The document discusses the creation and management of local area networks (LANs), outlining various network types, benefits, and principles. It covers essential networking concepts including device types, transmission models, and OSI layers, as well as aspects of data flow, protocols, and addressing. Key focus areas include peer-to-peer and client-server models, types of networks such as WANs and WLANs, and technology for data transmission and security.

2. Local Area Network

3. Warriors of Net

4. Objective
To achieve the competency
in creating and managing
Local Area Network.

5. Scope
 Creation of Local Area Network with
MS desktop operating systems.
 Creation of Local Area Network with
MS Server & MS desktop operating
systems.
 Sharing Files, Peripherals & Internet.
 Over View of IIS, Terminal services,
Remote Network.
 Resource & Network Management.

6. What is Networking?

7. Principles of Networking
 Networks are systems
that are formed by
links.
 People use different
types of networks every
day.

8. Computer Networks
 A computer network is
a collection of hosts
connected by
networking devices
such as
• Computers,
• Printers,
• Scanners,
• File and print servers.

9. Benefits of Computer Networking
 Some benefits from
networking includes:
• Fewer peripherals needed
• Increased communication
capabilities
• Avoid file duplication and
corruption
• Lower cost licensing
• Centralized administration

10. Types of Computer Networking
 A computer network is
identified by:
• The type of media used to
connect the devices
• The type of networking
devices used
• How the resources are
managed
• How the network is organized
• How the data is stored
• The area it serves

11. Types of Computer Network
 LAN: A group of interconnected
computers under one administrative
control group.
 WAN: A networks that connects LANs
in Geographically separated locations.
 WLAN: Group of wireless devices that
connect to access points within a
specified area.
 MAN: metropolitan area network falls
in middle of LAN and WAN, It covers
large span of physical area than LAN
but smaller than WAN, such as a city.
 SAN: Storage area network connects
servers to data storage devices .
 CAN: Campus Area Network

12. Types of Computer Network Link
Network devices link together using
mainly following connections:
Copper cabling
Fiber-optic cabling
Wireless connection

13. Physical Types of Networks
(Peer-to-Peer)
 Peer-to-peer networks:
Peer-to-peer is a communications model in which
each party has the same capabilities and either
party can initiate a communication session.

14. Physical Types of Networks
(Client -Server)
 In a client/server model, the client requests
information or services from the server. The
server provides the requested information or
service to the client.

15. Multiple Servers for Services
Directory Services Server
Database Server
Mail Server
File and Print Server

16. BUS Network
Terminator
Segment
Terminator

17. STAR Network
Hub

18. Ring Network

19. Mesh Network

20. Hybrid Network
Bus
Star Bus
Star Ring

21. Network Hardware
Outer shield
Insulation (PVC, Teflon)
Conducting core
Copper wire mesh or
aluminium sleeve
Coaxial Cable

22. Network Hardware
For Coaxial Cable
BNC cable connector
BNC T connector
Terminator

23. Network Hardware
UTP Cable

24. Network Hardware
STP Cable

25. Network Hardware
Connector & Jack for UTP Cable

26. Network Hardware

27. Network Hardware
Fiber-optic cable
Fiber-optic connector
Optical fiber (core) Glass cladding
Protective outer sheath
(jacket)

28. Network Hardware
Wireless Network Cards

29. Network Hardware
Data Flow through NIC

30. Network Driver

31. Network Driver
Virtual communications
Virtual communications

32. Bandwidth
 Bandwidth is the amount of data that can
be transmitted within a fixed time period.
 Bandwidth is measured in bits per second
and is usually denoted by the following:
•bps - bits per second
•Kbps - kilobits per second
•Mbps - megabits per second

33. Latency
 Latency is the amount of time it takes data to travel from
source to destination.

34. Data Transmission Modes
 Data is transmitted in one of
three modes:
• Simplex (Unidirectional
transmission) is a single, one-
way transmission.
• Half-duplex allows data to
flow in one direction at a time.
• Full-duplex allows data to
flow in both directions at the
same time.

