This document discusses arithmetic operations and conversions using the 8085 microprocessor. It includes algorithms and programs for 8-bit addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also covers sorting algorithms to find the ascending and descending order of numbers, and algorithms to find the minimum and maximum numbers in a data set. Additionally, it explains programs that demonstrate the rotate instructions RLC, RRC, RAL, and RAR. Finally, it provides examples of conversions between ASCII, hexadecimal, and BCD codes.

1. Arithmetic operations using 8085
(8 bit addition,8 bit subtraction,8 bit multiplication,8 bit division)
ALGORITHM FOR 8-BIT ADDITION:
1. Start the program.
2. Load the first data in the accumulator.
3. Move the content of A to B register.
4. Load the second data in the accumulator.
5. Initialize the carry with zero.
6. Add the content of B register to the accumulator.
7. If the carry is “0” then store the result in address which is specified.
8. If the carry is “1” then increment the C register and store the result.
9. Stop the program
FLOW CHART FOR 8 BIT ADDITION:

2. DATA CHECK MAP FOR 8 BIT ADDITION:
MEMORY ADDRESS
DATA 1
(WITHOUT
CARRY)
DATA 2
(WITH
CARRY)
INPUT
8200H
8201H
05
04
FF
03
OUTPUT
8300H(SUM)
8301H(CARRY)
09
00
02
01
PROGRAM FOR 8-BIT ADDITION:
MEMORY LABEL MNEMONICS OPCODE COMMENTS
8500 START LDA 8200H
8503 MOV B,A
8504 LDA 8201H
8507 MVI C,00
8509 ADD B
850A JNC LOOP1
850D INR C
850E LOOP1 STA 8300H
8511 MOV A,C
8512 STA 8301H
8515 STOP HLT
FLOW CHART FOR 8 BIT SUBTRACTION:

3. ALGORITHM FOR 8 BIT SUBTRACTION:
1. Start the program.
2. Load the first data in the accumulator.
3. Move the content of A to B register.
4. Load the second data in the accumulator.
5. Subtract the content of B register from the accumulator.
6. If the borrow is “0” then go to step 7.
7. Store the result.
8. Stop the program.
DATA CHECK MAP FOR 8 BIT SUBTRACTION:
MEMORY
ADDRESS
DATA 1
(WITHOUT BORROW)
DATA 2
(WITH BORROW)
INPUT
8200H
8201H
OUTPUT
8300H
8301H
PROGRAM FOR 8 BIT SUBTRACTION:

4. MEMORY LABEL MNEMONICS OPCODE COMMENTS
8500 START LDA 8200H
8503 MOV B,A
8504 LDA 8201H
8507 MVI C,00
8509 SUB B
850A JNC LOOP1
850D INR C
850E LOOP1 STA 8300H
8511 MOV A,C
8512 STA 8301H
8515 STOP HLT
FLOW CHART FOR 8 BIT MULTIPLICATION:
ALGORITHM FOR 8-BIT MULTIPLICATION:
 Start the program.
 Load the first data into the accumulator.
 Move the content of accumulator to the B register.

5.  Load the second data into the accumulator.
 Move the content of accumulator to the C register.
 Decrement the content of B register by one.
 Add the C register content with accumulator.
 Decrement the content of B register & then repeat the steps 7 & 8.
 Else store the result in the memory location mentioned.
 Stop the program.
DATA CHECK MAP FOR 8 BIT MULTIPLICATION:
MEMORY
LOCATION
DATA1 DATA 2
INPUT 8200H
8201H
OUTPUT 8300H(Reminder)
8301H(Quotient)
PROGRAM FOR 8 BIT MULTIPLICATION:
MEMORY LABEL MNEMONICS OPCODE COMMENTS
8500 START LDA 8200H
8503 MOV D,A
8504 LDA 8201H
8507 MOV B,A
8508 DCR D
8509 MVI C,00
850B L2 ADD B
850C JNC 8510 (L1)
850F INR C
8510 L1 DCR D
8511 JNZ 850B (L2)
8514 STA 8300
8517 MOV A,C
8518 STA 8301
851B HLT
FLOW CHART FOR 8 BIT DIVISION:

6. ALGORITHM FOR 8 BIT DIVISION:
 Start the program.
 Load the first data in the accumulator.
 Move the content from memory address to A register and increment the HL pair.
 Move the content from memory address to B register & initialize the C register.
 Compare the 8 bit instructions in A and B registers. Subtract B register from
accumulator & increment the value in C register.
 Increment the HL pair and move the content in accumulator to memory.
 Stop the program.

