31.embedded and impacted teeth
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Embedded teeth are unerupted teeth due to a lack of eruptive forces, while impacted teeth are prevented from erupting by a physical barrier. Common causes include lack of space, tooth rotation, and systemic diseases. Third molars are most frequently affected, and complications can arise like dentigerous cysts, periodontal infections near impacted teeth, and resorption of adjacent tooth roots. Surgical exposure or removal may be required to address problems caused by impacted teeth, with potential short-term complications including sensory loss, trismus, and infection.
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Ankylosis is the fusion of a tooth root to the alveolar bone due to lack of periodontal ligament space. It occurs most commonly in deciduous teeth, especially the mandibular second molar, as a result of root resorption followed by fusion to the bone. This prevents normal exfoliation of deciduous teeth and impaction of the permanent successor. Ankylosis can be caused by local metabolic changes, trauma, infection or abnormal tongue pressure. Clinically, ankylosed teeth appear sunken, lack mobility, and percussion elicits a solid sound. Radiographically, there is partial or complete absence of the periodontal ligament space and lamina dura. Treatment depends on
unerupt canine
This dental record is for a 16-year-old male student undergoing orthodontic treatment. The patient had an impacted canine tooth that was exposed using a diode laser. The laser settings included a 600 micron fiber, average power of 2.5 watts in gated/pulse mode, and peak power of 5 watts. Pre-operation and 2 weeks post-operation photos are included.
canine impaction
Maxillary canine impaction is a common orthodontic problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach. Impacted canines can occur for localized reasons such as arch length discrepancies or systemic/genetic factors. Treatment involves surgical exposure followed by orthodontic alignment and may require prolonged retention. Factors such as canine position, available space, and patient age influence the specific treatment approach and prognosis.
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A rare condition affecting the primary and permanent by dr ibrahim
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Treatment and management of impacted canine with speed appliance
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Maxillary canine impaction / oral surgery courses /certified fixed orthodon...
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MANDIBULAR IMPACTIONS 1.ppt
The document discusses the surgical anatomy of the mandibular third molar region. It describes the thick lateral bone and convex alveolar process medially. The mylohyoid ridge continues posteriorly towards the third molar. Behind the third molar is the retromolar triangle, bounded by lingual and buccal crests. Lateral to this is the retromolar fossa. The retromolar canal and foramen, present in around 25% of individuals, transmits neurovascular branches through this region. The inferior alveolar canal contains the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels below the third molar area.
Principles, indications and contraindications of removal of
This document discusses the principles, indications, and contraindications of removing impacted teeth. It defines an impacted tooth as one that fails to erupt into the dental arch within the expected time. Common causes of impacted teeth and which teeth are most likely to become impacted are described. Indications for removing impacted teeth include preventing periodontal disease, dental caries, pericoronitis, root resorption, issues under dental prosthetics, cysts/tumors, jaw fractures, facilitating orthodontic treatment, and obstruction of normal tooth eruption or unexplained pain. Classification systems for impacted teeth include describing the angulation, relationship to the ramus, and relationship to the occlusal plane.
Impacted teeth / Dr.sarah alkhateeb
Impacted tooth is the tooth that has been failed to erupt partially or completely in its correct position in the dental arch or its eruption potential has been lost
All the details about this lecture in my channel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZ66xpoQ5rc&t=28s
Dento Alveolar Fractures
Dento-alveolar fractures involve avulsion, subluxation or fracture of the teeth associated with a fracture of the alveolus. They are commonly caused by road traffic accidents or falls and more frequently affect the maxillary central incisors in children. Treatment depends on the complexity and location of the injury, with goals of preserving damaged teeth when possible through splinting or endodontic treatment. Management may include extraction, repositioning displaced teeth, and repair of soft tissue or alveolar bone injuries.
Lec 1 impaction
The document discusses impacted teeth, focusing on impacted third molars. It defines impacted and malposed teeth and lists the most common impacted teeth. It describes causes of impaction including lack of space and abnormal development. Indications for removal of impacted lower third molars include interference with orthodontic treatment, resorption of adjacent teeth, and infection. Classification systems for impacted lower third molars include Winter & Kruger and Pell and Gregory based on angulation and depth. Clinical and radiographic exams are important, and surgical techniques like incisions, bone removal, and tooth sectioning are covered. Postoperative care and complications are also outlined.
