This document provides an overview of 4G technology, including its objectives and development timeline. 4G aims to provide data rates of 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. It will allow for seamless connectivity across networks on a global scale. 4G is expected to launch in 2010 and enable new applications like mobile TV and video chat by delivering high-speed data and multimedia over wireless networks on an "anytime, anywhere" basis.
While 6G is as yet 10 years away, organizations that keep themselves up to date with what this next networking architecture has to bring to the table will have a decisive advantage over their competitors.
While 5G commercialization is still in its initial stage, it's never too soon to begin planning for 6G on the grounds that it regularly takes around 10 years from the beginning of exploration to commercialization of new generation of communications technology.
Most tech insiders trust 6G would need to hit two or three benchmarks first beginning with a hyper-quick information rate that beats 5G, with download paces of at any rate 1,000Gbps (multiple times the speed of 5G) and record-breaking all-time low latency, or “air latency” of under 100 μs, start to finish (E2E) inertness under 1 ms, and amazingly low delay jitter in order of microseconds.
Technology doesn't rest.
Despite the fact that the 5G Technology is still in the beginning of its arrangement, the tech world is now bantering around thoughts on what the next generation – 6G – might resemble.
This isn't startling on the grounds that the technology that goes into 5G's replacement will set aside some effort to create.
Tonex offers 6G Introduction, IMT-2030, a one-day course covering the planning inspiration and basic technology of 6G engineering, just like the new 6G terminology. Members are familiar with the comparison between 5G and 6G, and understand how 6G achieves its goals by understanding the functions of 6G.
Introduction to 6G Course by Tonex
IMT-2030 is an introduction to 6G, a one-day overview of 6G technology consistent with ITU-T IMT-2030. Learn about 6G wireless systems, use cases, applications, trends, technologies and protocols.
6G or IMT-2030 is the future of mobile networks promised by ITU-T network 2030. Tonex now offers training courses to help develop the next generation of 6G skills.
Who Should Attend
This one-day training course covers the design motivation and basic technology of 6G architecture, as well as new 6G vocabulary. You will also understand the difference between 5G and 6G, and understand how 6G will achieve its goals by observing how 6G works.
An advanced 6G technical overview for anyone involved in 6G product development, product management, analysis, planning, design and engineering.
Learning Objectives
Describe the 6G vision and business case Explain the key technologies and basic components of 6G networks
Draw end-to-end 6G network architecture, including new radio types, core networks and applications
Gradually complete the evolution from 5G to 6G
Course outline
Overview of 6G Wireless Networks
6G Vision, Architecture, and Key Technologies
Hologram Type Communications
Learn More
Introduction to 6G, Prepare Now Training
https://www.tonex.com/introduction-to-6g-prepare-now-training/
While 6G is as yet 10 years away, organizations that keep themselves up to date with what this next networking architecture has to bring to the table will have a decisive advantage over their competitors.
While 5G commercialization is still in its initial stage, it's never too soon to begin planning for 6G on the grounds that it regularly takes around 10 years from the beginning of exploration to commercialization of new generation of communications technology.
Most tech insiders trust 6G would need to hit two or three benchmarks first beginning with a hyper-quick information rate that beats 5G, with download paces of at any rate 1,000Gbps (multiple times the speed of 5G) and record-breaking all-time low latency, or “air latency” of under 100 μs, start to finish (E2E) inertness under 1 ms, and amazingly low delay jitter in order of microseconds.
Technology doesn't rest.
Despite the fact that the 5G Technology is still in the beginning of its arrangement, the tech world is now bantering around thoughts on what the next generation – 6G – might resemble.
This isn't startling on the grounds that the technology that goes into 5G's replacement will set aside some effort to create.
Tonex offers 6G Introduction, IMT-2030, a one-day course covering the planning inspiration and basic technology of 6G engineering, just like the new 6G terminology. Members are familiar with the comparison between 5G and 6G, and understand how 6G achieves its goals by understanding the functions of 6G.
Introduction to 6G Course by Tonex
IMT-2030 is an introduction to 6G, a one-day overview of 6G technology consistent with ITU-T IMT-2030. Learn about 6G wireless systems, use cases, applications, trends, technologies and protocols.
6G or IMT-2030 is the future of mobile networks promised by ITU-T network 2030. Tonex now offers training courses to help develop the next generation of 6G skills.
Who Should Attend
This one-day training course covers the design motivation and basic technology of 6G architecture, as well as new 6G vocabulary. You will also understand the difference between 5G and 6G, and understand how 6G will achieve its goals by observing how 6G works.
An advanced 6G technical overview for anyone involved in 6G product development, product management, analysis, planning, design and engineering.
