Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin molecules that tend to aggregate and form rod-like structures after releasing oxygen, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape. Common signs and symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, jaundice, shortness of breath, and sudden episodes of pain throughout the body. Oral manifestations include an increased risk of gum disease, abnormally pale oral tissues, and glossitis. Proper oral hygiene, dental exams, and atraumatic dental procedures are important for oral care of sickle cell anemia patients.