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THIS PRESENTATION BASED ON INTRODUCTION OF IMPACTED TOOTH AND TREATMENT OF MANDIBULAR IMPACTED TOOTH AND COMPLICATIONS OF ITS
Chapter 35: Interpretation of Trauma, Pulpal Lesions, and Periapical lesions
This document provides an overview of how trauma, pulpal lesions, and periapical lesions appear on dental images. It describes various types of trauma such as fractures, luxations, and avulsions and how they present radiographically. It also discusses pulpal lesions including resorption, sclerosis, obliteration and stones. Finally, it outlines common periapical lesions like granulomas, cysts, abscesses and radiopacities including condensing osteitis, sclerotic bone and hypercementosis. The document uses dental terminology and images to illustrate the radiographic presentation of these conditions.
Tooth resorption
Tooth resorption is the progressive loss of dentine and cementum by the action of osteoclasts. This is a physiological process in the exfoliation of the primary dentition, caused by osteoclast differentiation due to pressure exerted by the erupting permanent tooth
Impacted Teeth
This document provides an overview of the management of impacted third molars and maxillary canines. It discusses the causes and prevalence of impacted teeth, classifications of impactions, indications and contraindications for extraction, surgical procedures, and complications. Impacted third molars are the most common impacted teeth, with mandibular molars more prevalent than maxillary. Classification systems describe angulation, depth of impaction, and root morphology. Extraction is indicated for pathology but not for asymptomatic teeth. Surgical procedures involve exposure, bone removal if needed, tooth sectioning or elevation, and closure. Post-operative issues may include pain, swelling, and nerve injury.
Dental tooth nomenclature
This PPT contains tooth nomenclature, Notation System, needs of operative dentistry, Caries nomenclature, Non carious lesion
6-Dento-alveolar fractures.ppt
Dentoalveolar fractures involve injuries to teeth and supporting alveolar bone. They commonly present as a displaced tooth segment with tooth mobility and occlusal issues. Dentoalveolar fractures are classified based on the type of dental injury (crown, root, avulsion) and whether alveolar bone is involved. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the injury, with goals of preserving the damaged tooth. Management may include repositioning displaced teeth, splinting, root canals, or extraction. Soft tissue injuries like lacerations are also managed by cleaning and repairing damaged areas.
Trauma
Traumatic dental injuries can occur from accidents or sports and affect the mouth. The most common injury is a broken or lost tooth. Different types of injuries include concussions without displacement, subluxations with loosening but no displacement, displacements with the tooth moved out of position, and avulsions with the tooth completely removed from the socket. Mandibular fractures can be simple, compound, comminuted, or greenstick. Maxillary fractures include Le Fort I, II, and III patterns. Tooth wear can occur from abrasion, attrition, erosion, abfraction, or iatrogenic causes. Reimplanted avulsed teeth should be soaked in Hanks balanced salt solution if out of the socket less than
Minor oral surgery.
Minor oral surgery procedures include trans alveolar extractions and removing impacted teeth. Impacted teeth fail to erupt into the dental arch due to issues like lack of space, obstruction, or malpositioning. Impacted third molars can be difficult to remove depending on their position, depth, orientation, and root morphology. A thorough clinical and radiographic examination is needed to assess difficulty and plan the surgery appropriately. Complications are minimized by using proper surgical techniques like raising a mucoperiosteal flap to provide access and visibility while preserving the blood supply.
Abnormalities of teeth
The document discusses various abnormalities and developmental alterations that can occur in teeth. It covers defects in enamel formation like enamel hypoplasia and fluorosis. It also discusses post-developmental structural loss through processes like attrition, abrasion, and erosion. Other topics include discoloration of teeth from extrinsic and intrinsic factors, localized disturbances in eruption, and developmental defects affecting tooth number, size, shape and structure. Specific conditions discussed in more depth include dentinogenesis imperfecta, amelogenesis imperfecta, and dental fluorosis. Treatment options for some of these conditions are also mentioned.
