The document discusses cell biology and genetics concepts. It begins by defining key terms like cell, cell theory, and the two main types of cells - prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It then describes several organelles found in animal and plant cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell membrane. It next summarizes Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that discovered the principles of heredity and genetics, including dominant and recessive traits. In the last section, it provides word problems applying concepts of cell biology, genetics, and ratios.

1. 1. A(n) _____ is the
• smallest unit that
• can perform all life
• processes.
• (core Biology 1.3)
• a. cell
• b. tissue
• c. organ
• d. organ system

2. Standards 8.5.2 & 8.5.3
Bert wants to paint his garage with two coats of a special preservative
paint. The dimensions of his garage is given below. Each quart of
paint will cover 7 square meters of area and costs 8.50 per quart.
2. (1pt) What is the area of Bert’s garage that will be painted?
3. (1pt) What is the minimum number of quarts of paint Bert will need?
4. (1pt) How much will it cost to paint Bert’s garage?
Area triangle = ½ b h A = w x l

3. BACTERIA A DIVIDES EVERY 20 MINUTES. BACTERIA
B DIVIDES AT A FASTER RATE.
AT THE END OF ONE HOUR THERE ARE 50% MORE
BACTERIA B THAN BACTERIA A. 5. (1PT) HOW MANY
BACTERIUM B ARE THERE? (7.NS.5 & 7.NS.8)

4. 7.3.1 Explain that all living organisms
are composed of one cell or multiple
cells and that the many functions
needed to sustain life are carried out
within cells.
7.3.3 Explain that, although the way
cells function is similar in all living
organisms, multicellular organisms
have specialized cells whose
specialized functions are directly
related to their structure.

5. 7.3.4 Compare and contrast
similarities and differences among
specialized sub cellular
components within plant and
animal cells (including organelles
and cell walls

6. Cell – the smallest un i t
that can perform all
life’s processes

7. Cell theory
1. All living things are made of
one or more cells
2. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function
in organisms
3. All cells arise
from existing
cells

8. Two types of Cells
1. Prokaryote –lacks a nucleus and other
internal compartments DNA is a
single loop have a cell wall
bacteria
Flagellum allows
Bacteria to move

9. 2. Eukaryotic Cell – c e ll with a nucleus
have organelles
Plant & animal
cells

10. Two types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant
Animal

11. Animal Cell

12. Organelle – one of small bodies in a
cell’s cytoplasm that are specialized to
perform a specific function

13. Nucleus –the organelle that contains the
cell’s DNA and is the control center of the
cell – found in nuclear membrane
DNA – the genetic material you inherit
from your parents - contains
information that controls
your traits
(eye color, hair color etc. )
codes for proteins
DNA located on
chromosomes

14. 1. (1pt) What is the only organelle found
inside of the nuclear membrane?
a. Mitochondria
b. Nucleus
c. Lysosome
d. ribosome

15. Standards 8.5.2 & 8.5.3
Bert wants to paint his garage with two coats of a special preservative
paint. The dimensions of his garage is given below. Each quart of
paint will cover 6 square meters of area and costs $7.50 per quart.
2. (1pt) What is the area of Bert’s garage that will be painted?
3. (1pts) What is the minimum number of quarts of paint Bert will
need?
4. (1pts) How much will it cost to paint Bert’s garage?
Area triangle = ½ b h A = w x l

16. BACTERIA A DIVIDES EVERY 15 MINUTES. BACTERIA
B DIVIDES AT A SLOWER RATE.
AT THE END OF ONE HOUR THERE ARE 50% LESS
BACTERIA B THAN BACTERIA A. HOW MANY
BACTERIUM B ARE THERE? (7.NS.5 & 7.NS.8)

17. 7.3.1 Explain that all living organisms
are composed of one cell or multiple
cells and that the many functions
needed to sustain life are carried out
within cells.
7.3.3 Explain that, although the way
cells function is similar in all living
organisms, multicellular organisms
have specialized cells whose
specialized functions are directly
related to their structure.

