Brings the discussion about the challenges about how network densificiation addresses 5G high density traffic and related challegens. Discusses about: interefence mitigation; synchronism and latency management; high capilarity optical transport challenges; network optimization challenges and AI bennefits; importance of public policy and others.

1. Network densification
requirements
April 24th 2019
Diretoria de Estratégia, Tecnologia e Arquitetura de Rede
Ger. Estratégia e Arquitetura de Rede
Alberto Boaventura
5G & LTE LAtIN AMERICA 2019

2. Network Densification & Previous 5G LTE Latin America Editions
High Density Traffic
Indoor Environment
Why Centralizing?
Base Station Virtualization
Use Cases
Concerns
Why Virtualize?
Role of SDN & NFV in Mobile
Network Evolution
SON in New SDN/NFV
Architecture
Concerns & Open Questions:
Transmission & Transport;
Architecture &
Standardization. Security &
Performance
LTE Evolution and SmallCell
Capacity Improvement
Why Centralizing?
WHy Virtualizing?
Can Centralized NFV fit all
Mobile requirements?
MEC – Mobile Edge
Computing (Multiple Access
Edge Computing)
Role of mmWave in 5g
SmallCells
New Radio (NR) design
Transmission Concerns
New Fronthaul Network
Telecom is Changing
System Capacity
Frequency Requirements for MBB
LTE Advanced
Access Network Dimensioning
Handling High Density Traffic
Indoor Application
SmallCells Topology Alternatives
SmallCells vs DAS
Challenges for SmallCells
SmallCells and Future

3. Telecommunication Industry Scenarios: Evolution Waves
Internet Mobile Internet Internet of Things Tactile Internet
Transformation
Enabled global communications;
New form of entertainment;
Communication cheaper;
Communications everywhere;
Reachability of users and services;
Smartphone: becoming the main device for
access to content;
Smartphones => Beginning of Digital
Transformation;
Potentialized the use of Social Networks;
It will revolutionize all industrial segments
through electronic integration and
transaction, improving and optimizing its
production processes;
New innovation platform,
inaugurating a new economic moment;
Experience not only audiovisual, but full
immersion;
They will help users (humanity) in
complementing the perception of the
world by bringing more information
through sophisticated applications of
Augmented Reality and Artificial Reality;
Market
Voice traffic superior to data;
Voice is the most important service;
Non-Real-Time Applications
Fixed broadband growth is 42% (CAGR)
against 22% for mobile accesses;
Fixed Broadband> 64 kbps;
Default ADSL.1 = 1-8 Mbps
Growth of fixed broadband is 8% (CAGR)
against 33% for mobile broadband;
The number of MBB exceeds that of FBB in
2013;
Data traffic already outperforms voice
traffic. Data becomes more the most
important service;
In the next decade will be some tens of
billions of connected objects Explosion of
connected objects;
Services with low latency and security have
another relevance;
The 5G is promising with: expectation of 1
billion subscribers in less than 5 years of
operation; above 10 trillion in revenue
over the same period;
Latency becomes more relevant than the
rate for tactile Internet services;
Technology
World wide web
Dial Up
xDSL
Packet switching and TCP / IP
WAP
EDGE, HSPA / HSPA + and LTE / LTE-A
Android
Video streaming and sharing
Social networks
Global Roaming
Access LPWA, SigFox, LoRA, LTE-M
Computing in the Cloud;
Cognitive computing;
Big Data, Analytics, Machine Learning, AI
Blockchain
Low latency systems: SDN / NFV;
Fog Computing
Quantum Computing
Quantum Internet;
2020201020001990

4. Not all services can be supported by the existing network
Enhanced Mobile
Broadband
Massive
Machine Type
Ultra-Reliable &
Low Latency
Smart
Cities
Smart
Homes
Building
3D vídeo,
UHD,
Virtual
Reality
Augmented
Reality
Industry
Automation
Self
Driving
Car
Connected
Cars
Remote
Surgery
Source: GSMA 2017
Services planned for the next decade will have new requirements that are difficult for existing
networks to offer: peak rates greater than 10x; average rates 100x higher; 10x lower latency;
number of connections 100x higher among other aspects.

5. Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) 5G Vision
USE CASES BUSINESS MODEL VALUE CREATION
Asset
Provider
Connectivity
Provider
Partner
Service
Provider
XaaS; IaaS; NaaS; PaaS
Network Sharing
Basic Connectivity
Enhanced Connectivity
Operator Offer Enriched by Partner
Parter Offer Enriched by Operator
Broadband Access in
Dense Areas
Broadband Access
Everywhere
Higher User Mobility Massive Internet of Things
Extreme Real-Time
Communications Lifeline Communications
Ultra-reliable
Communications Broadcast-like Services HIGH RELIABLE AND FLEXIBLE NETWORK
SERVICEEXPERIENCETRUST
Security
Identity
Privacy
RealTime
Seamless
Personalized
Interaction&
Charging
QoS
Context
“5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation
towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent
experience, and enabled by sustainable business models”
Requirements
Attribute 3GPP Release 12 NGMN Requiremnents
Data rate per user Up to 100 Mbps on average
Peaks of 600 Mbps (Cat11/12)
> 10 X expected on average and peak rates
> 100 X expected on cell edge
End-toend latency 10 ms for two-way RAN (pre-
scheduled)
Typically up to 50 ms e2e I
> 10X (smaller)
Mobility Functional up to 350 km/h
No support for civil aviation
> 1,5 X
Spectral Efficiency DL: 0,074-6,1 bps/Hz
UL: 0.07-4.3 bps/Hz
Pushing for substantial increase
Connection Density 2000 Active Users/km2 > 100 X

6. Network Evolution Challenges
Technology
ITU Program IMT 2000 IMT Advanced IMT2020
Service Voice+Multimedia Voice+Internet Broadband+Video Ultra-broadband Internet of Everything
Throughput per
Sector
1 Mbps 10 Mbps 150 Mbps 1 Gbps 10 Gbps
Data Traffic <66 PB/Month 240 PB/Month 5300 PB/Month 37600 PB/Month
Connections Accesses = 500 millions Accesses= 1 billion
Accesses= 5 billions
Broadband= 0,8 billions
Accesses = 10 billions
Broadband= 3,5 billions
Accesses >30 billons
Broadband= 7,7 billions
Carrier 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 100 MHz
FR1: 100 MHz
FR2: 1 GHz
IMT Spectrum
WARC92 e WRC00 =
749 MHz
WRC07=+428 MHz
1177 MHz
WRC15= + 709 MHz
1886 MHz
WRC19 = + 10 GHz (?)
Site Density 1 site /km2 5 sites/km2 50 sites/km2 100 sites/km2 >100 sites/km2
Backhaul Capability 2 Mbps 20 Mbps
BH: 200 Mbps
FH: 9 Gbps
BH: 2 Gbps
FH: > 9 Gbps
BH: 1-10 Gbps
FH: 25/40/100/400/800 G
Latency 500 ms 100 ms 10 ms 10 ms <1 ms
World (Brasil) 2000(2008) 2005(2008) 2010(2013) 2015 (2017) 2018 (??)
Requirements

7. Network Planning Challenges
Multiple technologies and costs;
Service, technology and spectrum balancing;
Device subsidy;
Spectrum refarming;
Lifecycle Management
Digital Transformation
The network as an innovation platform
Adjacent Industries
Open Ecosystem
Revenue and recurring service partnerships
Application-driven development of products and services
through crowdsourcing
Agile and non-linear processes for decision making
Two-hour and two-month development processes
Beta testing with live clients
Customer Experience & Vision
Customer Centric Vision
Individualized view of the customer experience and its
services - not just the network;
Preventive and non-reactive action in network
management and services;
Service Assurance
TCO Optimization & Reduction
Revenue and Traffic decoupling
Centralization with consolidation of functions;
IP and Optical Transport networks consolidation;
Self-Organized Networks;
Automation;
New Technology;
New algorithms, multiplexing, modulation and access
technologies;
Increased Spectral Efficiency;
Diversity & Combination of Resources (MIMO, CA,
Cable bonding);
Interference Control;
Capacity & Resource Management
Flexible, Standardized & Open Architecture ;
More Capacity;
More Elasticity, Resiliency & Granularity;
Low latency;
Self Organized;
Service and Network State Awareness;
Network Slicing;
Architecture Evolution