Impacted teeth
Definition, Etiology, Classification, Indications and Contraindications for removal, Jaw lesions associated with impacted teeth, Management
Occlusion diseases
1) Occlusal disease is a deformation or disturbance of the structures within the masticatory system, including the teeth, TMJs, and muscles, that are out of equilibrium.
2) It is a common cause of tooth loss and need for restorative dentistry. It can also cause discomfort, pain, tooth sensitivity, hypermobility, and fractures.
3) Occlusal disease results from stress, friction, and corrosion on the teeth from factors like bruxism, exogenous agents like acid, and occlusal interferences that overload the teeth. It often goes undiagnosed until severe damage occurs.
Preventive prosthodontics
This document discusses preventive prosthodontics at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. At the primary level, prevention includes oral hygiene, fluoride application, diet counseling, and protective devices like mouthguards. The secondary level focuses on early detection and treatment of issues like occlusal interferences, bruxism, and sleep apnea. Tertiary prevention aims to limit disability through complex treatments, rehabilitation with prosthetics, and carefully timed extractions to prevent ridge resorption.
Physical injuries of oral cavity.pptx
This document discusses various types of physical and chemical injuries that can occur in the oral cavity. It covers traumatic injuries including fractures, luxations and avulsions of teeth. It also discusses injuries to the supporting structures of teeth such as concussions, subluxations and ankylosis. Soft tissue injuries from factors like linea alba, toothbrush trauma, traumatic ulcers and cotton roll injuries are explained. Specific conditions like traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia, Riga-fede disease and angina bullosa hemorrhagica affecting the oral soft tissues are also summarized. Storage media for avulsed teeth and classification systems for different types of tooth fractures are highlighted.
Exodontia (Extraction)
Tooth extraction, also called exodontia, is the removal of teeth from their socket in the jawbone. There are two main methods: intra-alveolar extraction using forceps to remove the tooth through the socket, and trans-alveolar extraction which requires raising a bone flap and removing bone around the roots before extracting. Tooth extraction is indicated for severe dental caries, periodontal disease, pulp or bone pathology, orthodontic reasons like crowding, prosthetic needs, impacted teeth causing issues, supernumerary teeth, teeth fractured with jaw fractures, or aesthetic reasons. Contraindications include uncontrolled local or systemic infections, previous radiation therapy, or uncontrolled medical conditions.
Trauma to teeth and facial structures / dental implant courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Principles, indications and contraindications of removal of
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Chapter 35: Interpretation of Trauma, Pulpal Lesions, and Periapical lesions
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17.ectodermal dysplasia
Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of inherited diseases where two or more ectodermally derived structures are underdeveloped. It can be inherited in autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked patterns. Clinical features include sparse, fine hair and eyebrows, a saddle nose appearance, heat intolerance, and absence of sweat glands. Oral manifestations include missing teeth (oligodontia or anodontia), a high palate, and possible cleft palate. Radiographs show absence of teeth and a thin, less vertical alveolar process. Dentures and dental implants can be used to manage the condition for functional and cosmetic purposes.
15.arhinencephaly
Arhinencephaly is a rare developmental abnormality where part of the brain called the olfactory portion is either absent or deficient, resulting in abnormalities of the skull and face. It can cause problems with smell, breathing, and feeding. Individuals with arhinencephaly may have a flat face, widely spaced eyes, and underdeveloped nasal cavities.
14.chondroectodermal dysplasia
Chondroectodermal dysplasia, also known as Ellis van Creveld syndrome, is a congenital disorder characterized by short limbs, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and congenital heart defects. Key features include small, conical teeth that erupt early, sparse hair and absent nails, as well as bone deformities of the knees and chest wall abnormalities. Radiographs show short finger bones and distinctive tooth shapes. Treatment focuses on surgical correction of physical abnormalities like harelip.