7. DATA CHECK MAP FOR 8 BIT DIVISION:
MEMORY
LOCATION
DATA1 DATA 2
INPUT 8200H
8201H
OUTPUT 8301(Reminder)
8302(Quotient)
PROGRAM FOR 8 BIT DIVISION:
MEMORY LABEL MNEMONICS OPCODE COMMENTS
8500 START LDA 8200
8503 MOV D,A
8504 LDA 9201
8507 MVI C,00
8509 L1 SUB D
850A INR C
850B CMP D
850C JNC 8509(L1)
850F STA 8300
8512 MOV A,C
8513 STA 9301
8516 HLT
PROGRAM WITH 8085-ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER
ALGORITHM: (ASCENDING ORDER)
1. Get the numbers to be sorted from the memory locations.
2. Compare the first two numbers and if the first number is larger than second then

8. interchange the number.
3. If the first number is smaller, go to step 4.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the numbers are in required order.
RESULT OF ASCENDING ORDER :
MEMORY
LOCATION
INPUT 8100-15
8101-05
8102-25
8103-10
8104-20
OUTPUT 8100-05
8101-10
8102-15
8103-20
8104-25
PROGRAM: (ASCENDING ORDER)
ADD
RESS
OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
8000 MVI B,04 Comparison of N-1 Numbers(5Nos)
8002 LOOP 3 LXI H,8100
8005 MVI C,04
8007 LOOP2 MOV A,M
8008 INX H
8009 CMP M
800A JC LOOP1(8012)
800D MOV D,M
800E MOV M,A
800F DCX H
8010 MOV M,D
8011 INX H
8012 LOOP1 DCR C
8013 JNZ LOOP2(8007)

9. 8016 DCR B
8017 JZ LOOP3(8002)
801A HLT
ALGORITHM :( DESCENDING ORDER)
1. Get the numbers to be sorted from the memory locations.
2. Compare the first two numbers and if the first number is SMALLER than second
then interchange the number.
3. If the first number is LARGER, go to step 4.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the numbers are in required order.
RESULT OF DESCENDING ORDER :
MEMORY LOCATION
INPUT 8100-15
8101-05
8102-25
8103-10
8104-20
OUTPUT 8100-25
8101-20
8102-15
8103-10
8104-05
PROGRAM: (DESCENDING ORDER)
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
8000 MVI B,04
Comparison of N-1
Numbers(5Nos)
8002 LOOP3 LXI H,8100
8005 MVI C,04
8007 LOOP2 MOV A,M
8008 INX H
8009 CMP M
800A JNC LOOP1(8012)
800D MOV D,M
800E MOV M,A

10. 800F DCX H
8010 MOV M,D
8011 INX H
8012 LOOP1 DCR C
8013 JNZ LOOP2(8007)
8016 DCR B
8017 JZ LOOP3(8002)
801A HLT
PROGRAM WITH 8085- MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM NUMBER
IN A GROUP OF DATA (Smallest & Largest number )
ALGORITHM :( SEARCH THE MINIMUM NUMBER)