8. Massive MIMO
Multi-Ste/Multi-lAyer Coordination
Advanced Interference Mitigation
Co-time, Co-Frequency Duplex, Network Coding
Technology life cycle and adoption
Market Scale
Enough Spectrum for each Application and level of
competition
Spectrum below 6 GHz and mmWave;
Larger Carrier Bandwidth
Shared and Unlicensed Spectrum (Cognitive Radio,
Authorized/Licensed Shared Access)
Dynamic and Spectrum Refarming
New site legal barriers
Tax barriers
New site investment
Interference control and mitigation
Backhaul capacity & capillarity
Resource Management
TECHNOLOGY AND SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY
𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ≤
𝑴
𝒏
∙ 𝑩𝑾 ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑰𝑵𝑹
MORE SPECTRUM SPLIT CELL & NETWORK DENSIFICIATION
Coverage
Cell Range
0,0 Mbps/km2
200,0 Mbps/km2
400,0 Mbps/km2
600,0 Mbps/km2
0,3 km0,4 km0,5 km0,6 km
Capacity  BaselineNew
Technology
More
Spectrum
A
H
F
C
D
B
Year X
Year X+1
Year X+2
Year X+3
E
More
Spectrum
More
Sites
G
Demands

New
Feature
𝑵𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝑩𝑾 ∙ 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 ∙ #𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒍𝑺𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒔
B
C
D
More
Sites
New
Feature
More
Spectrum
E
F
G
A
Different Strategies
depending on the
service requirements
Coverage Cell
Range

9. Spectrum Requirements
5G will represent the convergence of networks with different service requirements, which are better
supported using specific spectrum range.
ITU-R M.2290 Report has updated the spectrum forecast for the year 2020, which results in a needed
between 1340 and 1960 MHz (in Brazil 1129 MHz to 1676 MHz), depending on the market environment.
Below 1 GHz 1 to 3 GHz 3 to 6 GHz Above 24 GHz
Higher Connectivity Reliability Lower Connectivity Latency
massive Machine Type Communication Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Coverage Capacity
Low bands have good indoor penetration but small
bandwidth for broadband applications ..
SPECTRUM DILEMMA
90 MHz
150 MHz 200 MHz
500 MHz
13 GHz
700 MHz 1800 MHz 3500 MHz 5800 MHz
(LTE-U)
mmWave
Better Propagatiom
HigherBandwidth
Amount of Bandwidth
1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x
1x
2x
3x
4x
5x
6x
Cost per Gbps
Costperkm2
1-2 GHzN x 20 MHz (Total ~ 0,3 GHz) N x 100 MHz (Total ~ 3 GHz) 1-2 GHz (Total ~ 30 GHz)
BW
#CS 𝑪𝑨𝑷 = #𝑪𝑺 × 𝑩𝑾 × 𝑬𝑭
BW2
CS2
CS1
BW1
CS2 < CS1  BW2 > BW2
SYSTEM CAPACITY MMWAVE VS MIDBANDS
Less Cell Sites need more bandwidth for the same
system capacity. Source: Mobile Experts 2018