18. 7.3.4 Compare and contrast
similarities and differences among
specialized sub cellular
components within plant and
animal cells (including organelles
and cell walls

19. Cell membrane – pro t ective barrier that
encloses a cell which separates the cell
from its environment – controls
movement of materials in and out of
cell

20. Mitochondria – orga n elle that breaks
down food to make energy for the cell
Mitochondria has own DNA which is
inherited from mother

21. Cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria
Sugar + oxygen → energy (ATP) + carbon dioxide + water
Cellular Respiration

22. Cytoplasm – the fluid inside the
cell – includes all organelles
except nucleus

23. Endoplasmic Reticulu m (ER) – system of
internal membranes that move proteins
and other substances through the cell

24. Golgi apparatus – membrane-bound sacs
that serves as a packaging and
distribution center for proteins they receive
from the ER.

25. lysosome A membrane-bounded organelle which
contains digestive enzymes. It acts as the "garbage
disposal" of the cell by breaking down cell components
that are no longer needed as well as molecules or even
bacteria that are ingested by the cell.

26. Ribosome – make proteins for the cell

27. Plant Cell

28. Plant cells have all the structures that
animal cells have plus 3 structures that
animal cells do not have
cell wall
chloroplast

29. Plant cells have 3 structures that
animal cells do not
1. cell wall
a rigid structure that
surrounds the cell membrane
and provides support for
the
cell

30. Plant cells have 3 structures that animal
cells do not
2. Chloroplast – organelle where
photosynthesis takes place
Chlorophyll – the green pigment inside
the chloroplast that traps the sun’s
energy for use in photosynthesis

31. 1. (1pt) The _____is the cellular organelle
that converts food into a form of
energy the cell can use. (core std. B
1.3)
a. nucleolus b. mitochondrion
c. ribosome d. chloroplast

32. Standards 8.5.2 & 8.5.3
Bert wants to paint his garage with two coats of a special preservative
paint. The dimensions of his garage is given below. Each quart of
paint will cover 8 square meters of area and costs 10.50 per quart.
2. (1pt) What is the area of Bert’s garage that will be painted?
3. (2pts) What is the minimum number of quarts of paint Bert will
need?
4. (2pts) How much will it cost to paint Bert’s garage?
Area triangle = ½ b h A = w x l

33. BACTERIA A DIVIDES EVERY 15 MINUTES. BACTERIA
B DIVIDES AT A FASTER RATE.
AT THE END OF ONE HOUR THERE ARE 75% MORE
BACTERIA B THAN BACTERIA A. HOW MANY
BACTERIUM B ARE THERE? (7.NS.5 & 7.NS.8)

34. 7.3.1 Explain that all living organisms
are composed of one cell or multiple
cells and that the many functions
needed to sustain life are carried out
within cells.
7.3.3 Explain that, although the way
cells function is similar in all living
organisms, multicellular organisms
have specialized cells whose
specialized functions are directly
related to their structure.

35. 7.3.2 Understand tha t water is a major
component within all cells and is
required to carry out many cellular
functions.

36. Cell membrane – a phospholipid layer
that covers a cell’s surface and acts as
a barrier between the inside of a cell
and the cells environment

37. PHOSPHOLIPID is a lipid that contains phosphorous
and is a structural component of the cell membrane
LIPID a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water (fats and
steroids)
Fats store energy

38. Phospholipid – a lipid made of a phosphate
group and 2 fatty acids
Lipid bilayer – basic structure of membrane
composed of 2 layers of phospholipids
polar – attracted to water
nonpolar – repelled by water

39. The arrangement of the phospholipids in
the lipid bilayer makes the cell membrane
selectively permeable

40. DIFFUSION movement of high concentration to low
`concentration Allows materials to move in and out of cell
http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html
Untitled Document
OSMOSIS diffusion of water
Important because cells are mostly water (down concentration gradient)

41. Water will move from high concentration of WATER to
low concentration of WATER. Put a cell in pure
water- water will move into the cell causing it to swell

43. During passive transport (facilitated diffusion) particles
are moved across the cell membrane through ion
channels
Carrier protein – binds to a molecule allowing
molecules (sugars) to pass

