This document discusses geosynthetics, which are manufactured polymeric materials used in civil engineering and geotechnical applications. It begins by defining geosynthetics and providing examples of their uses, such as in landfill liners and groundwater control projects. The document then discusses important characteristics and properties of geosynthetics, including physical, mechanical, hydraulic, degradation, and endurance properties. It describes the different types of geosynthetics, including geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, and geocomposites. The document focuses on geotextiles, providing details on common fibers used such as polypropylene and polyester. It also discusses woven and non-woven ge
This document reviews geosynthetics, which are synthetic materials used in civil engineering projects. There are eight main types of geosynthetics, including geotextiles, geogrids, and geomembranes. Geosynthetics have a variety of functions and applications, such as soil reinforcement, filtration, drainage, separation, and forming barriers. They have advantages like being economical and allowing faster construction. However, their long-term performance depends on factors like proper additives and quality control during manufacturing and installation. Overall, geosynthetics can strengthen soils and provide cost-effective solutions for various civil engineering construction needs.
Geotextiles are synthetic permeable textiles used in construction to improve soil properties. They are made from polymers like polypropylene and polyester and come in three main types: woven, non-woven, and knitted. Geotextiles have a variety of uses like in roads, drainage structures, and retaining walls. They provide separation, filtration, reinforcement, protection and drainage when used with soils. Textiles are also used extensively in building construction for applications like roofing, insulation, concrete reinforcement, facades, and interior construction. They offer advantages over traditional materials like lower weight and easier installation. Home textiles play an important role in interior furnishing by controlling mood, style and privacy while protecting from
Geo-synthetics are synthetic polymer products used in construction to provide separation, drainage, filtration, reinforcement and containment functions. They include planar structures like geotextiles, geomembranes and geogrids as well as three-dimensional structures like geocells. Common geo-synthetic materials are polypropylene, HDPE, polyester and PVC. They are widely used in roads, drainage works, erosion control, retaining walls and reinforced soil structures to provide long-term, cost-effective solutions with environmental benefits like pollution control and resource efficiency.
The document discusses geosynthetics, which are man-made materials used in civil engineering and construction projects. There are five main types of geosynthetics - geogrids, geomembranes, geonets, geotextiles, and related products. They serve six key functions, such as separation, drainage, reinforcement, protection, strengthening, and isolation. The document provides details on the materials, manufacturing, applications in areas like roads, railways, slopes, and benefits of using geosynthetics.
The document provides an overview of geosynthetics, including their definition, history, categories of products, functions, materials used, and applications. Some key points:
- Geosynthetics are man-made materials used in construction to improve soil properties and ground engineering works. They include geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, geonets, and related products.
- Though new, the concept of geosynthetics dates back to use of natural fibers like jute and coir for soil reinforcement. Today most are made from synthetic polymers.
- Geosynthetics serve functions like separation, drainage, reinforcement, protection, and filtration. Common applications include roads
This document provides an overview of geo-textiles, including what they are made of, their properties, functions, applications, advantages, and the major players in the global market. Geo-textiles are synthetic permeable textiles used in civil engineering to improve soil characteristics by separating, filtering, reinforcing, protecting, and draining soils. They are most commonly made from polypropylene and polyester due to availability and cost. Key functions include separation, drainage, filtration, and reinforcement for uses in roads, agriculture, and embankments. The global geo-textiles market is projected to have compound annual growth between 2017 and 2027.
This document reviews geosynthetics, which are synthetic materials used in civil engineering projects. There are eight main types of geosynthetics, including geotextiles, geogrids, and geomembranes. Geosynthetics have a variety of functions and applications, such as soil reinforcement, filtration, drainage, separation, and forming barriers. They have advantages like being economical and allowing faster construction. However, their long-term performance depends on factors like proper additives and quality control during manufacturing and installation. Overall, geosynthetics can strengthen soils and provide cost-effective solutions for various civil engineering construction needs.
Geotextiles are synthetic permeable textiles used in construction to improve soil properties. They are made from polymers like polypropylene and polyester and come in three main types: woven, non-woven, and knitted. Geotextiles have a variety of uses like in roads, drainage structures, and retaining walls. They provide separation, filtration, reinforcement, protection and drainage when used with soils. Textiles are also used extensively in building construction for applications like roofing, insulation, concrete reinforcement, facades, and interior construction. They offer advantages over traditional materials like lower weight and easier installation. Home textiles play an important role in interior furnishing by controlling mood, style and privacy while protecting from
Geo-synthetics are synthetic polymer products used in construction to provide separation, drainage, filtration, reinforcement and containment functions. They include planar structures like geotextiles, geomembranes and geogrids as well as three-dimensional structures like geocells. Common geo-synthetic materials are polypropylene, HDPE, polyester and PVC. They are widely used in roads, drainage works, erosion control, retaining walls and reinforced soil structures to provide long-term, cost-effective solutions with environmental benefits like pollution control and resource efficiency.
The document discusses geosynthetics, which are man-made materials used in civil engineering and construction projects. There are five main types of geosynthetics - geogrids, geomembranes, geonets, geotextiles, and related products. They serve six key functions, such as separation, drainage, reinforcement, protection, strengthening, and isolation. The document provides details on the materials, manufacturing, applications in areas like roads, railways, slopes, and benefits of using geosynthetics.
The document provides an overview of geosynthetics, including their definition, history, categories of products, functions, materials used, and applications. Some key points:
- Geosynthetics are man-made materials used in construction to improve soil properties and ground engineering works. They include geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, geonets, and related products.