10. Shared Spectrum
Licensed Spectrum
• Legacy Systems: FSS, Mobile Networks (2G, 3G,
4G), broadcasters etc.;
• Exclusivity of use and low interference (quality);
• Difficulty of global harmonization and scale;
• There are more than 40 defined bands by 3GPP
for IMT bands;
Unlicensed Spectrum
• Short range systems for home connectivity:
WiFi; Bluetooth; Z-Wave; ZigBee etc;
• No exclusivity of use and interference with the
need for dynamic coordination;
• Harmonized worldwide: 2.4 GHz, 5GHz, 60 GHz;
Shared Spectrum
• New opportunity for coexistence and
dynamic coordination of services;
• Guarantee for incumbents, but there is no
guarantee for opportunistic use;
• Today there are initiatives: CBRS in the
USA with 3.5 GHz band; LSA in the EU with
2.3 GHz band and TVWS with 600 MHz
band;
New Revenues
• It should be directly through
traditional service plans or
indirectly, with more data
remaining "on-net."
Fast Deployment
• Dynamic spectrum
coordination that minimizes
the time to define rules of
coexistence;
User Experience
• Operators can enhance the
user experience through
carrier aggregation to LTE
New Business Models
• Neutral host solution for third
party operations in venues,
airports, etc .;
• It makes possible the
secondary market of spectrum
use;
Usage Efficiency
• It allows the use of spectrum
(scarce resource) in a region
where there is low use or low
impact to the operation of
another systems;
• Use of sub-bands of regional
use not tendered;
It is the simultaneous use of sub-bands of radio frequencies defined in a specific geographical area by a number of
independent entities. Simply, it is the "cooperative use of common spectrum" by multiple users.

11. Mmwave & Massive MIMO
MMWAVE  SMALL DISTANCE & SENSORS  LARGE ARRAYS
NARROW BEAMS  BEAMFORMING AND SPATIAL REUSEMASSIVE MIMO  HUGE CAPACITY AND COVERAGE IMPROVEMENT
h11
h12
h21
h22
𝒀 =
𝒉 𝟏𝟏 𝒉 𝟏𝟐
𝒉 𝟐𝟏 𝒉 𝟐𝟐
𝑿 + 𝒏
4x
3x
2x
1x
Capacity
Coverage 𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ~𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏+, 𝒎𝒊𝒏(𝑵 𝑻𝒙, 𝑵 𝑹𝒙) ∙ 𝑺𝑵𝑹
𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ~, 𝒎𝒊𝒏(𝑵 𝑻𝒙, 𝑵 𝑹𝒙) ∙ 𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹
LARGE ARRAYS  NARROW BEAMS & MASSIVE MIMO
...
p1
p2
pN

∆𝜽 𝑨𝒑=
𝟐
𝒅
𝝀
𝑵
1
2
N
• Reduce interference (better SINR)
• Spectrum reuse (multiple users share same
channel)
𝜸(𝚫)
𝚫
















Nsen
senN
Nsen
senN
1
2
2
1)(
2

)()()( 1  aaG H

...
p1
p2
pN


d d dd dd

Z(t)
p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7p1

Ericsson & IBM Module
• Azimuth Beamforming
• Elevation Beamforming
• 3D Beamforming
𝒅 ≈
𝝀
𝟐

12. 5G Traffic Capacity Challenge & Network Densification
Macro <1 GHz
Macro Mdbands <3 GHz.
Macro Midbands < 6GHz.
Higher Bands > 24 GHz
100,000-1,000,000
inhabitants/km2
10,000-100,000
inhabitants/km2
1,000-10,000
inhabitants/km2
100-1000
inhabitants/km2
< 100
inhabitants/km2
Rural Suburban Urban Ultra Dense Urban & IndoorDense Urban
x10 x10 x10 x10
Population
density
100 -1,000
Gbps/km2
10-100
Gbps/km2
1 – 10
Gbps/km2
100-1000
Mbps/km2
< 100
Mbps/km2
x10 x10 x10 x10
Traffic
Density
1 Mbps
100 MHz
640 MHz
1000 MHz1,0 X
6,4 X
10,0 X
LTE-A LTE-A PRO 5G NR R15
Bandwidth Capacity
1,0 X 1,6 X 2,1 X
3,4 X
13,9 X
LTE MIMO
2x2 - 64
QAM
LTE MIMO
4x4 - 64
QAM
LTE MIMO
4x4 - 256
QAM
5G MIMO
8x8 - 256
QAM
5G MIMO
64x64 -
256 QAM
0,0 X
20,0 X
40,0 X
60,0 X
0 site/km2 40 site/km2 80 site/km2
Spectrum Range Spectral Efficiency Cellsite Density
1000
MHz
10
bps/Hz
100
sites/km2
X X =
Demand5GCapacity