11. 1. Place all the elements of an array in the consecutive memory locations.
2. Fetch the first element from the memory location and load it in the accumulator.
3. Initialize a counter (register) with the total number of elements in an array.
4. Decrement the counter by 1.
5. Increment the memory pointer to point to the next element.
6. Compare the accumulator content with the memory content (next element).
7. If the accumulator content is smaller, then move the memory content (largest
element) to the accumulator. Else continue.
8. Decrement the counter by 1.
9. Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the counter reaches zero
10. Store the result (accumulator content) in the specified memory location.
RESULT OF SEARCH THE MINIMUM NUMBER:
MEMORY
LOCATION
DATA1 DATA 2
INPUT 8100
8101
8102
8103
8104
25
10
05
30
15
2B
5F
4D
3C
1A
OUTPUT 8200 05 1A
PROGRAM: (SEARCH THE MINIMUM NUMBER)-SMALLEST NUMBER
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
8000 LXI H,8100H
8003 MOV B,05 Comparison of 5 Nos
8005 DEC B
8006 MOV A,M
8007 LOOP1 INX H
8008 CMP M
8009 JC AHEAD(800D)
800C MOV A,M
800D AHEAD DCR B
800E JNZ LOOP1(8007)
8011 STA 8200H
8014 STOP HLT
ALGORITHM :( SEARCH THE MAXIMUM NUMBER)
1. Place all the elements of an array in the consecutive memory locations.
2. Fetch the first element from the memory location and load it in the accumulator.

12. 3. Initialize a counter (register) with the total number of elements in an array.
4. Decrement the counter by 1.
5. Increment the memory pointer to point to the next element.
6. Compare the accumulator content with the memory content (next element).
7. If the accumulator content is smaller, then move the memory content (largest element) to
the accumulator. Else continue.
8. Decrement the counter by 1.
9. Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the counter reaches zero
10.Store the result (accumulator content) in the specified memory location.
RESULT OF SEARCH THE MAXIMUM NUMBER(Largest Number)
MEMORY
LOCATION
DATA1 DATA 2
INPUT 8100
8101
8102
8103
8104
25
10
05
30
15
2B
5F
4D
3C
1A
OUTPUT 8200 30 5F
PROGRAM: (SEARCH THE MAXIMUM NUMBER)-Largest number
ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
8000 LXI H,8100H
8003 MOV B,05 Comparison of 5 Nos
8005 DEC B
8006 MOV A,M
8007 LOOP1 INX H
8008 CMP M
8009 JNC AHEAD(800D)
800C MOV A,M
800D AHEAD DCR B
800E JNZ LOOP1(8007)
8011 STA 8200H
8014 STOP HLT
STUDY OF ROTATE INSTRUCTION

13. AIM:
To rotate and execute an assembly language program to perform instruction.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8085 kit
2. Power chord
ALGORITHM:
Program using RLC:
1. Start the program
2. Load the input and add them
3. Then the input values are rotated using RLC
4. Stop the program
Program using RRC:
1. Start the program
2. Load the input and add them
3. Now the input is rotated using RRC
4. Stop the program
Program using RAL:
1. Start the program
2. Load the input and add them
3. Then the input is rotated using rotate accumulator left through carry
4. Stop the program
Program using RAR:
1. Start the program
2. Load the input data and add them
3. Then the input is rotated using rotate the accumulator right through carry
4. Stop the program

14. PROGRAM USING RLC:
Memory
address
Mnemonics Opcode Comments
8100 LXI H,8500
8103 MOV A,B
8104 INX H
8105 ADD M
8106 RLC
8107 STA 8600
810A HLT
Program using RRC:
Memory
address
Mnemonics Opcode Comments
8100 LXI H,8500
8103 MOV A,M
8104 INX H
8105 ADD M
8106 RRC
8107 STA 8600
810A HLT
Program using RAL:
Memory
Address
Mnemonics Opcode Comments
8100 LXI H,8500
8103 MOV A,M
8104 INX H
8105 ADD M
8106 RAL
8107 STA 8600
810A HLT
PROGRAM USING RAR:
Memory
Address
Mnemonics Opcode Comments
8100 LXI H,8500
8103 MOV A,M
8104 INX H
8105 ADD M
8106 RAR
8107 STA 8600
810A HLT
RLC:
INPUT OUTPUT