- Though new, the concept of geosynthetics dates back to use of natural fibers like jute and coir for soil reinforcement. Today most are made from synthetic polymers.
- Geosynthetics serve functions like separation, drainage, reinforcement, protection, and filtration. Common applications include roads
This document provides an overview of geo-textiles, including what they are made of, their properties, functions, applications, advantages, and the major players in the global market. Geo-textiles are synthetic permeable textiles used in civil engineering to improve soil characteristics by separating, filtering, reinforcing, protecting, and draining soils. They are most commonly made from polypropylene and polyester due to availability and cost. Key functions include separation, drainage, filtration, and reinforcement for uses in roads, agriculture, and embankments. The global geo-textiles market is projected to have compound annual growth between 2017 and 2027.
“Study of Geosynthetics and use of Non – Woven Green Geocomposite Blanket for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses geosynthetics and their use in erosion control and slope protection for embankments. It defines geosynthetics as versatile materials made from natural or synthetic fibers that are used in geotechnical, marine, and environmental engineering to improve soil properties. Non-woven geocomposite blankets can be used as erosion control elements for embankment slopes. The document outlines the different types of geosynthetics and their functions, which include reinforcement, separation, filtration, drainage, barriers, and erosion control. It focuses on how geotextiles, geocells, and geocomposite blankets are mainly used for erosion control on slopes of railways, highways, and landfills to protect against erosion
Geotextiles are permeable textiles used in civil engineering applications to improve the performance of soils. They are made from natural fibers like jute or synthetic polymers like polypropylene and polyester. Geotextiles serve functions like separation, reinforcement, drainage, and filtration. They are used in applications such as roads, erosion control, retaining walls, and drainage systems. The properties and performance of geotextiles depend on factors like material composition, mechanical strength, permeability, and resistance to degradation. Polypropylene is commonly used due to its chemical resistance while polyester has better strength and creep resistance for demanding applications. The suitable fiber depends on the specific geotextile application and requirements.
1. Geotextiles are permeable geosynthetics made solely of textiles that are used in geotechnical engineering and construction as an integral part of structures and systems. They serve separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and sealing functions.
2. Geotextiles can be woven or nonwoven. Woven geotextiles have high strength in two directions and low elongation, while nonwoven geotextiles are thicker and have a felt-like structure formed through needle-punching, heat-bonding, resin-bonding, or a combination of methods.
3. Geotextiles are used widely in construction applications such as roads, railways, drainage systems
Geotextiles were first used in the 1950s as woven industrial fabrics for waterfront structures. The first nonwoven geotextile was developed in 1968. Geotextiles are permeable technical textiles designed for use in soil and civil engineering projects for separation, filtration, reinforcement, protection, or drainage. They are most commonly made from polypropylene or polyester in various woven and nonwoven configurations. Geotextiles serve functions like separation, filtration, drainage, and reinforcement and are used in applications such as railways, erosion control, airports, ground development, and more. They provide strength and stability while allowing for water flow.
textile in building technology & road constructionSubrata Barmon
The document discusses the use of textiles in civil engineering and construction applications. It describes how textiles are used in buildtech and geotextiles for applications like roads, buildings, and green roofs. It discusses the different categories, types, and functions of geotextiles, including the fibers used. Nanotechnology and acoustic/thermal insulation textiles are also discussed. The presentation aims to explain how textiles are increasingly being used for both temporary and permanent structures in civil engineering.
This document provides definitions and information about geosynthetics and fiber textiles. It defines geosynthetics as synthetic products used to stabilize terrain that are generally polymeric products used to solve civil engineering problems. It discusses the main types of geosynthetics including geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, and more. It provides details on various geosynthetic materials, their constituents, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It also discusses fiber textiles and their properties for making fabrics.
Department:textile engineering, City University Bangladesh, topic: Geo textileAnik Deb
This document provides an overview of a technical textile course project on geo textiles. It discusses the background and initial considerations of geo textiles. The typical geo synthetic materials are geogrids, geonets, geotextiles, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, and geocomposites. The main polymer families used for geo textiles are polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, and polyethylene. The document also discusses the basic properties, functions, types, applications and conclusions regarding geo textiles.
This document discusses geotextiles, which are permeable fabrics that are used in civil engineering and construction projects. Geotextiles can serve several functions, including separation of dissimilar soil layers, drainage, filtration, and reinforcement. The document provides details on the history and development of geotextiles, their various forms and materials, required properties, main functions, applications in Bangladesh, and prospects for future use and production of geotextiles in Bangladesh.
System dynamics simulation of selected composite landfill liners for leachate...Alexander Decker
The document describes a study that uses system dynamics modeling to simulate the breakthrough times of different composite landfill liners to determine their effectiveness in containing leachate. Four composite liner combinations were studied: geosynthetic clay liner and compacted clay liner; geotextile and geonet; high density polyethylene and low density polyethylene; and silt and sand. Governing equations for breakthrough time and leakage rate were coded into a simulation model using Stella software. The model was run to determine the breakthrough times and leakage rates of each liner combination. Simulation results found that the high density polyethylene and low density polyethylene combination had the longest breakthrough time and was most effective, while the geotextile and geonet combination had the highest
IRJET- Experimental Study on Effect of Geo-Synthetic Fibre on Concrete St...IRJET Journal
The document presents research on the effect of adding geosynthetic fibers to concrete on concrete strength. The study aims to investigate how compressive and tensile strengths vary with different percentages of fiber added. Concrete cubes and cylinders were made with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% geosynthetic fiber by weight. The specimens were cured for 28 days then tested to determine their strengths. The results will help identify the optimum fiber percentage that provides strength improvements while remaining cost-effective for practical use in construction.