44. 1. (1pt) A bacterium that lost its flagella
would be unable to ___. (7.3.1)
a. move
b. divide
c. make proteins
d. maintain its shape

45. Standards 8.5.2 & 8.5.3
Bert wants to paint his garage with two coats of a special preservative
paint. The dimensions of his garage is given below. Each quart of
paint will cover 5 square meters of area and costs 9.50 per quart.
2. (1pt) What is the area of Bert’s garage that will be painted?
3. (1pt) What is the minimum number of quarts of paint Bert will need?
4. (1pt) How much will it cost to paint Bert’s garage?
Area triangle = ½ b h A = w x l

46. BACTERIA A DIVIDES EVERY 10 MINUTES. BACTERIA
B DIVIDES AT A SLOWER RATE.
AT THE END OF ONE HOUR THERE ARE 50% LESS
BACTERIA B THAN BACTERIA A. 5. (1PT) HOW MANY
BACTERIUM B ARE THERE? (7.NS.5 & 7.NS.8)

47. 7.3.1 Explain that all living organisms
are composed of one cell or multiple
cells and that the many functions
needed to sustain life are carried out
within cells.
7.3.3 Explain that, although the way
cells function is similar in all living
organisms, multicellular organisms
have specialized cells whose
specialized functions are directly
related to their structure.

48. 7.3.7 Describe how various organs and
tissues serve the needs of cells for
nutrient and oxygen delivery and waste
removal.

50. process in which cell membrane surrounds
and encloses large particle to bring into cell

51. ENDOCYTOSIS continued
Endocytosis and Exocytosis

52. the process by which a cell releases a large particle
by enclosing it in a vesicle

53. EXOCYTOSIS continued
Exocytosis and Endocytosis

54. Sodium-potassium pump is one of the most important
active transport systems in cell. Sodium pumped out
of cell against gradient potassium pumped into cell
against gradient cells use to keep potassium in cell
and get rid of sodium

55. PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Animations
javascript:changePages('dif_mov.htm','dif_text1.htm');
the movement of materials across the movement of materials
across
cell membrane without using cell membrane that uses
energy energy (ATP)
Concepts in Biochemistry - Interactive Animations

56. Receptor proteins in the cell membrane
bind to signal molecules in the blood
stream which allows the cell to respond
to signals from other cells in the body

57. Cilia or flagella – hair like structures that allow one
celled Protista (protists) to move
Protists – are eukaryotes that are not plant, animal
or fungi

58. 1. (1pt) I am the barrier between the
inside and the outside of the cell.
I allow food, oxygen, and
other needed materials
to enter the cell. I am
a part of animal and
plant cells. What am I?
(core Biology B 1.2)
a. cell membrane b. cell wall
c. cytoplasm d. lipid bilayer

59. Standards 8.5.2 & 8.5.3
Bert wants to paint his garage with two coats of a special preservative
paint. The dimensions of his garage is given below. Each quart of
paint will cover 6 square meters of area and costs 11.50 per quart.
2. (1pt) What is the area of Bert’s garage that will be painted?
3. (2pts) What is the minimum number of quarts of paint Bert will
need?
4. (2pts) How much will it cost to paint Bert’s garage?
Area triangle = ½ b h A = w x l

60. BACTERIA A DIVIDES EVERY 10 MINUTES. BACTERIA
B DIVIDES AT A SLOWER RATE.
AT THE END OF TWO HOURS THERE ARE 50% LESS
BACTERIA B THAN BACTERIA A. 5. (1PT) HOW MANY
BACTERIUM B ARE THERE? (7.NS.5 & 7.NS.8)

61. 6. (1PT) Which is true of
scientific theories? ( std.
7.NS.1)
a. they are replaceable
b. the are unchangeable
c. they are unchallenged
d. they are guesses

62. 7.3.6 Explain that after fertilization a small
cluster of cells divides to form the basic
tissues of an embryo and further develops
into all the specialized tissues and organs
within a multicellular organism.