15. Memory
address
Data Memory
address
data
RRC:
INPUT OUTPUT
Memory
address
data Memory
address
data
RAL:
INPUT OUTPUT
Memory
address
data Memory
address
data
RAR:
INPUT OUTPUT
Memory
address
data Memory
address
data
Hex / ASCII / BCD code conversions

16. i. ASCII to Hexa ii. Hexa to ASCII iii.BCD to Hexa iv. Hexa to BCD
A) ASCII to Hexa Decimal Conversion:
Memory
address
Label Mnemonics Opcode Comments
8100 LDA 8200
8103 SUI 30
8105 CPI 0A
8107 JC LOOP
810A SUI 07
810C LOOP STA 8300
810F HLT
INPUT OUTPUT
Memory address Data Memory address Data
8200 41 8300 0A
B) Hexa Decimal TO ASCII Conversion:

17. Memory
address
Mnemonics Opcode Comments
8100 LDA 8200
8103 MOV B,A
8104 ANI 0F
8107 CALL LOOP
8108 STA 8201
8109 MOV A,B
810C ANI F0
810D RLC
810E RLC
810F RLC
8112 RLC
8113 CALL LOOP
8115 STA 8202
8117 HLT
LOOP: CPI 0A
JC LOOP2
ADI 07
LOOP2: ADI 30
RET
INPUT: 8200-E4(hexa value)
OUTPUT:8201-34(ASCII code for 4)
8202-45(ASCII code for E)
C) BCD to HEX conversion:

18. Memory
address
Mnemonics Opcode Comments
8100 LXI H,8200
MOV A,M
ADD A
MOV B,A
ADD A
ADD A
ADD B
INX H
ADD M
INX H
MOV M,A
HLT
INPUT: 8200-02(MSD) 8201-09(LSD)
OUTPUT:8202-1DH
D) HEXA TO BCD CONVERSION:
Memory
address
LABEL Mnemonics Opcode Comments

19. 8100 LXI H,8200
MOV D,00
XRA A
MOV C,M
LOOP 2: ADI 01
DAA
JNC LOOP1
INR D
LOOP1: DCR C
JNZ LOOP2
STA 8300
MOV A,D
STA 8301
HLT
INPUT: 8200-FF
OUTPUT: 8300-55(LSB) 8301-02(MSB)
8 CHANNEL ADC INTERFACE with 8085
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the 26pin FRC to kit and insert power cable.
2. Switch ON the trainer kit.
3. Check all 8 channel input’s and measure it.
4. Enter the given ADC program into the MP/MC kit.
5. If the channel selection is pb2 to pb0 [0 0 0] the CH0 will connect to the MUX output
line. Now we get to CH0 corresponding digital value see in LCD. Similarly CH0 to

20. CH7are connected to the MUX output line based on the status of the channel selection
for pb2to pb0.
6. Execute the program.
7. Now check stepno.3
8. Repeat the steps 3 and 5. Observe the multiplexer output and ADC output
TRUTH TABLE CHANNEL SELECTION:
INPUT CHANNEL
SELECTION
HEX
VALUEPB2 PB1 PB0
0 0 0 CHANNEL 0 00
0 0 1 CHANNEL 1 01
0 1 0 CHANNEL 2 02
0 1 1 CHANNEL 3 03
1 0 0 CHANNEL 4 04
1 0 1 CHANNEL 5 05
1 1 0 CHANNEL 6 06
1 1 1 CHANNEL 7 07
ADC CALCULATION:
Calculate 1count value.
V.REF*2/digital count = 1count
2.5v*2/256 = .0195313v = 19mv
Calculate voltage vs digital count.
[E:g]
2500mv/19mv = 131.57895
Decimal value Hexadecimal value
131.57895 83
PROGRAM:
8500 3E 90 MVI A, 90 ; CONTROL WORD FOR PORT A AS I/P
; PORT B AND PORT C AS O/P