The document discusses reinforced soil and geosynthetics. It begins with an introduction that defines geosynthetics as manufactured polymer products used in geotechnical engineering works. Soil reinforcement using geosynthetics improves strength through lateral restraint between the geosynthetic and soil, forcing failure planes deeper, and supporting wheel loads. The document then discusses various types of geosynthetics like geotextiles, geogrids, and geomembranes. It provides examples of using geosynthetics for filtration, drainage, separation, and reinforcement of slopes, retaining walls, and embankments. The advantages include easier installation and higher strength compared to traditional methods.
The document is a presentation about technical textiles focusing on geotextiles. It includes:
- An introduction to geotextiles, which are synthetic permeable textiles used in civil engineering to improve soils.
- The main types of geotextiles like woven, nonwoven, knitted, and their properties and functions.
- Applications of geotextiles like roads, dams, drainage, and erosion control.
- Advantages of geotextiles in strengthening soils cost effectively.
- Major geotextiles companies in Bangladesh.
5 facts you need to know about GeotextilesThreadSol
This document discusses geotextiles, which are synthetic fabric materials with permeable qualities used in civil engineering projects. Originally intended as soil filters, geotextiles can separate, reinforce, filter, protect or drain soil depending on their properties. The document outlines the history of geotextiles from the 1950s, describes their key characteristics like permeability and strength, and discusses the main types (woven, non-woven, polyspun, spunbound), fibers used (natural and synthetic), and applications in infrastructure like roads, ponds and pipelines.
This document provides an overview of different types of geo-synthetics, including their definitions, characteristics, and functions. It discusses common geo-synthetic materials like geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, and geocomposites. Geotextiles are the most widely used and can be woven or non-woven, while geogrids and geonets have open grid-like structures used for reinforcement and drainage. The document also outlines various tests conducted on geo-synthetics and concludes that engineers must properly consider soil-geo-synthetic interactions to ensure effective usage.
This document discusses slope stability and soil reinforcement techniques, specifically the use of geosynthetics. It provides background on soil stability methods, describes various geosynthetic materials like geotextiles, geogrids, and geonets. Mechanically stabilized earth walls are discussed as a reinforced soil structure using geosynthetics. Modular block walls using flexible geogrid reinforcement are proposed as a design alternative for stabilizing unstable soil for a bridge ramp. The document evaluates options for soil slope stability and retaining structures using geosynthetic reinforcement materials.
IRJET - Mechanical Characterisation of Glass Fibre Composites by using Recycl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using recycled plastics to produce glass fiber composites. Plastics are widely used but not biodegradable, leading to pollution. They can be recycled mechanically by grinding into chips, heating to form yarn, and weaving into fabric. Glass fiber composites are strong but expensive. The study produced composites using epoxy resin with layers of recycled plastic fabric and glass fiber. Testing found the composites had densities from 0.94-1.17 g/cm3, tensile strengths around 50 MPa similar to thermoplastics, hardness increased with more fiber, and impact absorption increased up to 40% fiber content. The composites showed mechanical properties comparable to virgin glass
This document provides an overview of geotextiles. It defines geotextiles as permeable fabrics made of textiles that are used in construction to separate dissimilar soils and allow water drainage. The document discusses the history and types of geotextiles, including woven and non-woven fabrics made from polypropylene, polyamide, and other polymers. It also outlines the main functions of geotextiles as separation, stabilization, filtration, reinforcement, protection, and drainage. The document concludes by noting the growth in the geotextiles industry and key advantages like strength, durability, and increased lifespan for roads.
In present scenario natural fibers have received much attention because of their light weight, nonabrasive, combustible, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. Among the various natural fibers, banana fiber was focused for its pretreatment conditions for preparing perfect fiber. In previously many researchers have found various fibers have been pretreated and they obtain its properties and its applications. In this project banana fiber has been taken as natural fiber and it was pretreated and its properties after pretreatment were obtained. The pretreatment was alkali, sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate treatment, and bleaching was carried out. Then the composite specimen boards were fabricated by various pretreatment banana fiber, polyethylene and matrix. It undergone to mechanical testing, tensile test, hardness test and also SEM analysis was carried out to check their microstructure. The perfect fiber was found by the obtained results from their properties and bonding nature.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic in Flexible PavementsIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing waste plastic in flexible pavements. Plastic is a major pollutant when burned and its use can help solve disposal problems. The study involves partially replacing bitumen used in bituminous mixes with shredded waste plastic pieces. This is intended to improve mix properties and pavement life while reducing pollution. The methodology describes preparing control and modified mixes using 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% plastic replacement. The mixes are tested using the Marshall stability test to evaluate the effects of plastic inclusion. Results will help determine the optimal plastic content for strength and durability gains in bituminous pavements.
