Simulation of AlGaN/Si and InN/Si ELECTRIC –DEVICESijrap
In this work, efficient solar-blind metal-semiconductor photodetectors grown on Si (111) by
molecular beam epitaxy are reported. Growth details are described,the comparison enters the
properties electric of InN/Si and AlGaN/Si photodectors with 0.2 μm of AlGaN and InN layers.
Modeling and simulation were performed by using ATLAS-TCAD simulator. Energy band
diagram, doping profile, conduction current density,I-V caracteristic , internal potential and
electric field were performed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Горбунов Н.А., Государственная морская академия им. С.О. Макарова, г. Санкт-Петербург
Разработка плазменных технологий для прямого фотоэлектрического преобразования с сфокусированного солнечного излучения
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Simulation of AlGaN/Si and InN/Si ELECTRIC –DEVICESijrap
In this work, efficient solar-blind metal-semiconductor photodetectors grown on Si (111) by
molecular beam epitaxy are reported. Growth details are described,the comparison enters the
properties electric of InN/Si and AlGaN/Si photodectors with 0.2 μm of AlGaN and InN layers.
Modeling and simulation were performed by using ATLAS-TCAD simulator. Energy band
diagram, doping profile, conduction current density,I-V caracteristic , internal potential and
electric field were performed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Горбунов Н.А., Государственная морская академия им. С.О. Макарова, г. Санкт-Петербург
Разработка плазменных технологий для прямого фотоэлектрического преобразования с сфокусированного солнечного излучения
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An introduction to the fundamental physics of transparent conducting oxides including a review of the electrical and optical properties of common materials.
In vacuum nano electronics different electron sources are used. They usually consist of hot or cold zirconia, tungsten, or carbon tips, the latter being in diamond or nanotube form. Electron sources of a special composite of precious metal crystals, which are embedded in a fullerene matrix, were first developed in 1992 at the Research Institute of Deutsche Telekom FTZ in Darmstadt, Germany. With those very high emission current densities were achieved and were brought to applications. Outstanding room temperature conductivities were achieved with these nanogranular composite materials, and are presented here along with a model to explain the measured data,
ChemFET fabrication, device physics and sensing mechanismRichard Yang
Ph.D. thesis work at UCSD. Developed ChemFET from Si substrate to functioning device, bluetooth enabled handheld package. The integrated nanosensor concept 10yrs could come to live on wearable electronics train.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An introduction to the fundamental physics of transparent conducting oxides including a review of the electrical and optical properties of common materials.
In vacuum nano electronics different electron sources are used. They usually consist of hot or cold zirconia, tungsten, or carbon tips, the latter being in diamond or nanotube form. Electron sources of a special composite of precious metal crystals, which are embedded in a fullerene matrix, were first developed in 1992 at the Research Institute of Deutsche Telekom FTZ in Darmstadt, Germany. With those very high emission current densities were achieved and were brought to applications. Outstanding room temperature conductivities were achieved with these nanogranular composite materials, and are presented here along with a model to explain the measured data,
ChemFET fabrication, device physics and sensing mechanismRichard Yang
Ph.D. thesis work at UCSD. Developed ChemFET from Si substrate to functioning device, bluetooth enabled handheld package. The integrated nanosensor concept 10yrs could come to live on wearable electronics train.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
PHYSICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THERMAL HEATING IN VERTICAL INTEGRATED ...ijcses
Interconnect is one of the main performance determinant of modern integrated circuits (ICs). The new
technology of vertical ICs places circuit blocks in the vertical dimension in addition to the conventional
horizontal plane. Compared to the planar ICs, vertical ICs have shorter latencies as well as lower power
consumption due to shorter wires. This also increases speed, improves performances and adds to ICs
density. The benefits of vertical ICs increase as we stack more dies, due to successive reductions in wire
lengths. However, as we stack more dies, the lattice self-heating becomes a challenging and critical issue
due to the difficulty in cooling down the layers away from the heat sink. In this paper, we provide a
quantitative electro-thermal analysis of the temperature rise due to stacking. Mathematical models based
on steady state non-isothermal drift-diffusion transport equations coupled to heat flow equation are used.
These physically based models and the different heat sources in semiconductor devices will be presented
and discussed. Three dimensional numerical results did show that, compared to the planar ICs, the
vertical ICs with 2-die technology increase the maximum temperature by 17 Kelvin in the die away from
the heat sink. These numerical results will also be presented and analyzed for a typical 2-die structure of
complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors.