35. CSMA/CD
Characteristics Description
Access Method CSMA/CD
Transfer Speed
Standard Ethernet – 10 Mbps
Fast Ethernet – 100 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)
Detects signalTransmits signal Collision detected

36. Hubs & Repeaters
Transmits data to
all connected computers
Transmits data to all connected
computers in a star topology
Repeater
Hub

37. Hub

38. Hub

39. Bridges
Bridge

40. Switches
Switch

41. Switch

42. Switch

43. Wi-Fi Access Point

44. Routers
RouterRouter
RouterRouter

45. OSI Layers
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer

46. OSI Layers –
Responsibilities:
anything not provided by any of the other layers
Issues:
application level protocols
appropriate selection of “type of service”
Application Layer

47. OSI Layers –
Responsibilities:
data encryption
data compression
data conversion
Many protocol suites do not include a Presentation Layer.
Presentation Layer

48. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibilities:
establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between
applications.
Many protocol suites do not include a session layer.
Session Layer

49. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibilities:
provides virtual end-to-end links between peer
processes.
end-to-end flow control
Issues:
headers
error detection
reliable communication
Transport Layer

50. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibilities:
path selection between end-systems (routing).
subnet flow control.
fragmentation & reassembly
translation between different network types.
Issues:
packet headers
virtual circuits
Network Layer

51. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibility:
provide an error-free communication link
Issues:
framing (dividing data into chunks)
header & trailer bits
Addressing
Responsibilities: MAC Sublayer
Medium Access Control - needed by mutiaccess networks.
MAC provides DLC with “virtual wires” on multiaccess networks.
10110110101 01100010011 10110000001
Data Link Layer

52. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
 Responsibility:
 transmission of raw bits over a communication
channel.
 Issues:
 mechanical and electrical interfaces
 time per bit
 distances
Physical Layer

53. OSI Layers – Hardware
HUB
SWITCHES
ROUTER

54. Simple Data Frame
Destination ID Control CRC
Sender ID Data

55. Packet Creation
Application Header
Presentation Header
Session Header
Transport Header
Network Header
Data Link Header
Frame Preamble
Data Link Trailer (CRC)
Data
Packet

56. Packet Creation & Transmission

57. Data Transmission
02608c428197
02608c036592
Destination Address
02608c428197
Control
Information Source Address
02608c036592

58. 02608c741965
Data Transmission
02608c428197
02608c036592
Destination Address
02608c428197
Source Address
02608c036592

59. Data Transmission
02608c428197

60. Types of Data Transmission
Unicast
Broadcast
Multicast

61. Internetworking Protocols
 Network Protocols are the
formal description of a set of
rules and conventions that
govern how devices on the
network layer (layer 3 of the
OSI model) exchange
information.
 Protocols provide the link by
which systems connected to
a network may talk to each
other
 For two end systems to talk
to each other, they must
effectively “speak the same
language”

62. Key Concerns Addressed by Protocols
 Syntax: data format, voltage levels and
bit encoding
 Controls: control information for
controlling network functions
 Timing: synchronization and flow control

63. Segmentation/Reassembly
 Data is segmented into
protocol data units (PDUs)
 Error control is more efficient
with smaller blocks of data

64. Encapsulation
 PDUs contain control
information as well
as the data handed
to it
 Attaching of control
information to the
head of a PDU is
known as
encapsulation

65. IP Address
Logical Addressing to identify
Computers and Network devices in
a Network.

66. IP Address
S.No Class Range Allocation
1 A 1 – 126 N.H.H.H
2 B 128 – 191 N.N.H.H
3 C 192 – 223 N.N.N.H
4 D 224 – 239 Not applicable
5 E 240 – 255 Not applicable
N=Network
H=Host

67. 67
192.168.1.0 192.168.3.0
192.168.1.100 192.168.2.101
192.168.2.100 192.168.3.100
192.168.2.0
192.168.1.100
IP
Address
Host ID
Network ID
IP Addressing

68. 68
Client
Connection Using
TCP/IP Protocol
Internet
Server
Text, Audio, Video,
and Graphics Data
Internet

69.  Electronic Mail (e-mail)
 World Wide Web (WWW)
 Chat
 Internet News
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Telnet
69
Internet
Internet Services

70. 70
Intranet
Extranet
Internet
Intranet & Extranet

71. 71
http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html
 URL (http://example.microsoft.com/tutorial/default.html)
 Protocol used (http://)
 DNS address (example.microsoft.com)
 Path on the server (/tutorial/default.html)
Uniform Resource Locator - URL

72.  HTTP
 HTTPS
 FTP
 SMTP
 Telnet
 SSH
 DNS
72
Internet
Server
Data
Client
Connection Using an
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocols

73. 73
Internet
Proxy Server
Authorized
Web Site
Restricted
Web Site
LAN
LAN
LAN
Proxy Servers

74. 74
LAN
LAN
LAN
Internet
Firewall
Authorized
User
Unauthorized
User
Firewalls

75. Any