“Study of Geosynthetics and use of Non – Woven Green Geocomposite Blanket for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses geosynthetics and their use in erosion control and slope protection for embankments. It defines geosynthetics as versatile materials made from natural or synthetic fibers that are used in geotechnical, marine, and environmental engineering to improve soil properties. Non-woven geocomposite blankets can be used as erosion control elements for embankment slopes. The document outlines the different types of geosynthetics and their functions, which include reinforcement, separation, filtration, drainage, barriers, and erosion control. It focuses on how geotextiles, geocells, and geocomposite blankets are mainly used for erosion control on slopes of railways, highways, and landfills to protect against erosion
Geotextiles are permeable textiles used in civil engineering applications to improve the performance of soils. They are made from natural fibers like jute or synthetic polymers like polypropylene and polyester. Geotextiles serve functions like separation, reinforcement, drainage, and filtration. They are used in applications such as roads, erosion control, retaining walls, and drainage systems. The properties and performance of geotextiles depend on factors like material composition, mechanical strength, permeability, and resistance to degradation. Polypropylene is commonly used due to its chemical resistance while polyester has better strength and creep resistance for demanding applications. The suitable fiber depends on the specific geotextile application and requirements.
1. Geotextiles are permeable geosynthetics made solely of textiles that are used in geotechnical engineering and construction as an integral part of structures and systems. They serve separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and sealing functions.
2. Geotextiles can be woven or nonwoven. Woven geotextiles have high strength in two directions and low elongation, while nonwoven geotextiles are thicker and have a felt-like structure formed through needle-punching, heat-bonding, resin-bonding, or a combination of methods.
3. Geotextiles are used widely in construction applications such as roads, railways, drainage systems
Geotextiles were first used in the 1950s as woven industrial fabrics for waterfront structures. The first nonwoven geotextile was developed in 1968. Geotextiles are permeable technical textiles designed for use in soil and civil engineering projects for separation, filtration, reinforcement, protection, or drainage. They are most commonly made from polypropylene or polyester in various woven and nonwoven configurations. Geotextiles serve functions like separation, filtration, drainage, and reinforcement and are used in applications such as railways, erosion control, airports, ground development, and more. They provide strength and stability while allowing for water flow.
textile in building technology & road constructionSubrata Barmon
The document discusses the use of textiles in civil engineering and construction applications. It describes how textiles are used in buildtech and geotextiles for applications like roads, buildings, and green roofs. It discusses the different categories, types, and functions of geotextiles, including the fibers used. Nanotechnology and acoustic/thermal insulation textiles are also discussed. The presentation aims to explain how textiles are increasingly being used for both temporary and permanent structures in civil engineering.
This document provides definitions and information about geosynthetics and fiber textiles. It defines geosynthetics as synthetic products used to stabilize terrain that are generally polymeric products used to solve civil engineering problems. It discusses the main types of geosynthetics including geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, and more. It provides details on various geosynthetic materials, their constituents, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It also discusses fiber textiles and their properties for making fabrics.
Department:textile engineering, City University Bangladesh, topic: Geo textileAnik Deb
This document provides an overview of a technical textile course project on geo textiles. It discusses the background and initial considerations of geo textiles. The typical geo synthetic materials are geogrids, geonets, geotextiles, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, and geocomposites. The main polymer families used for geo textiles are polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, and polyethylene. The document also discusses the basic properties, functions, types, applications and conclusions regarding geo textiles.
This document discusses geotextiles, which are permeable fabrics that are used in civil engineering and construction projects. Geotextiles can serve several functions, including separation of dissimilar soil layers, drainage, filtration, and reinforcement. The document provides details on the history and development of geotextiles, their various forms and materials, required properties, main functions, applications in Bangladesh, and prospects for future use and production of geotextiles in Bangladesh.
System dynamics simulation of selected composite landfill liners for leachate...Alexander Decker
The document describes a study that uses system dynamics modeling to simulate the breakthrough times of different composite landfill liners to determine their effectiveness in containing leachate. Four composite liner combinations were studied: geosynthetic clay liner and compacted clay liner; geotextile and geonet; high density polyethylene and low density polyethylene; and silt and sand. Governing equations for breakthrough time and leakage rate were coded into a simulation model using Stella software. The model was run to determine the breakthrough times and leakage rates of each liner combination. Simulation results found that the high density polyethylene and low density polyethylene combination had the longest breakthrough time and was most effective, while the geotextile and geonet combination had the highest
IRJET- Experimental Study on Effect of Geo-Synthetic Fibre on Concrete St...IRJET Journal
The document presents research on the effect of adding geosynthetic fibers to concrete on concrete strength. The study aims to investigate how compressive and tensile strengths vary with different percentages of fiber added. Concrete cubes and cylinders were made with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% geosynthetic fiber by weight. The specimens were cured for 28 days then tested to determine their strengths. The results will help identify the optimum fiber percentage that provides strength improvements while remaining cost-effective for practical use in construction.
The document discusses reinforced soil and geosynthetics. It begins with an introduction that defines geosynthetics as manufactured polymer products used in geotechnical engineering works. Soil reinforcement using geosynthetics improves strength through lateral restraint between the geosynthetic and soil, forcing failure planes deeper, and supporting wheel loads. The document then discusses various types of geosynthetics like geotextiles, geogrids, and geomembranes. It provides examples of using geosynthetics for filtration, drainage, separation, and reinforcement of slopes, retaining walls, and embankments. The advantages include easier installation and higher strength compared to traditional methods.
The document is a presentation about technical textiles focusing on geotextiles. It includes:
- An introduction to geotextiles, which are synthetic permeable textiles used in civil engineering to improve soils.
- The main types of geotextiles like woven, nonwoven, knitted, and their properties and functions.