A Hybrid Model to Predict Electron and Ion Distributions in Entire Interelect...Fa-Gung Fan
Atmospheric direct current (dc) corona discharge
from thin wires or sharp needles has been widely used as an ion
source in many devices such as photocopiers, laser printers, and
electronic air cleaners. Existing numerical models to predict the
electron distribution in the corona plasma are based on charge
continuity equations and the simplified Boltzmann equation. In
this paper, negative dc corona discharges produced from a thin
wire in dry air are modeled using a hybrid model of modified
particle-in-cell plus Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) and a
continuum approach. The PIC-MCC model predicts densities of
charge carriers and electron kinetic energy distributions in the
plasma region, while the continuum model predicts the densities of
charge carriers in the unipolar ion region. Results from the hybrid
model are compared with those from prior continuum models.
Superior to the prior continuum model, the hybrid model is able
to predict the voltage–current curve of corona discharges. The
PIC-MCC simulation results also suggest the validity of the local
approximation used to solve the Boltzmann equation in the prior
continuum model.
MD simulations of radiation effects in Ti-Al based structural intermetallicsRoman Voskoboynikov
You need to download the pdf file to see the embedded video clips. The presentation was given at 15th International Conference 'Materials for Innovative Energy: Development, Characterization and Application', 23-27 October 2017, NRNU MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
Analysis and optimization of wireless power transfer linkAjay Kumar Sah
In this paper, a high efficiency Gallium nitride (GaN), HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) class-E power amplifier for the wireless power transfer link is designed and simulated on PSpice. A four-coil wireless power transfer link is modeled for maximum power transfer efficiency on ADS (Advanced Design System) and frequency splitting phenomenon is demonstrated, explained and analyzed. Two resonant coupling structures, series & mixed, are presented and compared. The efficiency performance of the link is studied using spiral and helical antennas of different wire make. In addition, techniques for improving efficiency of the wireless power transfer systems with changing coupling coefficient viz. frequency splitting phenomenon of the coils are proposed.
Effect of mesh grid structure in reducing hot carrier effect of nmos device s...ijcsa
This paper presents the critical effect of mesh grid that should be considered during process and device
simulation using modern TCAD tools in order to develop and optimize their accurate electrical
characteristics. Here, the computational modelling process of developing the NMOS device structure is
performed in Athena and Atlas. The effect of Mesh grid on net doping profile, n++, and LDD sheet
resistance that could link to unwanted “Hot Carrier Effect” were investigated by varying the device grid
resolution in both directions. It is found that y-grid give more profound effect in the doping concentration,
the junction depth formation and the value of threshold voltage during simulation. Optimized mesh grid is
obtained and tested for more accurate and faster simulation. Process parameter (such as oxide thicknesses
and Sheet resistance) as well as Device Parameter (such as linear gain “beta” and SPICE level 3 mobility
roll-off parameter “ Theta”) are extracted and investigated for further different applications.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen or another fuel to cleanly and efficiently produce electricity. If hydrogen is the fuel, electricity, water, and heat are the only products. Fuel cells are unique in terms of the variety of their potential applications; they can provide power for systems as large as a utility power station and as small as a laptop computer. Fuel cells can be used in a wide range of applications, including transportation, material handling, stationary, portable, and emergency backup power applications. Fuel cells have several benefits over conventional combustion-based technologies currently used in many power plants and passenger vehicles. Fuel cells can operate at higher efficiencies than combustion engines and can convert the chemical energy in the fuel to electrical energy with efficiencies of up to 60%. Fuel cells have lower emissions than combustion engines. Hydrogen fuel cells emit only water, so there are no carbon dioxide emissions and no air pollutants that create smog and cause health problems at the point of operation. Also, fuel cells are quiet during operation as they have fewer moving parts. This work is a representation of Ansys capabilities to simulate fuel cell for academic learning .
1. Advanced Thermionic Energy Converters: Enabling Technology for
Low Greenhouse Futures
Investigators
Mark Cappelli, Professor, Mechanical Engineering; Tsuyohito Ito, Post-Doctoral
Researcher; Patrick Sullivan, Robin Bell, Matt Mowers, Graduate Researchers
Introduction
This research involves the study of the use of diode laser excitation to alter/enhance
the production of cesium (Cs) ions in the gap of a Cs-filled ignited (arc) or unignited
Thermionic Energy Converter (TEC). Continuous-wave laser energy addition tuned to an
excited electronic transition in Cs is used to “inject” ions/plasma at levels sufficient for
space-charge neutralization of the electron stream emitted by the thermionic cathode.
Such volume production eliminates the need for thermionic ion production at the cathode
surface (in so-called unignited TECs), and/or electron collisional ionization within the
gap (in so-called ignited or “arc” mode TECs). In some ways, this laser-ion injection is
similar to an ion injection “triode” TEC configuration which is considered state-of-the art
in TEC design, but is free of the complexity of the later, not requiring an immersed,
electrically-heated grid. In addition to increasing TEC efficiency (as it is postulated that
the cost of ionization using optical excitation can be less than that in either a triode or an
arc-mode TEC), the optical excitation can be modulated to produce a corresponding
modulation in output TEC current, greatly facilitating power conditioning. This modified
TEC can be thought of as an advanced heat engine, and if the efficiency can be made
sufficiently high, can serve as a topping cycle for combustion and solar energy
conversion systems. A schematic (qualitative) illustration of the current-voltage response
of the laser-assisted TEC operation, and its comparison to ideal and arc-ignited TEC
performance is shown in Fig. 1.