21. 8502 D3 23 OUT 23 ; OUT IT IN CONTROL REG
8504 3E 40 MVI A, 04 ; CHANNEL SELECTION DATA
8506 D3 21 OUT 21 ; PORT B
8508 3E FF MVI A, FF
850A D3 22 OUT 22 ; PORT C IS ENABLED FOR O/P
850C 3E 00 MVI A, 00 ; START OF CONVERSION
850E D3 22 OUT 22
8510 3E FF MVI A, FF
8512 D3 22 OUT 22
8514 CD 1A 85 CALL 851A ; DELAY ROUTINE
8517 DB 20 IN 20 ; END OF CONVERSION PORTA AS I/P
8519 CF RST 1 ; BREAK POINT
851A 06 0F MVI B, 0F ; DELAY COUNT
851C 3E FF MVI A, FF
851E 00 NOP
851F 00 NOP
8520 3D DCR A
8521 C2 1E 85 JNZ 851E
8524 05 DCR B
8525 C2 1C 85 JNZ 851C
8528 C9 RET ; RETURN TO MAIN PROGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
ADC INTERFACE

22. INTERFACING 8279 WITH 8085 MICROPROCESSOR
(KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY INTERFACE)
KEYBOARD PROGRAME FOR 8085:
9000 3E 12 MVI A, 12

23. 9002 32 01 60 STA 6001
9005 3E 3E MVI A, 3E
9007 32 01 60 STA 6001
900A 3E A0 MVI A, A0
900C 32 01 61 STA 6001
900F 06 08 MVI B, 08
9011 3E 00 loop: MVI A, 00
9013 32 00 60 STA 6000
9016 05 DCR B
9017 C2 11 90 JNZ loop
901A 3A 01 60 L1:LDA 6001
901D E6 07 ANI 07
901F CA 1A 90 JZ L1
9022 3A 00 60 LDA 6000
9025 E6 3F ANI 3F
9027 CF RST 1
DISPLAY PROGRAME FOR 8085:
8500 3E 12 MVI A,12 ; control word to define 8279
; In 8 bit 8 character display
8502 32 01 61 STA 6001 ; 8279 control port
8505 3E 3E MVI A,3E ; for frequency division into 8279
8507 32 01 60 STA 6001 ; into 8279 control reg.
850A 3E A0 MVI A,A0 ; display/write inhibit
850C 32 01 60 STA 6001 ; into 8279
850F 06 08 MVI B,08
8511 3E 00 MVI A,00 ;clear the display
8513 32 00 60 L1: STA 6000
8516 05 DCR B

24. 8517 C2 13 85 JNZ L1
851A 0E 06 MVI C,06
851C 21 00 90 LXI H,9000 ;Input code starting address
851F 7E L2: MOV A,M
8520 32 00 60 STA 6000
8523 23 INX H
8524 0D DCR C
8525 C2 1F 85 JNZ L2
8523 CF RST 1
INPUT CODE ADDRESS:
1ST
Digit  9000
2ND
Digit  9001
3RD
Digit  9002
4TH
Digit  9003
5TH
Digit  9004
6TH
Digit  9005
PORT DETAILS FOR 8086:
DATA REGISTER  FF50
STATUS REGISTER  FF52
16 Keys are arranged in 4 X 4 matrix. Their scan codes are as follows:
Row 4 - top row of keys (column 1 to 4)  24 23 22 21
Row 3 - (column 1 to 4)  1C 1B 1A 19
Row 2 - (column 1 to 4)  14 13 12 11
Row 1 - bottom row of keys (column 1 to 4)  0C 0B 0A 09
a
f b
g

25. e c
h
d
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
D C b a e f g h

26. INTERFACING 8253/8254(TIMER/COUNTER) WITH 8085
Working Description:
Enter the program in to the trainer kit. Then give the clock input to the selected Counter.
Now run the program and view the output of the selected counter. The user can give his input to
the CLK0 or CLK1 or CLK2 from the PCLK through a wire connector. They can view the
output pulses in out 0, out 1, out 2 pins.
The I/O address for 8085:
Counter 0 - 4000
Counter 1 - 4001
Counter 2 - 4002
Control reg - 4003
Steps:
Enter the program into the kit.
Connect the PCLK and CLK2 through a wire connecter.
Now execute the program.
Now see the output waveform on the OUT2.