10.mandibulofacial dysostosis
Mandibulofacial dysostosis is a genetic condition caused by the failure of neural crest cells to migrate properly during facial development. It is characterized by underdeveloped bones and tissues of the midface and jaw. Common features include a small lower jaw, high arched palate, cleft palate, unusually large mouth, downward slanted eyes, and varying degrees of vision problems and tooth abnormalities. Treatment focuses on cosmetic surgery to improve facial structure and hearing.
8.cleidocranial dysplasia
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by incomplete penetrance that primarily affects the skull, clavicles, and dentition. Key features include a brachycephalic skull with sunken sutures and depressed nasal bridge, absence or malformation of clavicles causing shoulders to meet in the midline, retained primary teeth and delayed permanent tooth eruption, and supernumerary teeth. Radiographs show open skull sutures, absence or malformation of clavicles, and dental anomalies. Diagnosis is based on the shoulder meeting in the midline and dental and skeletal features. Management focuses on dental care including extraction of supernumerary teeth while skull and clavicle anomalies require no
7.hemi maxillofacial dysplasia
Hemi-maxillofacial dysplasia is a condition characterized by painless unilateral enlargement of the maxillary bone and fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva. It most commonly affects younger patients and may be associated with other conditions like Becker's nevus. Radiographs show thickened, vertically oriented trabeculae in the maxilla giving it a granular appearance, along with a smaller maxillary sinus on the affected side. The diagnosis is based on clinical features of unilateral maxillary enlargement and gingival hyperplasia along with radiographic findings. Treatment involves orthodontic therapy and potentially orthognathic surgery.
1.definitions
This document defines several genetic terms: congenital means present at birth but not necessarily inherited; hereditary means apparent at birth but may not show for years; autosomal dominant inheritance affects every person with an affected parent and is transmitted to offspring; autosomal recessive only affects siblings and has a 1 in 4 chance in siblings; X-linked dominant exhibits higher in females due to twice as many X chromosomes and females transmit to half offspring; X-linked recessive is much higher in males than females.
5.facial hemihypertrophy
Facial hemihypertrophy is a condition where one side of the face and sometimes parts of the body are enlarged. It can be caused by endocrine dysfunction, genetic factors, vascular abnormalities, or neurogenic malformations. Clinically, it involves enlargement of structures on one side of the face like the eyelids, cheeks, lips, and bones. Radiographs show bone and tooth enlargement on the affected side. Diagnosis is made by noticing facial asymmetry clinically and seeing bone and tooth enlargement on imaging. Management focuses on cosmetic repair through procedures like soft tissue reduction, face lifts, and jaw surgery.
3.micrognathia
Micrognathia is a condition where the jaw, most commonly the mandible, is severely deficient. There are two types - apparent micrognathia which is an illusion and true micrognathia where the jaw is actually small. True micrognathia can be congenital or acquired and is associated with other birth defects or injuries from forceps delivery or ankylosis. Clinical features include a retracted middle face, retruded chin, and steep mandibular angle with the jaw being too small to feed properly in infants. Management may involve orthognathic surgery.
4.macrognathia
Macrognathia refers to an abnormally large jaw, which can be caused by conditions like pituitary gigantism, Paget's disease of bone, or acromegaly in adults. Clinical features of macrognathia include mandibular protrusion, an enlarged mandible, a gummy smile showing excessive gums, a prominent chin button, and a less steep angle between the ramus and body of the mandible. Treatment may involve osteotomy to decrease the length of the mandible followed by orthodontic treatment.
2.agnathia
Agnathia is a rare condition where one or both jaws are totally absent. It can cause the upper face to appear normal while the lower face skin continues into the neck area. The tongue may be rudimentary while ears can be deformed. Though difficult, surgical reconstruction should be carried out to reconstruct the jaws.
6.facial hemiatrophy
Facial hemiatrophy, also known as Parry Romberg syndrome, is characterized by slowly progressive wasting of the soft tissues on half of the face. Key features include a white line furrow on one side of the face near the midline, thinning of tissues under the skin including fat, cartilage, and bone, and a sharp line of demarcation between normal and affected skin resembling a scar. Radiographic imaging reveals reduction in the size of bones on the affected side of the face compared to the unaffected side. There is no known cause, and treatment involves surgical reconstruction and orthodontic management.