Background
The exploratory phase of this research is aimed at (i) understanding the potential role,
through systems analysis, that advanced TECs can play in these energy conversion
technologies, (ii) developing the energy budgets related to the production of Cs-ions
Output
Current
Density
Output Voltage
Ignited
Mode
Ideal
Diode
Laser
Enhanced
Figure 1: Comparison of ideal, ignited mode, and
laser enhanced current-voltage characteristics
Advanced Thermionic Energy Converters... Cappelli
GCEP Technical Report 2006 1
2. using quasi-resonance laser ionization at vapor pressures commonly encountered in Cs-
filled TECs, (iii) the formulation of models for the quasi-resonance ionization process
and a coupled one-dimensional model of the TEC, and (iv) the design of a laboratory-
scale Optically-Modulated Thermionic Energy Converters (OMTEC) for experimental
model validation in subsequent follow-on projects.
During the past four months, we have made progress on three fronts. We have
developed a particle-in-cell (PIC) model of a planar diode discharge, operating on argon,
which will ultimately become a PIC simulation of an OMTEC operating on Cs. This
model will allow us to simulate the current-voltage characteristics of an OMTEC with
and without laser-induced cesium ionization. Simultaneously, we have completed the first
stage of a MATLAB model of overall thermionic converter performance under certain
simplifying assumptions. Finally, we have completed the design of a laboratory
(OMTEC) test cell which will eventually be fabricated, in a subsequent funding period, to
provide experimental validation of thermionic converter performance and its response to
laser-induced cesium electron heating and ionization. It is noteworthy that following the
submission of our proposal, we discovered a brief report on work in Japan that
demonstrated that substantial improvement in TEC current density using pulsed
resonance ionization in cesium [1]. In the performed experiment, the radiation was
produced by a pulsed laser at a wavelength of 852 nm, increasing the short circuit current
to near the saturation current density (ideal), and therefore indicating nearly complete
space charge neutralization. This process was considered in our original proposal, but we
believe that our quasi-resonance continuous wave (cw) laser approach is much more
efficient, and more practical, as it can be implemented with a very inexpensive diode
laser. Nevertheless, these Japanese studies have paved the way towards further research,
and have partially validated our proposed concept.
Results
Particle-in-cell – Monte Carlo Model
A simple particle-in-cell - Monte Carlo (PIC-MC) model has been developed. The
model is one dimensional in physical space and tracks velocities in three dimensions (1D-
3V) [2]. The model assumes two boundaries of an infinite-sized flat surface. Although
the model is geometrically simple, one dimensional models have been employed as
effective tools for understanding physical phenomena in discharges, including thermionic
discharges with interesting dynamical behavior [3, 4]. The model tracks particle
movement by employing weighted sample particles representing a large number of atoms
(number of pseudo-particles is 104
-106
). The MC method allows us to include further
collisional mechanisms and/or laser excitation mechanisms in a relatively straightforward
way.
So far, we have developed a base code, which can simulate direct-current (dc) glow
discharges. The basic model includes elastic, excitation, and ionization collisions for
electron-neutral interactions, and elastic and charge-exchange collisions for ion-neutral
interactions. We have tested the model against well-studied argon (Ar) dc discharges with
cross section data set provided by Phelps [5, 6]. Figure 2 shows examples of simulated
plasma (ion and neutral) density distributions for Ar discharges (p = 1 Torr and d = 5
mm). The discharge voltages are 300 and 600 V and a secondary electron emission
coefficient of 0.1 was taken for the current condition at the cathode. Sheath formation is
easily captured, plasma densities are in the range of ~3×1017
to ~13×1017
m-3
, and
Advanced Thermionic Energy Converters... Cappelli
GCEP Technical Report 2006 2
3. discharge currents are ~19 Am-2
and ~68 Am-2
for 300 and 600 V, respectively. These
voltage-current characteristics agree well with those seen experimentally [7], providing a
measure of confidence in the base model. The model is undergoing refinement to (a)
include thermionic emission, (b) include Cs kinetics, and (c), include quasi-resonance
laser-excitation kinetics.