63. GREGOR MENDEL the
father of genetics
Mendel discovered the
principles of heredity while
studying pea plants
• mendel

64. HEREDITY
The passing of
genetic traits
from parent
to offspring

65. HEREDITY – passing traits from parent to offspring
↓
GREGOR MENDEL – discovered principles of
heredity while studying pea plants
↓
used pea plants because they were self-pollinating
↓
SELF-POLLINATING – plants have both female and
male parts (can fertilize itself)
↓
self-pollinating plant leads to true breeding plant
(purebred)
↓

66. TRUE BREEDING PLANT – one where all the offspring
have same characteristics as parent
↓
CHARACTERISTIC – is a feature that has different
forms
↓
TRAITS – the different forms of a characteristic

67. ↑ self-pollination
CROSS-POLLINATION
pollen from one
plant fertilizes
flower of another
plant

68. MENDEL’S first experiment
(crossed true breeding plants
with different traits
)
Mendel's Peas
http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Mendel/MendelMenu.html

69. Mendel used true-breeding plants
for seven characteristics
(in this case
seed shape)
Mendel's Peas
http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Mendel/MendelMenu.html
Process called
Selective breeding

70. RATIO –is a relationship between two
numbers Continuum Javascript Ratio Calculator
Of the 7 characteristics Mendel
studied there was a fixed ratio
between the recessive and
dominant trait in the 2nd generation

72. 1. (1pt) Which of the following scientists
discovered the principles of heredity by
studying pea plants. (std. 8.3.3)
a. Charles Darwin
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Gregor Mendel
d. Marie Curie
e. Leroy Jenkins!!!!

73. Standards 8.5.2 & 8.5.3
Bert wants to paint his garage with two coats of a special preservative
paint. The dimensions of his garage is given below. Each quart of
paint will cover 6 square meters of area and costs 11.50 per quart.
2. (1pt) What is the area of Bert’s garage that will be painted?
3. (1pt) What is the minimum number of quarts of paint Bert will need?
4. (1pt) How much will it cost to paint Bert’s garage?
Area triangle = ½ b h A = w x l

74. BACTERIA A DIVIDES EVERY 30 MINUTES. BACTERIA
B DIVIDES AT A FASTER RATE.
AT THE END OF THREE HOURS THERE ARE 50% MORE
BACTERIA B THAN BACTERIA A. 5. (1PT) HOW MANY
BACTERIA B ARE THERE? (7.NS.5 & 7.NS.8)

75. 7.3.6 Explain that after fertilization a small
cluster of cells divides to form the basic
tissues of an embryo and further develops
into all the specialized tissues and organs
within a multicellular organism.

76. MENDEL’S first experiment
(crossed true breeding plants
with different traits
)
Mendel's Peas
http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Mendel/MendelMenu.html

77. Mendel used true-breeding plants
for seven characteristics
(in this case
seed shape)
Mendel's Peas
http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Mendel/MendelMenu.html
Process called
Selective breeding

78. RATIO –is a relationship between two
numbers Continuum Javascript Ratio Calculator
Of the 7 characteristics Mendel
studied there was a fixed ratio
between the recessive and
dominant trait in the 2nd generation

80. 1st experiment
Mendel crossed true-breeding
purple flower with true-breeding
white flower

81. This cross called
First generation plants
All first generation plants had
purple flowers. White flowers
disappeared in 1st generation

82. The trait that appeared in the 1st
generation was DOMINANT
The trait that disappeared in 1st
generation was RECESSIVE

83. Mendel used true-breeding plants
for seven characteristics
(in this case
seed shape)
Mendel's Peas
http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Mendel/MendelMenu.html
Process called
Selective breeding

84. A dominant trait (alleles) always shows up in the
organism when that trait (alleles) is present
A recessive trait (allele) is hidden whenever the
dominant allele is present

85. Identify and describe the difference
between inherited traits and the
physical and behavioral traits that
are acquired or learned.
Giant Redwoods

86. A cquired traits
manners
hair style
language
scars
Inherited traits
eye color
hair color
blood type
dimples Liger