- Applications of geotextiles like roads, dams, drainage, and erosion control.
- Advantages of geotextiles in strengthening soils cost effectively.
- Major geotextiles companies in Bangladesh.
5 facts you need to know about GeotextilesThreadSol
This document discusses geotextiles, which are synthetic fabric materials with permeable qualities used in civil engineering projects. Originally intended as soil filters, geotextiles can separate, reinforce, filter, protect or drain soil depending on their properties. The document outlines the history of geotextiles from the 1950s, describes their key characteristics like permeability and strength, and discusses the main types (woven, non-woven, polyspun, spunbound), fibers used (natural and synthetic), and applications in infrastructure like roads, ponds and pipelines.
This document provides an overview of different types of geo-synthetics, including their definitions, characteristics, and functions. It discusses common geo-synthetic materials like geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, and geocomposites. Geotextiles are the most widely used and can be woven or non-woven, while geogrids and geonets have open grid-like structures used for reinforcement and drainage. The document also outlines various tests conducted on geo-synthetics and concludes that engineers must properly consider soil-geo-synthetic interactions to ensure effective usage.
This document discusses slope stability and soil reinforcement techniques, specifically the use of geosynthetics. It provides background on soil stability methods, describes various geosynthetic materials like geotextiles, geogrids, and geonets. Mechanically stabilized earth walls are discussed as a reinforced soil structure using geosynthetics. Modular block walls using flexible geogrid reinforcement are proposed as a design alternative for stabilizing unstable soil for a bridge ramp. The document evaluates options for soil slope stability and retaining structures using geosynthetic reinforcement materials.
IRJET - Mechanical Characterisation of Glass Fibre Composites by using Recycl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using recycled plastics to produce glass fiber composites. Plastics are widely used but not biodegradable, leading to pollution. They can be recycled mechanically by grinding into chips, heating to form yarn, and weaving into fabric. Glass fiber composites are strong but expensive. The study produced composites using epoxy resin with layers of recycled plastic fabric and glass fiber. Testing found the composites had densities from 0.94-1.17 g/cm3, tensile strengths around 50 MPa similar to thermoplastics, hardness increased with more fiber, and impact absorption increased up to 40% fiber content. The composites showed mechanical properties comparable to virgin glass
This document provides an overview of geotextiles. It defines geotextiles as permeable fabrics made of textiles that are used in construction to separate dissimilar soils and allow water drainage. The document discusses the history and types of geotextiles, including woven and non-woven fabrics made from polypropylene, polyamide, and other polymers. It also outlines the main functions of geotextiles as separation, stabilization, filtration, reinforcement, protection, and drainage. The document concludes by noting the growth in the geotextiles industry and key advantages like strength, durability, and increased lifespan for roads.
In present scenario natural fibers have received much attention because of their light weight, nonabrasive, combustible, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. Among the various natural fibers, banana fiber was focused for its pretreatment conditions for preparing perfect fiber. In previously many researchers have found various fibers have been pretreated and they obtain its properties and its applications. In this project banana fiber has been taken as natural fiber and it was pretreated and its properties after pretreatment were obtained. The pretreatment was alkali, sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate treatment, and bleaching was carried out. Then the composite specimen boards were fabricated by various pretreatment banana fiber, polyethylene and matrix. It undergone to mechanical testing, tensile test, hardness test and also SEM analysis was carried out to check their microstructure. The perfect fiber was found by the obtained results from their properties and bonding nature.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic in Flexible PavementsIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing waste plastic in flexible pavements. Plastic is a major pollutant when burned and its use can help solve disposal problems. The study involves partially replacing bitumen used in bituminous mixes with shredded waste plastic pieces. This is intended to improve mix properties and pavement life while reducing pollution. The methodology describes preparing control and modified mixes using 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% plastic replacement. The mixes are tested using the Marshall stability test to evaluate the effects of plastic inclusion. Results will help determine the optimal plastic content for strength and durability gains in bituminous pavements.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
1. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 1 GPTC Mananthavady
INTRODUCTION
Geosynthetic product manufactured from polymeric material used with
soil, rock, earth or other geotechnical related material as an integral part of civil
engineering project. Geosynthetics can be defined as planar products
manufactured from polymeric material, which are used with soil, rock, or other
geotechnical engineering-related material as an integral part of a man-made
project, structure, or system. Geosynthetics are widely used in many geotechnical
and environmental applications related to groundwater quality and control. This is
the case, for example, of base and cover liner systems for modern landfills, which
are designed making extensive use of geosynthetics. The main purpose of
geosynthetic liner systems is to minimize potential groundwater contamination.
Moreover, the use of geosynthetics is rapidly increasing in applications related
directly to groundwater control. This is the case of high-density polyethylene
(HDPE) vertical barrier systems, which are used instead of traditional soil-
bentonite cutoff walls in projects involving groundwater remediation and control.
The geosynthetics market is strong and rapidly increasing because of the
continued use of geosynthetics in well-established applications and, particularly,
because of the increasing number of new applications which make use of these
products. Geosynthetics were used in roadway construction in the days of the
Pharaohsto stabilise roadways and their edges. These early geosynthetics were
made of natural fibres, fabrics or vegetation mixed with soil to improve road
quality, particularly when roads were made on unstable soil. Only recently have
geosynthetics been used and evaluated for modern road construction.
geosynthetics today are highly developed products that must comply with
numerous standards.
2. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 2 GPTC Mananthavady
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOSYNTHETICS
The characteristics of geosynthetics are broadly classified as:
1. Physical properties
a) Specific gravity
b) Weight
c) Thickness
2. Mechanical properties
a) Tenacity
b) Tensile strength
c) Bursting strength
d) Drapability
e) Compatibility
3. Hydraulic properties
a) Porosity
b) Permeability
c) Permittivity
d) Transitivity
4. Degradation properties
a) Biodegradation
b) Hydrolytic degradation
c) Photo degradation
d) Chemical degradation
5. Endurance properties
a) Elongation
b) Abrasion resistance
3. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 3 GPTC Mananthavady
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEOSYNTHETICS
Geosynthetics are manufactured in a factory-controlled environment. They
are packaged in sheets, placed in a roll or carton, and finally transported to the
site. At the project site the geosynthetic sheets are unrolled on the prepared
subgrade surface, overlapped to each other to form a continuous geosynthetic
blanket, and often physically joined to each other.
The geosynthetic types are as follows:
Geotextiles
Geogrids
Geonent
Geomembrane
Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs)
Geoform
Geocells
Geocomposites
GEOTEXTILE
Geotextiles were one of the first textile products in human history.
Excavations of ancient Egyptian sites show the use of mats made of grass and
linen. Geotextiles were used in roadway construction in the days of the
Pharaohsto stabilise roadways and their edges. These early geotextiles were made
of natural fibres, fabrics or vegetation mixed with soil to improve road quality,
particularly when roads were made on unstable soil. Only recently have
geotextiles been used and evaluated form Modern road construction. Geotextiles
4. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 4 GPTC Mananthavady
today are highly developed products that must comply with numerous standards.
To produce tailor-made industrial fabrics, appropriate machinery is needed.
SELECTION OF FIBER FOR GEOTEXTILES
Different fibres from both natural as well as synthetic category can be used
as geotextiles for various applications. Natural fibres: Natural fibers in the form of
paper strips, jute nets, wood shavings or wool mulch are being used as geotextiles.
In certain soil reinforcement applications, geotextiles have to serve for more than
100 years. But bio-degradable natural geotextiles are deliberately manufactured to
have relatively short period of life. They are generally used for prevention of soil
erosion until vegetation can become properly established on the ground surface.
The commonly used natural fibres are –
Ramie: These are subtropical bast fibres, which are obtained from their plants 5
to 6 times a year. The fibres have silky luster and have white appear uneven in the
unbleached condition. They constitute of pure cellulose and possess highest
tenacity among allplant fibres.
Polyamides (PA): There are two most important types of polyamides, namely
Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6 butthey are used very little in geotextiles. The first one an
aliphatic polyamide obtained by the polymerization of petroleum derivative ε-
caprolactam. The second type is also an aliphatic polyamide obtained by the
polymerization of a salt of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine. These are
manufactured in the form of threads which are cut into granules. They have more
strength but less moduli than poly propylene and polyester They are also readily
prone to hydrolysis.
Polyesters (PET): Polyester is synthesised by polymerizing ethylene glycol with
dimethyleterephthalate or with terephthalic acid. The fibre has high strength
modulus, creep resistance and general chemical inertness due too which it is more
suitable for geotextiles. It is attacked by polar solvent like benzyl alcohol, phenol,
and meta-cresol. At pH range of 7 to 10, its life span is about 50 years. It
5. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 5 GPTC Mananthavady
possesses high resistance to ultraviolet radiations. However, the installation
should be undertaken with care to avoid unnecessary exposure to light.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Polyvinyl chloride is mainly used in geo membranes
and as a thermo plastic coating materials. The basic raw materials utilized for
production of PVC is vinyl chloride. PVC is available in free- flowing powder
form.
Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE): Sealing membranes based on chlorinated poly
ethylene are generally manufactured from CPE mixed with PVC or sometimes
PE. The properties of CPE depend on quality of PE and degree of chlorination.
Types of Geotextiles
Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials.
They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The
geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories – woven fabrics, non-
woven fabrics.
Woven fabrics: Large numbers of geosynthetics are of woven type, which
can be sub-divided into several categories based upon their method of
manufacture. These were the first to be developed from the synthetic fibers. As
their name implies, they are manufactured by adopting techniques which are
similar to weaving usual clothing textiles. This type has the characteristic
appearance of two sets of parallel threads or yarns .the yarn running along the
length is called warp and the one perpendicular is called weft. The majority of low
to medium strength woven geosynthetics are manufactured from polypropylene
which can be in the form of extruded tape, silt film, monofilament or
multifilament. Often a combination of yarn types is used in the warp and weft
directions to optimize the performance/cost. Higher permeability is obtained with
monofilament and multifilament than with flat construction only.Woven
Geotextile.
6. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 6 GPTC Mananthavady
Non-woven: Non woven geo-synthetics can be manufactured from either
short staple fibre or continuous filament yarn. The fibers can be bonded together
by adopting thermal, chemical or mechanical techniques or a combination of
techniques. The typeof fibre (staple or continuous) used has very little effect on
the properties of the non – woven geosynthetics. Non-woven geotextiles are
manufactured through a process of mechanical interlocking or chemical or
thermal bonding of fibres/filaments. Thermally bonded non-wovens contain wide
range of opening sizes and a typical thickness of about 0.5-1mm while chemically
bonded non-wovens are comparatively thick usually in the order of 3 mm. On the
other hand mechanically bonded non-woven shave a typical thickness in the range
of 2-5 mm and also tend to be comparatively heavy because a large quantity of
polymer filament is required to provide sufficient number of entangled filament
cross wires for adequate bonding.