Learning Objectives
Describe the 6G vision and business case Explain the key technologies and basic components of 6G networks
Draw end-to-end 6G network architecture, including new radio types, core networks and applications
Gradually complete the evolution from 5G to 6G
Course outline
Overview of 6G Wireless Networks
6G Vision, Architecture, and Key Technologies
Hologram Type Communications
Learn More
Introduction to 6G, Prepare Now Training
https://www.tonex.com/introduction-to-6g-prepare-now-training/
Evolution of millimeter-wave communications toward next generation in wireles...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Next generation in wireless communication systems being deployed in the world, 5G/6G
mobile and wireless communication technologies has been widely studied. This work clarifies that
Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) is in its early stages and will be driven by consumers who keep on desire
higher information rates for the consumption of media. Millimeter-Wave innovation represents for next
generation cellular technology and includes a wide range of advanced features which make next
innovation most dominant technology in near future, these abilities incorporate high achievable information
rates in addition to lower delays and constant connectivity on wireless devices.
6G Training Course Part 3: 6G Use Cases & Applications3G4G
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at some of the newer 6G use cases and applications as well as the existing ones that may not be satisfied with 5G. While we discuss some of the use cases in this video / presentation, you have to remember that the final use cases would be dependent on the requirements as well as the evolution of devices and other supporting technologies.
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
A Telecom analysis regarding 4G readiness and investment readiness of different countries, developed and developing and some implications of those investments
Evolution of millimeter-wave communications toward next generation in wireles...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Next generation in wireless communication systems being deployed in the world, 5G/6G
mobile and wireless communication technologies has been widely studied. This work clarifies that
Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) is in its early stages and will be driven by consumers who keep on desire
higher information rates for the consumption of media. Millimeter-Wave innovation represents for next
generation cellular technology and includes a wide range of advanced features which make next
innovation most dominant technology in near future, these abilities incorporate high achievable information
rates in addition to lower delays and constant connectivity on wireless devices.
6G Training Course Part 3: 6G Use Cases & Applications3G4G
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at some of the newer 6G use cases and applications as well as the existing ones that may not be satisfied with 5G. While we discuss some of the use cases in this video / presentation, you have to remember that the final use cases would be dependent on the requirements as well as the evolution of devices and other supporting technologies.
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
A Telecom analysis regarding 4G readiness and investment readiness of different countries, developed and developing and some implications of those investments
TeliaSonera was the first operator in the world to commercially launch 4G. It was in late 2009, in the city centres of Stockholm and Oslo. 4G is the short term for fourth-generation wireless. It is still a research lab standard , the stage of broadband mobile communications that will supersede the third generation (3G). It is expected that end-to-end IP and high-quality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishing features.
A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and streamed multimedia can be given to the users on “ Anytime Anywhere ” basis and higher data rates than the previous generations.
It will be a fully IP based integrated system capable of providing between 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps in both indoor and outdoor with premium quality and high security.
It is going to be launched in the year 2010.
5G is the short for fifth generation, a mobile broadband technology that is in the early stages of works and likely to be in place six to seven years from now.
A 5G network will be able to handle 10,000 times more call and data traffic than the current 3G or 4G network.
Data download speeds on 5G networks are likely to be several hundred times more than 4G.
5G mobile technology will change the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth.
This ppt presentation is about 4G technology & when it will comes in indai ,which coutries are using 4g network .This is tha progress in the field of communication & technology.
Now-a-days the goal of many customers is to have PC at one’s palm.
To support powerful systems we need long range, high speed wireless network called 4G.
It includes several types of broadband wireless communication system access including cellular telephone system.
4G networks are projected to provide speeds of 100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps while stationary
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
3. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
4G is the short term for fourth-generation wireless. It is still a research4G is the short term for fourth-generation wireless. It is still a research
lab standard , the stage of broadband mobile communications that willlab standard , the stage of broadband mobile communications that will
supersede the third generation (supersede the third generation (3G3G). It is expected that end-to-end). It is expected that end-to-end IPIP
and high-quality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishingand high-quality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishing
features.features.
A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solutionA 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution
where voice , data and streamed multimedia can be given to thewhere voice , data and streamed multimedia can be given to the
users on “ Anytime Anywhere ” basis and higher data rates than theusers on “ Anytime Anywhere ” basis and higher data rates than the
previous generations.previous generations.
It will be a fully IP based integrated system capable of providingIt will be a fully IP based integrated system capable of providing
between 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps in both indoor and outdoor withbetween 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps in both indoor and outdoor with
premium quality and high security.premium quality and high security.
It is going to be launched in the year 2010.It is going to be launched in the year 2010.
4. OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
4G is being developed to accommodate the Quality of Service4G is being developed to accommodate the Quality of Service
(QOS) and rate requirements set by forth coming applications like(QOS) and rate requirements set by forth coming applications like
1. MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service).1. MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service).
2. Wireless Broadband Service.2. Wireless Broadband Service.
3. Video Chat.3. Video Chat.
4. Mobile TV.4. Mobile TV.
5. Digital Video Broadcasting.5. Digital Video Broadcasting.
6. High Network Capacity.6. High Network Capacity.
7. Data Rate of 100 Mbps for mobile and 1 Gbps while stationary .7. Data Rate of 100 Mbps for mobile and 1 Gbps while stationary .
8. Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network..8. Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network..
9. Seamless Connectivity and Global Roaming across multiple9. Seamless Connectivity and Global Roaming across multiple
networks.networks.
5. Time-line from 1G to 4G and beyond:Time-line from 1G to 4G and beyond:
The first generation,The first generation, 1G1G wireless mobile communication systems, waswireless mobile communication systems, was
introduced in the earlyintroduced in the early 1980s1980s. 1G wireless was analog and supported the. 1G wireless was analog and supported the
first generation of analog cell phones with the speeds up tofirst generation of analog cell phones with the speeds up to 2.4kbps2.4kbps..
The second generation,The second generation, 2G2G system, fielded in the latesystem, fielded in the late 1980s1980s.It was.It was
planned mainly for voice transmission with digital signal and the speedsplanned mainly for voice transmission with digital signal and the speeds
up toup to 64kbps64kbps..
The third generation,The third generation, 3G3G wireless system,wireless system, also calledalso called UMTSUMTS (Universal Mobile(Universal Mobile
Telecommunications Standard).Telecommunications Standard). , was developed in the late, was developed in the late 1990s1990s .3G is not.3G is not
only provided the transmission speeds fromonly provided the transmission speeds from 125kbps125kbps toto 2Mbps2Mbps, but, but
also included many services, such as global roaming, superior voice andalso included many services, such as global roaming, superior voice and
video quality.video quality.
The fourth generation,The fourth generation, 4G4G is a conceptual framework just raised inis a conceptual framework just raised in 20022002..
The speeds ofThe speeds of 4G4G can theoretically be promised up tocan theoretically be promised up to 1Gbps1Gbps. The. The
beyond will bebeyond will be 5G5G with incredible transmission speed with no limitationwith incredible transmission speed with no limitation
for accessfor access andand zone size.zone size.
9. APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
The applications of 4G are called “The applications of 4G are called “KILLERKILLER
APPLICATIONsAPPLICATIONs” as it is going to bring to” as it is going to bring to
revolution in the internet world.revolution in the internet world.
-- High Speed Data Rate due to which a movie-- High Speed Data Rate due to which a movie
can be downloaded in 2 to 3 minutes.can be downloaded in 2 to 3 minutes.
-- More Security.-- More Security.
-- Video Conferencing.-- Video Conferencing.
-- Higher Bandwidth.-- Higher Bandwidth.
-- Global Roaming.-- Global Roaming.
10. High Speed:– Data Rate of 100 Mbps for mobile
and 1 Gbps while stationary.
Global Standard:-4G will be a global standard that
provides global mobility and service portability so that
service provider will no longer be limited by single-
system.
Low Cost:– Access technologies, services and
applications can unlimitedly be run through wireless
backbone over wire-line backbone using IP address.
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
12. FUTURE OF 4GFUTURE OF 4G::5G5G ((completed WWWW:completed WWWW:
World Wide Wireless WebWorld Wide Wireless Web):):
The idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, isThe idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, is
started fromstarted from 4G4G technologies. The followingtechnologies. The following
evolution will based onevolution will based on 4G4G and completed its ideaand completed its idea
to form a Real wireless world.to form a Real wireless world.
Thus, 5G should make an important difference andThus, 5G should make an important difference and
add more services and benefit to the world overadd more services and benefit to the world over
4G.4G. 5G should be a more intelligent technology5G should be a more intelligent technology
that interconnects the entire world without limits.that interconnects the entire world without limits.
13. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
As the history of mobile communicationsAs the history of mobile communications
shows, attempts have been made to reduce ashows, attempts have been made to reduce a
number of technologies to a single globalnumber of technologies to a single global
standard.standard.
4G seems to be a very promising generation of4G seems to be a very promising generation of
wireless communication that will change thewireless communication that will change the
people’s life in the wireless world.people’s life in the wireless world.
4G is expected to be launched by 2010 and the4G is expected to be launched by 2010 and the
world is looking forward for the most intelligentworld is looking forward for the most intelligent
technology that would connect the entire globe.technology that would connect the entire globe.