal positions. Large teeth or a small jaw can cause this, as well as local developmental issues. Teeth may erupt lingually rather than normally, and can cause root resorption or premature loss if they become locked in place. Management involves using brass looped wires to guide teeth into proper positions.
34.eruption sequestrum
Eruption sequestrum occurs when small fragments of bone separate from the jaw as a molar tooth erupts. A tiny irregular spicule of non-viable bone overlies the crown of the erupting tooth within soft tissues. As the tooth continues erupting, the bone fragment completely separates and is lost through the mucosa. Radiographically, it appears as an irregular opacity overlying the central fossa but separated from the tooth. Removal of the spicule is only necessary if it causes issues during eruption.
33.transposition
A tooth transposition occurs when two teeth exchange their normal positions, most often involving the permanent canine and lateral incisor. Radiographs are useful for recognizing this condition by showing an unusual sequence of teeth. Impacted teeth in the wrong positions can be surgically exposed and prosthetically altered under local anesthesia to improve function.
32.ankylosis or submerged teeth
Submerged teeth are deciduous teeth that have undergone root resorption and become fused to the alveolar bone through ankylosis. Ankylosis can occur due to factors like trauma, infection, or abnormal tongue pressure and prevents the normal exfoliation and replacement of deciduous teeth with permanent teeth. Clinically, ankylosed teeth lack mobility and have a solid sound upon percussion. Radiographically, there is a partial or complete absence of the periodontal ligament space seen normally around the tooth root. Surgical excision may be required if the ankylosed tooth does not exfoliate on its own.
31.embedded and impacted teeth
Embedded teeth are unerupted teeth due to a lack of eruptive forces, while impacted teeth are prevented from erupting by a physical barrier. Common causes include lack of space, tooth rotation, and systemic diseases. Third molars are most frequently affected, and complications can arise like dentigerous cysts, periodontal infections near impacted teeth, and resorption of adjacent tooth roots. Surgical exposure or removal may be required to address problems caused by impacted teeth, with potential short-term complications including sensory loss, trismus, and infection.
30.premature eruption
Premature eruption of teeth can occur before the normal eruption time due to familial patterns or endocrine disorders affecting the thyroid, adrenals, or gonads. Typically only one or two teeth, most commonly the mandibular central incisors, erupt early and may be mobile. Delayed eruption can be caused by systemic conditions like rickets or local factors such as dense gingival tissue that prevents eruption, resulting in partially impacted teeth, deviations in eruption path, or pseudo anodontia. Extraction of premature teeth followed by space maintenance is often used to allow for normal eruption of permanent teeth.
27.dentine dysplasia
Dentine dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal dentin formation and pulp morphology. There are two main types - Shield Type I, which affects the roots and causes extremely small, translucent teeth with excessive mobility. Shield Type II affects both the roots and crowns, resulting in differences in tooth color and normal root size. Radiographs reveal short, conical roots with obliterated pulp chambers and canals for Shield Type I, and a "thistle tube" appearance with multiple pulp stones for Shield Type II. Proper oral hygiene and endodontic treatments are recommended for management.
26.dentinogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the dentin and manifests in several subtypes. Shield type I is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta and causes fragile bones and blue sclera. Teeth appear blue, brown, or yellowish-brown. Shield type II is a more severe form of Shield type I but is not associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Shield type III causes thin enamel and dentin, opalescent and bell-shaped teeth, and multiple pulp exposures. Radiographs show tooth attrition, constricted cervical portions, obliterated pulp chambers, and periapical radiolucencies without pulpal involvement. Diagnosis is based on rapid enamel loss and attrition
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8.cleidocranial dysplasia
- 2. Aetiology • It appears as a true dominant Mendelian characteristic • incomplete penetrance of genetic trait
- 3. Clinical features • Primarily affects skull, clavicle and dentition • shoulder meet in midline • head is brachycephalic or wide and short • lacrimal and zygomatic bone are also underdeveloped • sagittal suture is characteristically sunken, giving skull flat appearance • nasal bridge is depressed with a broad base
- 4. Oral manifestation • Micrognathia • maxilla is underdeveloped and is smaller than normal, in relation to mandible • prognathism • prolonged retention of primary dentition and delayed eruption of permanent dentition • high narrow arched palate and cleft palate may be common • Crown may be pitted because of enamel hypoplasia
- 5. Radiographic features • Skull film reveals open sutures • malformation and absence of clavicles • prolonged retention of primary teeth • presence of supernumerary teeth usually in anterior region • small underdeveloped jaw • roots of teeth are short and thinner than normal
- 6. Diagnosis • Meeting shoulder in the midline is typical feature of cleidocranial dysplasia • supernumerary teeth, open sutures and absence of clavicle
- 7. Management • Management of skull and clavicle anomalies – there is no treatment is required for this anomaly • dental care – supernumerary teeth, they should be extracted