13. Network Densification
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 9 x
2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5)
+1800 MHz (10) SmallCell
Year X+1 X+2 X+3 X+4 X+5
Legend Notes:
2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario;
+1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz;
+1800 (10): Additional 10 MHz;
SmallCell: Using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz
TCO

A B C
X
130 dB
135 dB
140 dB
145 dB
150 dB
0,1 km 0,6 km 1,1 km 1,6 km
73 GHz 28 GHz 3500 MHz 2600 MHz
2100 MHz 1800 MHz 700 MHz
<120m
<150m
400m
600m
700m
900m
2000m
BASIC IDEA AFFORDABLE SOLUTION PROPAGATION CONSTRAINT
Why Network Densification?
ACCESS NETWORK TRANSPORT NETWORK OTHER OPERATIONAL BARRIERS
Main Concerns and Requirements
Interference & Mitigation
Latency
Architecture Changes (Functional Split)
Mobility Management
Self Organized Network & AI
Network Planning
New transport Network: Fronthaul & Midhaul
Fiber Capacity & Capillarity
Transport & Access Network Synchronization
SDN Multi-Domain Controller
Higher interface capacity
Public Policy & Tax Exemption
Site acquisition
Visual Pollution
Energy & Battery Backup
1/N
M/N
It reqquires a high density cells for providing service coverage

14. BBU
BBU
5G Latency dependence
TDD BANDS INTERFERENCE 5G URLLC & UPF ON THE BORDER
ICC & COMP MASSIVE MIMO
DL UL DL UL
Victim
Victim
BS to BS
Interferation
UE to UE
Interferation
Aggressor
Aggressor
PCRF
HLR/HSS
OCS/
OFCS
S-GW P-GWMME
IMS
RRHRRH
Internet
Oper. A Oper. B
500ms – 1s
1 ms
100µs
5µs
1 µs
150ns
65ns
LegacyNetworks(2G,3G,
4G)&Billing
5GURLLCRequirmeent
AssynchronousDual
Connectivity(100µs)
TDDBands
CoMP&ICIC
CAIntra-band
massiveMIMO
X 10-3
X 10-1
X 10-1
X 10-1
X 10-1
X 10-1
LogarithmScale
X2 (1 µs)
Victim Cell
hnm
h21
h12
h11
Internet
<1 ms
X2 (1 µs)
h11
h12 h21
h22
65 ns
±50 ppb
(Wide Area)
±100 ppb
(Medium/Local Area)
±250 ppb
(Home Area)
Master Clock or
GPS closer to
access
Synchronization is a key enabler for 5G
network and services: since to provide new
tactile internet experience till to allow
algorithms to resource and interference
management and optimization for improve
network capacity
<1 ms
5µs

15. Latency & Network Architecture/Topology Changes
UP AND CP SEGREGATION  USER EXPERIENCEC-RAN  CAPACITY IMPROVEMENTCURRENT LTE NETWORK
AtCoreAtEdge
Internet
Backhaul
...
PCRF
HLR/HSS
OCS/
OFCS
S-GW P-GWMME
IMS Internet
Backhaul
RANgoestotheCenter
InterferenceMitigation
IncreaseCapacity
Internet
CoregoestotheEdge:
Lowlatency
TrafficOptimization
Interference between cell
sites redeuces the overall
network capacity
ThedistancebetweenUEand
Internetandgreatnumberof
hopsproducesahugeimpact
inlatency
Backhaul
BBU
RRH
BBU
RRH
PCF
UDR
SMF
UPF
AMF
Other
RURU
Fronthaul
DU
DU
Midhaul
0-10 km
50-200 µs
100 G+ links
L2
P2P & P2MP
20-40 km
1-2ms
100 G+ links
L2/L3
40-200 km
< 10 ms
400 G+ links
L3
RURU
Fronthaul
DU
DU
Midhaul
0-10 km
50-200 µs
100 G+ links
L2
P2P & P2MP
20-40 km
1-2ms
100 G+ links
L2/L3
40-200 km
< 10 ms
400 G+ links
L3
PCF
UDM
SMFAMF
Other
CU
CU
UPFCU
CU
≤ 1ms
1µs
1µs