GEONETS
Geonets, and the related geospacers by some, constitute another specialized
segment within the geosynthetics area. They are formed by a continuous extrusion
of parallel sets of polymeric ribs at acute angles to one another. When the ribs are
opened, relatively large apertures are formed into a netlike configuration. Two
types are most common, either biplanar or triplanar. Alternatively many very
different types of drainage cores are available. They consist of nubbed, dimpled or
cuspated polymer sheets, three-dimensional networks of stiff polymer fibers in
different configurations and small drainage pipes or spacers within geotextiles.
7. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 7 GPTC Mananthavady
Their design function is completely within the drainage area where they are used
to convey liquids or gases of all types.
GEOGRIDS
Geogrids represent a rapidly growing segment within geosynthetics. Rather
than being a woven, nonwoven or knitted textile fabric, geogrids are polymers
formed into a very open, gridlike configuration, i.e., they have large apertures
between individual ribs in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Geogrids are
(a) either stretched in one, two or three directions for improved physical
properties, (b) made on weaving or knitting machinery by standard textile
manufacturing methods, or (c) by laser or ultrasonically bonding rods or straps
together. There are many specific application areas; however, geogrids function
almost exclusively as reinforcement materials.
8. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 8 GPTC Mananthavady
GEOMEMBRANES
Geomembranes represent the other largest group of geosynthetics, and in
dollar volume their sales are greater than that of geotextiles. Their growth in the
United States and Germany was stimulated by governmental regulations
originally enacted in the early 1980s for the lining of solid-waste landfills. The
materials themselves are relatively thin, impervious sheets of polymeric material
used primarily for linings and covers of liquids- or solid-storage facilities. This
includes all types of landfills, surface impoundments, canals, and other
containment facilities. Thus the primary function is always containment as a
liquid or vapor barrier or both. The range of applications, however, is great, and in
addition to the environmental area, applications are rapidly growing in
geotechnical, transportation, hydraulic, and private development engineering
(such as aquaculture, agriculture, heap leach mining, etc.).
GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS
Geosynthetic clay liners, or GCLs, are an interesting juxtaposition of
polymeric materials and natural soils. They are rolls of factory fabricated thin
layers of bentonite clay sandwiched between two geotextiles or bonded to a
geomembrane. Structural integrity of the subsequent composite is obtained by
needle-punching, stitching or adhesive bonding. GCLs are used as a composite
component beneath a geomembrane or by themselves in geo environmental and
containment applications as well as in transportation, geotechnical, hydraulic, and
many private development applications.
9. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 9 GPTC Mananthavady
GEOFOAM
Geofoam is a product created by a polymeric expansion process of polystyrene
resulting in a “foam” consisting of many closed, but gas-filled, cells. The skeletal
nature of the cell walls is the unexpanded polymeric material. The resulting
product is generally in the form of large, but extremely light, blocks which are
stacked side-by-side providing lightweight fill in numerous applications.
GEOCELLS
Geocells (also known as Cellular Confinement Systems) are three-dimensional
honeycombed cellular structures that form a confinement system when in filled
with compacted soil. Extruded from polymeric materials into strips welded
together ultrasonically in series, the strips are expanded to form the stiff (and
typically textured and perforated) walls of a flexible 3D cellular mattress. In filled
with soil, a new composite entity is created from the cell-soil interactions. The
cellular confinement reduces the lateral movement of soil particles, thereby
10. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 10 GPTC Mananthavady
maintaining compaction and forms a stiffened mattress that distributes loads over
a wider area. Traditionally used in slope protection and earth retention
applications, geocells made from advanced polymers are being increasingly
adopted for long-term road and rail load support. Much larger geocells are also
made from stiff geotextiles sewn into similar, but larger, unit cells that are used
for protection bunkers and walls.
GEOCOMPOSITES
A geocomposite consists of a combination of geotextiles, geogrids, geonets
and/or geomembranes in a factory fabricated unit. Also, any one of these four
materials can be combined with another synthetic material (e.g., deformed plastic
sheets or steel cables) or even with soil. As examples, a geonet or geospacer with
geotextiles on both surfaces and a GCL consisting of a
geotextile/bentonite/geotextile sandwich are both geocomposites. This specific
category brings out the best creative efforts of the engineer and manufacturer. The
application areas are numerous and constantly growing. The major functions
encompass the entire range of functions listed for geosynthetics discussed
previously: separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and containment.
11. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 11 GPTC Mananthavady
FUNCTIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS
Geosynthetics have numerous material properties. Many of the reported
properties are important in the manufacture and quality control of geosynthetics;
however, many others are also important in design. The material properties related
to the manufacture and quality control of geosynthetics are generally referred to as
index properties and those related to the design as design or performance
properties. Considering their different properties, the several geosynthetic
products can perform different functions and, consequently, they should be
designed to satisfy minimum criteria to adequately perform these functions.
The geosynthetic functions are as follows:
• Separation
• Reinforcement
• Filtration
• Drainage
Containment
Separation is the placement of a flexible geosynthetic material, like a porous
geotextile, between dissimilar materials so that the integrity and functioning of
both materials can remain intact or even be improved. Paved roads, unpaved
roads, and railroad bases are common applications. Also, the use of thick
nonwoven geotextiles for cushioning and protection of geomembranes is in this
category. In addition, for most applications of geofoam and geocells, separation is
the major function.
