4.4 Conversion Obversion And Contraposition
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Course lecture I developed over section 4.4 of Patrick Hurley\'s "A Concise Introduction to Logic".
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Contraposition is a logical operation that forms a new proposition from an original one by negating or contradicting terms. There are two types: partial/simple contraposition changes quality between affirmative and negative but not subject and predicate terms, while complete contraposition changes both quality and subject and predicate terms. Partial contraposition changes an affirmative proposition to a negative one and vice versa. Complete contraposition preserves quality but changes subject and predicate terms such that if the original proposition is affirmative, so is the contraposition.
predicateLogic.ppt
Propositional logic and predicate logic are knowledge representation languages used in AI. Propositional logic uses symbols to represent simple statements, while predicate logic (first-order logic) is more expressive and commonly used, using predicates, quantifiers and variables to represent relationships about objects in the world. Some key aspects of first-order logic include its syntax, semantics, how it can represent statements about universality and existence using quantifiers, and how it can be used to formally represent real-world knowledge and relationships.
Advance english 4[1]
The document describes 9 ways that basic English sentence patterns can be transformed:
1) Passive voice
2) Existential "there is/there are"
3) Cleft sentences
4) Negative form
5) Yes/no interrogative
6) Wh- interrogative
7) Emphatic form
8) Imperative
9) Exclamatory
For each transformation, the document provides examples and explains how to make the change to the sentence structure or add/move words. Multiple transformations can be applied at once.
Advance english 4[1]
This document describes 9 ways that basic English sentence patterns can be transformed:
1. Passive voice
2. Existential "there is/are"
3. Cleft sentences
4. Negative
5. Yes/no interrogative
6. Wh- interrogative
7. Emphatic
8. Imperative
9. Exclamatory
For each transformation, the document provides examples and explains how to make the change to the sentence structure. It notes that multiple transformations can be applied sequentially to a single sentence.
categorical logic.ppt
This document discusses Aristotle's four categorical propositions: A, E, I, and O. It explains that these propositions classify relationships between subject and predicate terms into universal affirmative (A), universal negative (E), particular affirmative (I), and particular negative (O). The document provides examples of each proposition type and discusses how they distribute or do not distribute the subject and predicate terms. It also explains the logical relationships between the different proposition types, including how they can be contradictories, contraries, or subcontraries based on whether their truth values allow both to be true/false.
Law of distribution
This document discusses categorical propositions and the distribution of terms. It begins by defining categorical propositions as relationships between two classes or categories. It then explains the four forms of categorical propositions based on their quantity (universal or particular) and quality (affirmative or negative). The main topic is how terms are distributed in each proposition type, with universal propositions distributing the subject and particular negative propositions distributing the predicate. In the conclusion, it restates that A propositions distribute the subject only, E propositions distribute both terms, I propositions do not distribute either, and O propositions distribute the predicate only.
5_6192566572737889031 structure of argument
The document discusses categorical propositions and arguments. It defines key terms like subject, predicate, premises, and conclusion. It explains the structure of categorical propositions using quantifiers and distribution of terms. It also discusses different types of arguments like deductive, inductive, and abductive. It explains mood and figure of categorical syllogisms using examples. Finally, it introduces the square of opposition and the four basic relationships between categorical propositions: contrary, subcontrary, contradictory and subalternation.
Hum 200 w4 ch5 catprops
This document discusses categorical propositions, including their four classes (A, E, I, O), quality, quantity, distribution, and opposition. It describes the traditional square of opposition and immediate inferences. It then introduces the Boolean interpretation, which removes existential import from universal propositions and transforms the square of opposition. Finally, it presents symbolic notation and Venn diagrams for representing categorical propositions under the Boolean interpretation.
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