16. Transport Network
FRONTHAUL HIGH TRANSMISSION CAPILLARITY
The investment of optical fiber soars as cell site
density grows.
For instance, at 100 Cell Sites per square kilometer
can be needed 20-50 km of optical fiber per square
kilometer.
New fronthaul interface must be used, such as: eCPRI
and NGFI, in order for optimizing the network
resources.
SDN multi-domain controller will be needed for network
slicing, but it will necessary for transport resource
management optimization, reserving and dynamically
configuring the proper resource for accomplishing the
overall 5G service requirements.
HIGH FIBER OPTICAL DENSITY REQUIREMENTS
BBU
CPRI
OBSAI
ETSI ORI
Data
Control
Sync
RRU/
RRH
BBU N
BBU 2
BBU 1
CRAN
CoMP and e-ICIC can increase system capacity in 30
times distributed network; and they are feasible using
C-RAN. However C-RAN needs fronthaul to connect
RF modules.
Based on ITU Technical Report GSTR-TN5G,
fronthaul needs as throughput:
𝐵𝐶𝑃𝑅𝐼 = 𝐴 ∙ 𝑓𝑠∙ 𝑏𝑠 ∙ 2 ∙ (16⁄15), where: A is the
number of antennas per sector; 𝑓𝑠 represents the
sample rate (15.36 MS/s per 10 MHz radio
bandwidth) and 𝑏𝑠 the number of bits per sample (15
for LTE).
For massive MIMO and higher bandwidth, such as
mmWave, the fronthaul requirements will explode.
Also, mmWave has a benefit to provide a very high
capacity but a short range coverage. Thus, multiplying
the number of Smallcells .
These Smallcells will be controlled in the cloud (Cloud
RAN) and will need fiber optics for connectivity;
Combination of huge number of Smallcells with fiber
premises for connectivity will bring an important
concern for 5G infrastructure.
Higher order transport capacity (fiber) X Higher
number of cellsites will impose a huge challenge to
network operators for accomplish the 5G requirements;
Some nations have created programs for helping
countrywide fiber deployment.
0 km(fiber)/km2
10 km(fiber)/km2
20 km(fiber)/km2
30 km(fiber)/km2
40 km(fiber)/km2
50 km(fiber)/km2
60 km(fiber)/km2
10CS/km2
20CS/km2
30CS/km2
40CS/km2
50CS/km2
60CS/km2
70CS/km2
80CS/km2
90CS/km2
100CS/km2
2,5 Gbps 80,0 Gbps
3200,0
Gbps
12800,0
Gbps
LTE (MIMO 2x2,
20 MHz)
5G (MIMO 8x8,
200 MHz)
5G (MIMO 8x8,
1 GHz)
5G (MIMO
16x16, 1 GHz)