Reinforcement is the synergistic improvement of a total system’s strength created
by the introduction of a geotextile, geogrid or geocell (all of which are good in
12. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 12 GPTC Mananthavady
tension) into a soil (that is good in compression, but poor in tension) or other
disjointed and separated material. Applications of this function are in
mechanically stabilized and retained earth walls and steep soil slopes; they can be
combined with masonry facings to create vertical retaining walls. Also involved is
the application of basal reinforcement over soft soils and over deep foundations
for embankments and heavy surface loadings. Stiff polymer geogrids and geocells
do not have to be held in tension to provide soil reinforcement, unlike geotextiles.
Stiff 2D geogrid and 3D geocells interlock with the aggregate particles and the
reinforcement mechanism is one of confinement of the aggregate. The resulting
mechanically stabilized aggregate layer exhibits improved loadbearing
performance. Stiff polymer geogrids, with very open apertures, in addition to
three-dimensional geocells made from various polymers are also increasingly
specified in unpaved and paved roadways, load platforms and railway ballast,
where the improved loadbearing characteristics significantly reduce the
requirements for high quality, imported aggregate fills, thus reducing the carbon
footprint of the construction.
Filtration is the equilibrium soil-to-geotextile interaction that allows for adequate
liquid flow without soil loss, across the plane of the geotextile over a service
lifetime compatible with the application under consideration. Filtration
applications are highway underdrain systems, retaining wall drainage, landfill
leachate collection systems, as silt fences and curtains, and as flexible forms for
bags, tubes and containers.
Drainage is the equilibrium soil-to-geosynthetic system that allows for adequate
liquid flow without soil loss, within the plane of the geosynthetic over a service
lifetime compatible with the application under consideration. Geopipe highlights
this function, and also geonets, geocomposites and very thick geotextiles.
Drainage applications for these different geosynthetics are retaining walls, sport
fields, dams, canals, reservoirs, and capillary breaks. Also to be noted is that
sheet, edge and wick drains are geocomposites used for various soil and rock
drainage situations.
13. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 13 GPTC Mananthavady
Containment involves geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, or some
geocomposites which function as liquid or gas barriers. Landfill liners and covers
make critical use of these geosynthetics. All hydraulic applications (tunnels,
dams, canals, surface impoundments, and floating covers) use these geosynthetics
as well.
14. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 14 GPTC Mananthavady
ADVANTAGES
The manufactured quality control of geosynthetics in a controlled factory
environment is a great advantage over outdoor soil and rock construction.
Most factories are ISO 9000 certified and have their own in-house quality
programs as well.
The low thickness of geosynthetics, as compared to their natural soil
counterparts, is an advantage insofar as light weight on the subgrade, less
airspace used, and avoidance of quarried sand, gravel, and clay soil
materials.
The ease of geosynthetic installation is significant in comparison to thick
soil layers (sands, gravels, or clays) requiring large earthmoving
equipment.
Published standards (test methods, guides, and specifications) are well
advanced in standards-setting organizations like ISO, ASTM, and GSI.
Design methods are currently available from many publication sources as
well as universities which teach stand-alone courses in geosynthetics or
have integrated geosynthetics in traditional geotechnical,
geoenvironmental, and hydraulic engineering courses.
When comparing geosynthetic designs to alternative natural soil designs
there are usually cost advantages and invariably sustainability (lower CO2
footprint) advantages
15. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 15 GPTC Mananthavady
DISADVANTAGES
Long-term performance of the particular formulated resin being used to
make the geosynthetic must be assured by using proper additives including
antioxidants, ultraviolet screeners, and fillers.
The exposed lifetime of geosynthetics, being polymeric, is less than
unexposed as when they are soil backfilled.
Clogging or bioclogging of geotextiles, geonets, geopipe and/or
geocomposites is a challenging design for certain soil types or unusual
situations. For example, loess soils, fine cohesionless silts, highly turbid
liquids, and microorganism laden liquids (farm runoff) are troublesome and
generally require specialized testing evaluations.
Handling, storage, and installation must be assured by careful quality
control and quality assurance.
16. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 16 GPTC Mananthavady
CONCLUSION
Geosynthetics are not only clothing the human body but also our mother
land in order to protect her. Extensive awareness should be created among the
people about the application of geosynthetics. Geosynthetics are effective tools in
the hands of the civil engineer that have proved to solve a myriad of geotechnical
problems. To explore the potential of geosynthetics more researches are needed in
this field.
17. Seminar Report 2018-19 Geosynthetic
Dept. of Civil Engg. 17 GPTC Mananthavady
REFERENCES
1. ASTM (1994), Annual Books of ASTM Standards, American Society
Testing and
1. Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Volume 4.08 (1), Soil and Rock,
Volume 4. No. (8), Soil and Rock, Geosynthetics, Volume 7, No.
1,Textiles.
2. Abdullah, A. B. M., A Hand book of geosynthetics Particularly natural
geosynthetics from jute and other vegetable fibers, FAO-2000
3. Gregory, R. N., Barry, C. R., Geosynthetics in Transportation Applications,
Featured Short Course, 1998.
4. Rankilor, P. R., Membranes in Ground Engineering, John Wiley and Sons,
New York,1981.
5. Koerner, R. M., Designing with Geosynthetics, Third edition, Prentice
Hall, 1993.