41.resorption of teeth
Tooth resorption is the chronic damage or loss of tooth structure caused by odontoclast cells. It can occur physiologically or pathologically. External resorption occurs when odontoclasts are in the periodontal ligament, while internal resorption happens when they are located in the dentine pulp.
40.abfraction
Abfraction is the loss of tooth structure caused by flexure from occlusal stresses on the teeth. It typically affects the buccal or labial cervical areas, presenting as wedge-shaped lesions with sharp line angles. Abfraction results from eccentric forces during occlusion that weaken the tooth's ability to withstand stresses, especially when combined with erosion or abrasion, leading to tissue loss over time.
39.erosion
Erosion is the chemical process of tooth substance loss without bacterial involvement. It occurs when tooth surfaces are exposed to acids from intrinsic sources like gastric reflux or vomiting, or extrinsic sources like acidic foods and beverages. Clinical features include smooth lesions on the front teeth surfaces that cause hypersensitivity. Radiographs may show radiolucent defects in the crown. Management involves diet control, fluoride use, changing brushing habits, and restorations or systemic treatment depending on the cause of erosion.
38.abrasion
Abrasion is the pathological wearing away of tooth substance caused by external abrasive agents. It can be caused by abrasive dentifrices, horizontal tooth brushing with heavy pressure, occupational or ritual abrasion, or dental floss or toothpicks. Clinically, abrasion appears as V-shaped lesions on exposed tooth roots and causes sensitivity as dentin is exposed. Radiographically, abrasion shows as radiolucent defects at the cervical level of teeth with increasing density borders that are semi-lunar in shape. Management involves modifying teeth cleaning habits, removing the cause, and performing restorations.
37.attrition
Physiological attrition is the wearing away of teeth due to normal tooth contact during chewing. It helps maintain a proper crown-to-root ratio and allows for third molar eruption. Pathological attrition occurs due to abnormalities like abnormal chewing habits, coarse foods, or structural defects. Clinical features include polished facets on tooth surfaces and a gradual reduction in cusp height. Radiographs show shortened crowns and thickened secondary dentin. Management focuses on habit correction, treating malocclusions, and addressing sensitivity issues.
36.premature exfoliation
Premature exfoliation of teeth can be caused by genetic conditions like papillon Lèfevre's syndrome, nutritional disorders such as hypophosphatasia and cycling neutropenia, or other diseases including histiocytosis and acrodynia. Clinically, it results in bone loss around teeth and the loosening, migration, and spontaneous loss of teeth. The only management is to address the underlying etiological factors causing premature exfoliation when possible.
35.ectopic eruption
Ectopic eruption occurs when teeth erupt in abnormal locations, not their normal positions. Large teeth or a small jaw can cause this, as well as local developmental issues. Teeth may erupt lingually rather than normally, and can cause root resorption or premature loss if they become locked in place. Management involves using brass looped wires to guide teeth into proper positions.
33.transposition
A tooth transposition occurs when two teeth exchange their normal positions, most often involving the permanent canine and lateral incisor. Radiographs are useful for recognizing this condition by showing an unusual sequence of teeth. Impacted teeth in the wrong positions can be surgically exposed and prosthetically altered under local anesthesia to improve function.
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31.embedded and impacted teeth
- 1. Embedded and impacted teeth
- 2. General information Embedded teeth are those which are unerupted, unusually because of lack of eruptive forces Impacted teeth are those prevented from erupting by some physical barrier in eruption path
- 3. Aetiology Lack of space rotation systemic disease like osteoporosis, ectodermal dysplasia, rickets and cretinism cyst and tumours trauma
- 4. Clinical features Most commonly third molars are affected Dentigerous cyst may be associated Periodontal pocket formation and subsequent infections may occur Impacted tooth may cause resorption of roots of adjacent teeth Cyst and tumours may form
- 5. Management Surgical exposure – it depends upon the tooth involved. Surgical removal – it is done when impacted tooth is causing problems to the patient Complication – it includes transient and permanent sensory loss, trismus, infection, fracture an injury to adjacent tooth