27. ASYNCHRONOUS MODE:

28. PROGRAM FOR 8085
PROGRAM 1:
9000: 3E 37 MVI A, 37 ; cntrl word for 8253.counter 0 is selected
9002: 32 03 40 STA 4003 ; cntrl reg
9005: 3E F7 MVI A, F7 ; LSB of the frequency divider
9007: 32 00 40 STA 4000 ; out it in counter 0
900A: 3E 00 MVI A, 00 ; MSB of the frequency divide
900C: 32 00 40 STA 4000 ; out it in counter 0
900F: CF RST 1 ; end
Note: A change in the value of MSB and LSB causes the change in frequency of
Counter 0
PROGRAM 2:
9000: 3E 77 MVI A, 77 ; cntrl word for 8253.counter 1 is selected
9002: 32 03 40 STA 4003 ; cntrl reg
9005: 3E F7 MVI A, F7 ; LSB of the frequency divider
9007: 32 01 40 STA 4001 ; out it in counter 1
900A: 3E 00 MVI A, 00 ; MSB of the frequency divider
900C: 32 01 40 STA 4001 ; out it in counter 1
900F: CF RST 1 ; end
Note: A change in the value of MSB and LSB causes the change in frequency of
Counter 1
PROGRAM 3:
9000: 3E B7 MVI A, B7 ; cntrl word for 8253.counter 2 is selected
9002: 32 03 40 STA 4003 ; cntrl reg
9005: 3E F7 MVI A, F7 ; LSB of the frequency divider
9007: 32 02 40 STA 4002 ; out it in counter 2
900A: 3E 00 MVI A, 00 ; MSB of the frequency divider
900C: 32 02 40 STA 4002 ; out it in counter 2
900F: CF RST 1 ; end

29. Note: A change in the value of MSB and LSB causes the change in frequency of
Counter 2
Time Period Amplitude
Counter 0
Counter 1
Counter 2

30. DAC INTERFACE
Aim:
PORT DETAILS FOR 8085:
8255 control register address - 23H
8255 Port A address - 20H
8255 Port B address - 21H
8255 Port C address - 22H
DAC PROGRAM FOR 8085:
User can give the 8-bit digital data IP at 8501, user can view the output at DAC OP, which is
from 2nd
pin of DAC (0800), Measure the output voltage using digital Multimeter.
8500 3E80 MVI A, 80h ; CNTRL WORD
8502 D3 23 OUT 23 ; CONTROL REG
8504 3E 00 MVI A,00h ; DIGITAL INPUT DATA1
8506 D3 20 OUT 20h
8508 3E 80 MVI A, 80h ; DIGITAL INPUT DATA 2
850A D3 21 OUT 21
850C 3E 00 MVI A, 00h ; DAC SELECTION DATA
(00 OR 01)
850E D3 22 OUT 22
8510 CF RST 1
CALCULATION:
1 count (decimal) = VCC / 256
= 5/ 256
= 0.0196v

31. Output:
Digital input output voltage
00 0.0
19 0.5
33 1.0
4C 1.5
66 2.0
7f 2.5
99 3.0
B2 3.5
CC 4.0
E5 4.5
FF 5.0
WORKING PROCEDURE FOR DAC :
 Connect the 9 pin D type connector from the DAC module to the Mp/Mc kit.
 Connect the 26-pin connector from the DUAL CHANNEL DAC module to Mp/Mc kit.
 Connect the keyboard to the Mp/Mc kit.
 Switch on the power supply.
 Assemble your program.
 Execute it and measure the output voltage at the front panel of the DAC module.
 Vary the digital count, execute the program and measure the output analog voltage.
 Take number of readings and if required draws the graph, DAC input count Vs output
voltage to check the linearity.
 Switch off the power supply and remove all the connections.

