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4_Earth_and_Life_Science.pptx
- 1. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
- 2. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Rocks
- 3. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the three types of rocks; 2. classify rocks as to igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; and 3. appreciate the importance of rocks in our daily life.
- 4. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Competency
- 5. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Uses of Rocks
- 6. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 What is Rock? • Rock- a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals
- 7. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 What is Rock? • Rock- a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals • Petrology- the scientific study of rocks
- 8. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 • Earth is a solid rock to a depth of 2,900 kilometers, where mantle meets the liquid outer core. A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals. The aggregate minerals forming the rocks are held together by chemical bonds. Grains can be different in color, texture, and sizes. Geologists then group rocks into three categories based on how the rocks form: igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Petrology is the scientific study of rocks. Petrologists classify rocks based on how they were formed.
- 9. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Three Types of Rocks
- 10. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 1. Igneous- formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that originates deep within the earth. Igneous is based on Latin term Ignis meaning fire
- 11. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Two types of igneous rock • Extrusive/Volcanic rock - forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s surface as lava and then cools. The crystals are very small (fine grained) since the cooling process is fast.
- 12. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 • Intrusive/Plutonic - It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are created by magma. The intrusive igneous rocks have very large crystals (coarse grained).
- 13. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4
- 14. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Igneous rocks are classified based on 1. Composition • FELSIC - light in color; feldspar and silicates • MAFIC - dark in color; made up of magnesium and iron • INTERMEDIATE – between mafic and felsic • ULTRAMAFIC - very dark color
- 15. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Igneous rocks are classified based on 2. Texture- overall appearance of rock • Aphanistic - fine grained • Phaneritic- coarse grained • Porphyritic- large crystals with small crystals • Glassy- non-ordered solid from rapid quenching • Pyroclastic- composite of ejected fragments • Examples: Obsidian, pumice, basalt, granite, diorite, gabbro
- 16. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4
- 17. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 2. Metamorphic - forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary Examples: Quartzite, marble, slate, phyllite
- 18. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 2. Metamorphic - forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary Examples: Quartzite, marble, slate, phyllite Metamorphism- transformation of one rock type into another
- 19. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Types of Metamorphism 1. Contact Metamorphism- mainly by heat due to contact with magma
- 20. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Types of Metamorphism 2. Regional Metamorphism- due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region in the crust
- 21. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Types of Metamorphic Rocks • Foliated Metamorphic Rocks- appeared banded or layered (ex. Gneiss, Schist)
- 22. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Types of Metamorphic Rocks • Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks- the grains are random and do not split into layers
- 23. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4
- 24. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 3. Sedimentary rocks provide information about surface conditions that existed in the Earth’s past.
- 25. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 • Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of materials called sediments, accumulate in layers and over long period of time harden into rocks. • Compaction-due to increase of pressure of layered sediments it bind together to form the sedimentary rocks.
- 26. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Three types of sedimentary rocks • Clastic Sedimentary rock - formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces of broken rocks and shells. Examples: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, shale
- 27. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Clastic Sedimentary Rock
- 28. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Three types of sedimentary rocks • Chemical - formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution. • Example: Halite - formed when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates.
- 29. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Three types of sedimentary rocks • Organic – made from the remains of plants and animals; and may contain fossils • Example: Coal - composed of organic matter in the form of plants fragments.
- 30. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Identify and classify the types of rocks below as to igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. Sedimentary Sedimentary Metamorphic Sedimentary Igneous
- 31. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Fill in the table below by providing basic information about the types of rocks. You may refer to the words in the box below. Intrusive extrusive Obsidian, granite Basalt pumice Crystallization cooling Clastic Non- Clastic Breccia, conglomerate Compaction Lithification cementation Contact Regional Metamorphism Limestone sandstone Metamorphism
- 32. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Performance Task • Activity 4: Find your Rock (Page 6) • Direction: Gather rocks in your surroundings. Take a picture. Answer the questions that follow.
- 33. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Post Assessment
- 34. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Petrologist classifies rocks based on how they were formed. What is the branch that deals with the study of rocks? • A. Biology B. Geology • C. Paleontology D. Petrology D. Petrology
- 35. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Igneous rock is divided into two groups, extrusive and intrusive Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma makes its way to its surface as lava and the cools forming rocks. Which of the following will be the characteristics of the crystals? A. Crystals are coarse grained. B. Crystals are fine grained. C. Crystals are very large. D. Crystals are phaneritic B. Crystals are fine grained.
- 36. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 What type of rocks are formed from sediments over long period of time? A. Igneous Rocks C. Metamorphic Rocks B. Sedimentary Rocks D. Minerals B. Sedimentary Rocks
- 37. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an: A. Intrusive metamorphic rock B. Extrusive sedimentary rock C. Intrusive igneous rock D. Extrusive igneous rock C. Intrusive igneous rock
- 38. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Which of the following is true about rocks? B. Most rocks are a mixture of minerals. A. Rocks are composed of only one mineral. B. Most rocks are a mixture of minerals. C. Rocks do not contain minerals. D. Coal is not considered a rock.
- 39. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 END
- 40. EARTH AND LIFESCIENCE Module 4 Written Task • Answer Activity 2: Types of Rock Concept Map (Page 4) and Activity 3: The Rock Cycle (Page 5) • Submission: Set A: Monday and Tuesday (Sept 12 & 13) Set B: Thursday and Friday (Sept 15 & 16)
Editor's Notes
- #17 Imagine walking along a rocky coast as a storm blows in from the sea. The wind whips the ocean into whitecaps, and waves crash onto the shore. Before you have time to escape, blowing spray has soaked your clothes. A hard rain begins as you scrambled over the rocks to your car. During the adventure, you have observed the spheres of the Earth.
- #24 Imagine walking along a rocky coast as a storm blows in from the sea. The wind whips the ocean into whitecaps, and waves crash onto the shore. Before you have time to escape, blowing spray has soaked your clothes. A hard rain begins as you scrambled over the rocks to your car. During the adventure, you have observed the spheres of the Earth.
- #31 The Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flows, the atmosphere (air), biosphere (living things), hydrosphere (water), and geosphere (land). The atmosphere provides the geosphere with heat and energy needed for rock breakdown and erosion. The biosphere receives gases, heat, and sunlight (energy) from the atmosphere. It receives water from the hydrosphere and a living medium from the geosphere.
- #32 The Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flows, the atmosphere (air), biosphere (living things), hydrosphere (water), and geosphere (land). The atmosphere provides the geosphere with heat and energy needed for rock breakdown and erosion. The biosphere receives gases, heat, and sunlight (energy) from the atmosphere. It receives water from the hydrosphere and a living medium from the geosphere.