17. New Fronthaul Network
CPRI
RoE
SBI/Fronthaul
NBI/Internet
Hardware Poll
Virtualization Layer
BBU1
...
O&M/Orchestrator
BBU2
BBUn
EPC
IMS
MTAS
RRH
RRH
RRH
Time Sensitive
Network (TSN)
Fronthaul
IP Backhaul
SDNController
IEEE
1588
vBBU in MEC,
Radio Cloud
Center or Telco
Datacenter
Radio over
Ethernet 
CPRI converter
Ethernet TSN
based Network
RAU
RF/DF
L1Off.
NGFI
CPRI
RoE
Agg.
NEW TRANSPORT NETWORK HIGH TRANSMISSION CAPILLARITYNEW TRANSPORT INTERFACES
IEEE P1914.3 - CPRI over Ethernet mapper/de-mapper
IEEE P1914.1 – (NGFI) Next Generation Fronthaul Interface
IEEE 802.3 – (TSN) Time Sensitive Network features
IEEE 1588v2 – Synchronization
L2(MAC/RLC/PDCP)L1(PHY)
Resource
Mapping & IFFT
Layer Mapping
Precoding
Modulation
Bit-level
Processing
Resource
Mapping & FFT
Layer Mapping
Precoding
IDFT &
Demodulation
Bit-level
Processing
Low MAC
High MAC
RLC
Dual
Connection
PDCP
CPRI
PHY Pre – PHY IFFT
PHY Bit – PHY Sym
MAC - PHY
MAC Hi – MAC Lo
PLCP - RLC
FronthaulBandwidthRequirement
FronthaulDelayRequirement
High Stringent
Low Relaxed
CentralizedGain
High
Low
FronthaulCost
High
Low
SBI/Fronthaul
NBI/Internet
Hardware Poll
Virtualization Layer
BBU1
...
O&M/Orchestrator
BBU2
BBUn
EPC
IMS
MTAS
DU
Next Generation Fronthaul Interface
Network Slicing & Flexible Protocol Stack Split
Load Balancing and Statistical Mutiplexing
MIMO => RRH
Coordinating function => vBBU
CU

18. Network Densification & Artificial Intelligence
RU
DU
MEC
NFVI
HW
MobileEdgeHostLevel
Manager
CU
RAN
Analytics
RAN
Optimization
Location
Performance
Service Aware
Anomaly detection
RRM Scheduler
SON
CU
RF OPTIMIZATION NEW SERVICES & SON
AI Based Services & Optimization:
Indoor Location
UL Control/CQI RRM Optimization
Scheduler for Massive MIMO & CoMP
Beam Pattern Optimization
RLC
MAC
L1-Hi
Fronthaul
Midhaul (F1 Interface)
Scheduler
Li-LO
RF
B/H/
GTP
PDCP
Bearer
RRCRRM (control plane)
UP/QoE opt
OPPORTUNITIES
URLLC
Public Safety
Autonomous
Driving
mMTC
Smart City
Smart
Manufacturing
eMBB
VR/AR
Massive
Streaming
• Innovation
• New Business Models;
• Value Added Services;
• New Revenues;
CNNRNNDBN
Massive
MIMO
mmWave
Network
Densification
 

 
• A single 5G node has more than 2000 parameters.
50x complexity increase from 4G to 5G
• Reduce Complexity and Increase automation
• Reduce R&D effort for searching new algorithms
• Improve Network and User Performance
Source: Nokia & IEEE Communications Magazine Mar-2019
New Advanced Services
Network Operation Automation
• Spatial coding can be improved by using new AI algorithms
for beamforming, side lobe canceller multiple beams etc.
• 5G network will benefit from both AI and small cell
deployments, where complex radio resource management
at “pixel” level can be performed more efficiently.
• AI will help 5G to use hybrid spectrum microwave and
mmWave bands and different types of licensing by using
smart scheduling.

d d dd dd
p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7p1

...
Complex weights for
beamforming, side lobe
canceller, multiple
beams etc,
Hidden Layers
Different input
parameters for
optimizing & training
Output