32. 8251 INTERFACE USART
PROGRAM FOR 8085:
TRANSMIT PROGRAM:
8500 06 55 MVI B, 55 ; Byte to Be TX in B1 Reg 'U'
8502 CD 1D 85 CALL 851D ; Init the counter1to generate
2400 Baud Rate
8505 TXLOOP:
8505 78 MOV A, B ; B - contain the byte to be TX.
8506 CD 0C 85 CALL 850C ; TX one byte to PC
8509 C3 05 85 JMP 8505
850C TXBYTE:
850C CD 4D 85 CALL 854D
850F 47 MOV B, A ; save the byte
8510 LOOOP:
8510 3A 01 60 LDA 6001 ; get the status byte
8513 E6 01 ANI 01 ; check the ready bit
8515 CA 10 85 JZ 8510
8518 78 MOV A, B ; restore the byte to a mode reg
8519 32 00 60 STA 6000 ; TX the byte
851C C9 RET
851D BAUDINIT:
851D 3E 77 MVI A, 77 ; counter1 is selected
851F D3 13 OUT 13 ; out DX, AL
8521 3E 78 MVI A, 78 ; count LSB
8523 D3 11 OUT 11 ; counter1 Reg
8525 3E 00 MVI A, 00
8527 D3 11 OUT 11 ; count MSB
8529 00 NOP
852A 00 NOP

33. 852B 3E 00 MVI A, 00 ; Dummy word
852D 32 01 60 STA 6001 ; Status Register
8530 32 01 60 STA 6001
8533 32 01 60 STA 6001
8536 3E 40 MVI A, 40 ; Reset word
8538 32 01 60 STA 6001
853B CD 4D 85 CALL 854D
853E 3E 4E MVI A, 4E ; 01 00 11 10
8540 32 01 60 STA 6001 ;onestop bit,noparity, 8bits char
; TXC/16 baud
8543 00 NOP
8544 00 NOP
8545 3E 27 MVI A, 27 ; enable TX
8547 32 01 60 STA 6001
854A 00 NOP
854B 00 NOP
854C C9 RET
854D DELAY:
854D 1E 04 MVI E, 04
854F D4:
854F 16 FF MVI D, FF
8551 D3:
8551 00 NOP
8552 00 NOP
8553 00 NOP
8554 00 NOP
8555 00 NOP
8556 00 NOP
8557 00 NOP
8558 15 DCR D
8559 C2 51 85 JNZ 8551
855C 1D DCR E

34. 855D C2 4F 85 JNZ 854F
8560 C9 RET
RECEIVER PROGRAM:
8500 CD 13 85 CALL 8513 ;initthecounter1togenerate2400Baud Rate
8503 CD 07 85 CALL 8507
8506 CF RST 1
8507 RXBYTE:
8507 WWW:
8507 3A 01 60 LDA 6001 ;check with the receive over flag
850A E6 02 ANI 02
850C CA 07 85 JZ 8507
850F 3A 00 60 LDA 6000 ; Get the Received Byte
8512 C9 RET
8513 BAUDINIT:
8513 3E 77 MVI A, 77 ; counter1 is selected
8515 D3 13 OUT 13 ; out DX, AL
8517 3E 78 MVI A, 78 ; count LSB
8519 D3 11 OUT 11 ; counter1 reg
851B 3E 00 MVI A, 00
851D D3 11 OUT 11 ; count MSB
851F 00 NOP
8520 00 NOP
8521 3E 00 MVI A, 00 ; Dummy word
8523 32 01 60 STA 6001 ; Status register
8526 32 01 60 STA 6001
8529 32 01 60 STA 6001
852C 3E 40 MVI A, 40 ; Reset word
852E 32 01 60 STA 6001
8531 CD 43 85 CALL 8543
8534 3E 4E MVI A, 4E
8536 32 01 60 STA 6001
8539 00 NOP
853A 00 NOP