19. Regulation Advances in Brazil
Ownership
Restricted
Radiation
Tax
exemption
LAW 13.116/2015 (ANTENNA’S LAW)LAW 13.097/2015 (ART 134 SMALLCELL)RESOLUTION 624/2013 (FEMTOCELL)
(Art 3r) Femtocell is considered a
network element, accessory to Mobile
Operator and It is forbidden the use for
the private network establishment
(Art. 4) Femtocell is a restricted
radiation and operates on a secondary
basis in frequency bands. The
maximum power measured at the
transmitter output can not be greater
than 1 Watt.
(Art 5) It is exempt from licensing for
installation and operation, subject to
any licensing required by regulation for
the interfaces related to your data
connection to the Mobile Operator.
< 5 W
(0%)
(Art 134 §4rth) Tax exemption for base
stations, and repeaters whose power
maximum peak measured at the
transmitter output, not exceeding 5 W .
5-10 W
(10%)
(Art 134 §5rth) Base stations and
repeaters with power from 5 W and 10
W affect the installation inspection fees
equal to 10% of the amounts applicable
to the other base stations and
repeaters.
> 10 W
(100%)
(Art 134) Remainder base stations
have full tax
(Art. 1) This law establishes general
rules concerning the licensing process,
installation and telecommunications
infrastructure sharing, in order to make
it consistent with the socioeconomic
development of the country.
Scope
(Art.2) Promote investment in
telecommunications infrastructure by:
standardization; simplification ;
speeding up procedures; license
granting criteria; minimization of urban,
and environmental impacts; increase
network capacity; encourage
infrastructure sharing; Etc.
Motivation
&
Goals
(Art. 7) The licenses will be issued by
simplified procedure. The deadline for
issuance of any license may not exceed
sixty (60) days from the date the
application is made.
Deadline
for License
Issued
Sharing
(Art. 14) It is mandatory to share the
excess capacity of the supporting
infrastructure, except where justified
technical reason.
SmallCell
License
Exemption
(Art. 10) The law exempts small cells
from licenses, but their installation in
urban areas will be subject to future
regulation.

20. Summary
● Innovation Platform: The 5G is strategic technology for several nations around world and its deployments will positively affect virtually all sectors of the industry,
generating 12.3 trillion dollars on a global scale in next decade - according to IHS Markit 2017. Adoption, integration in many industry sectors will strengthen 5G's role in
transforming technology in a GPT (Generic Purpose Technology).
● Tactile Internet: 5G will open a new set of internet services beyond audiovisual experiences with full interactive immersion. The latency will become more important
than throughput in telecom services.
● Resource Management: The planned services for 5G will have new requirements that are difficult for existing networks to offer: peak rates greater than 10x; average
rates 100x higher; 10x lower latency; number of connections 100x higher among other aspects. The proper resource management is one the key concern for providing
successful 5G experience in conjunction with affordable services;
● Spectrum & Spectral Efficiency: Different use cases (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC) require different network resources and technologies. Thus, different spectrum ranges
matches specific requirements since: massive connected devices, mission-critical services and higher
● Network Densification: The expected traffic density for 5G broadband services will surpass 1 Tbps/km2. This demand can only be attended by using a combination of
higher spectrum bandwidth (such as mmWave) and network densification. Both mmWave and Network Densification will drive SmallCells deployments, playing
important role for enhance network capacity bringing affordable solution for demands of 800 Mbps/km2 and above;
● Fiber Optics. Combination of huge number of Smallcells with fiber premises for connectivity will bring an important concern for 5G infrastructure. Fiber is main
requirement for 5G Cell Sites (Macro and Small). Oi, as fixed incumbent operator in 26 Brazilian states, with over 370,000 km of fiber, has distinguish position in 5G
infrastructure for serving to own mobile network service, but all remainder Brazilian mobile operators.
● Artificial Intelligence: A single 5G node has more than 2000 parameters and the complexity increases 50x from 4G to 5G. In Network Densification the number of cell
sites will be 10 to 100 times 4G deployments, requiring a lot efforts for network configuration and optimization. Sophisticated algorithms to guarantee a proper operation
will be required.
● Public Policy: On 2018, FCC has published “FCC’s 5G FAST Plan” breaking some barriers for SmallCells deployments, since tax exemption or minimize the impact of
licensing. In Brazil, since 5 years ago Brazillian government has been done an important steps in order to create a right environment for SmallCells deployments, such
as: femtocells regulation, tax exemption for smallcells and making use of the smallcells deployments more flexible in Antennas’ Law.

21. Alberto Boaventura
alberto@oi.net.br
¡Gracias!
Thanks!
Obrigado!
Q&A