35. 853B 3E 27 MVI A, 27 ; enable TX
853D 32 01 60 STA 6001
8540 00 NOP
8541 00 NOP
8542 C9 RET
8543 DELAY:
8543 1E 04 MVI E, 04
8545 D4:
8545 16 FF MVI D, FF
8547 D3:
8547 00 NOP
8548 00 NOP
8549 00 NOP
854A 00 NOP
854B 00 NOP
854C 00 NOP
854D 00 NOP
854E 15 DCR D
854F C2 47 85 JNZ 8547
8552 1D DCR E
8553 C2 45 85 JNZ 8545
8556 C9 RET

36. TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER
Program:
PPI: equ 20h ;top 8255 address (in vik-85L kit)
ORG 9000H
MVI A,80H ;ALL PORTS AS O/P
OUT PPI+3
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
;FOR STARTING VEHICLES N-S DIRECTION(STARIGHT)&PEDESTRIAN STOPPING
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
CONTINUE:
MVI A,0FH ;FOR PEDESTRIAN
OUT PPI+1 ;SIGNAL
MVI A,4DH ;FOR GREEN LEDS IN N-S
OUT PPI ;DIRECTION
CALL DELAY ;SEQUENCE DELAY
CALL AMBER ;AMBER DELAY
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
;FOR STOPING VEHICLES IN N-S DIRECTION & STARTING IN E-W DIRECTION
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
;FOR STOPPING N-S SIDES&
MVI A,8BH ;STARTING E-W SIDES
OUT PPI
CALL DELAY ;SEQUENCE DELAY
CALL AMBER ;AMBER DELAY
;-----------------------------------------------------------------

37. ;FOR STARIGHT RIGHT TURN IN N-S SIDES& STOPING E-W SIDES
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
MVI A,4DH ;FOR FREE LEFT IN ALL SIDES
OUT PPI ;& STOPPING IN E-W SIDES
;FOR RIGHT TURN IN N-S SIDES
MVI A,0 ;NO RIGHT TURN FROM SOUTH & FROM NORTH
OUT PPI+2
CALL DELAY ;SEQUENCE DELAY
MVI A,0 ;FOR AMPER
OUT PPI+2 ;SIGNAL
CALL AMBER ;FOR AMPER DELAY
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
;STOPING RIGHT TURN IN N-S SIDES & STARTING RIGHT TURN IN E-W SIDES
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
MVI A,8BH ;FOR STOPPING VEHICLES
OUT PPI ;IN N-S SIDES ;
;FOR RIGHT TURN IN
MVI A,0 ;E-W SIDES; NO RIGHT FROM EAST AND WEST
OUT PPI+2
CALL DELAY ;SEQUENCE DELAY
MVI A,0
OUT PPI+2
MVI A,30H
OUT PPI
MVI B,4
CALL DELAYSUB ;FOR AMBER DELAY
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
;FOR STARTING PEDESTRIAN
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
MVI A,0C0H ;FOR STOPPING VEHICLE
OUT PPI ;IN ALL SIDES
;GREEN SIGNAL FOR

38. MVI A,0F0H ;PEDESTRIAN
OUT PPI+1
MVI B,10H ;DELAY FOR PEDESTRIAN
CALL DELAYSUB
MVI A,30H
OUT PPI
MVI B,8
CALL DELAYSUB ;AMBER DELAY
JMP CONTINUE
AMBER:
;FOR AMBER SIGNAL
MVI A,39H ;IN ALL SIDES
OUT PPI
MVI B,8H ;DEALY COUNT
CALL DELAYSUB
RET
DELAY:
MVI B,40H ;DELAY COUNT FOR GREEN&
CALL DELAYSUB ;RED SIGNALS
RET
DELAYSUB:
;DELAY ROUTINE
;R1 * .5SEC
BACK2:
MVI C,0FFH
BACK1:

39. MVI A,0FFH
BACK:
NOP
DCR A
JNZ BACK
DCR C
JNZ BACK1
MOV A,B
ORA B
JZ OUT
DCR B
JNZ BACK2
OUT: RET