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Density[x10
17
m
-3
]
Distance [mm]
600 V
Electron
Ion
300 V
Electron
Ion
OMTEC Test Cell Design
An experimental apparatus for the OMTEC has been designed. A schematic of the
test cell is shown in Fig. 3, and a magnified view of the emitter and collector are shown
in Fig. 4. The design of the test cell is based on that of Rasor [8]. The tungsten emitter
and nickel collector are supported by alumel and chromel leads, which allow temperature
to be measured thermoelectrically. The emitter temperature is also measured
independently with an optical pyrometer. In addition, the alumel leads of the emitter and
Figure 2: Plasma density distributions simulated for Ar 1 Torr
discharges. The left side (0 mm) is 0V and the right side (5 mm) is
300 or 600 V. The secondary electron emission coefficient was 0.1.
Bi-porous
Ni Wick
Tube/Wick
Heaters Conflat thermocouple
Feedthrough
Vacuum Valve
Conflat
Tee
Alumina
Tube CF to
Compression
Fitting Adapter
Emitter and
Collector
Quartz
Tube
Laser
Bi-porous
Ni Wick
Tube/Wick
Heaters Conflat thermocouple
Feedthrough
Vacuum Valve
Conflat
Tee
Alumina
Tube CF to
Compression
Fitting Adapter
Emitter and
Collector
Quartz
Tube
Laser
Figure 3: OMTEC Test Cell
Advanced Thermionic Energy Converters... Cappelli
GCEP Technical Report 2006 3
4. collector are connected through an external voltage source and ammeter to measure the
current-voltage characteristics of the converter. The four leads to the emitter and
collector protrude from a four-hole alumina tube (4 in. long, 0.2 in. outer diameter). On
the opposite end of the tube, the leads are connected to four pins of a conflat
thermocouple feedthrough.
The low pressure (~.01 – 1 Torr) environment for the thermionic diode is provided by
the combination of a mechanical and turbo pump. The pumps are connected to a valve,
which is in turn connected to a conflat tee (2 ¾ in. nominal diameter). The tee is also
connected to the thermocouple feedthrough, as well as to a conflate-to-compression-
fitting adapter. The compression fitting is provided by a ¾ in., viton O-ring seal.
Mounted in the compression fitting is a single-ended fused quartz tube (4 in. long, with ¾
in. outer diameter and 1 mm. thick wall).
Fused quartz was chosen for the TEC envelope for its excellent optical transmission
properties, with over 90% transmittance for wavelengths between 280 nm and 3000 nm.
As a result, the laser (601 nm) will pass relatively unimpeded through the tube.
Furthermore, the emitter and collector may be heated to temperatures in excess of 1500 K
and 750 K, respectively, by their own radiation sources (commercially available).
Cesium vapor is maintained in the thermionic-diode region via a bi-porous nickel
tube heat pipe (3 in. long with 0.55 in. outer diameter and 1 mm thick wall) which is
soaked with 1 gram of liquid cesium prior to test cell assembly. The end of the nickel
tube nearest to the thermionic diode is heated by a Ni-Cr wire heater external to the fused
quartz tube. Ni-Cr heaters are also used to heat the diode region of the test cell,
preventing cesium condensation on the inner surface of the quartz tube. In this manner,
cesium evaporates from the heated end of the nickel tube and condenses on the cooler
end, close to the compression fitting, which is maintained near room temperature. The
nickel tube then wicks the condensed cesium back to the heated region, to repeat the
cycle. The temperature of heated end of the nickel wick determines the pressure of
cesium in the thermionic diode region of the test cell.
A 1-kilogauss magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the surfaces of the emitter
and collector via external magnetic coils to confine the discharge to the interelectrode
region. Experimental simplicity and precise control are insured by the use of radiation
Emitter
IR
Heater
Collector
IR
Heater
Laser
Chromel
Leads
Alumel
Leads
Tungsten
Emitter
Nickel
Collector
Alumina
tube
Emitter
IR
Heater
Collector
IR
Heater
Laser
Chromel
Leads
Alumel
Leads
Tungsten
Emitter
Nickel
Collector
Alumina
tube
Figure 4: Electrode Assembly, IR heaters, and Laser
Advanced Thermionic Energy Converters... Cappelli
GCEP Technical Report 2006 4
5. sources for heating of the emitter and collector and ionization of the cesium. In this
manner, the test cell may undergo the complete set of experimental trials without having
to be exposed to air. The parameters which will be varied between trials are emitter
temperature, collector temperature, and cesium vapor pressure. In each trial, the intensity
of the cesium ionization laser will be varied to determine its effect on the current-voltage
characteristics of the diode under the given conditions.
Energy Systems Analysis
Two thermodynamic systems models are being developed as part of the project: a
solar-Stirling engine and a conventional combustion system, each with a TEC topping
cycle. The high emitter and collector temperatures, ~2000 K and ~1000 K, respectively,
allow for high overall Carnot efficiencies when the TEC is added as a topping cycle.
The solar-Stirling system with TEC topping cycle is shown in Fig. 5. A parabolic
dish provides concentrated radiation to heat the emitter directly, and the collector of the
TEC exhausts waste heat to a Stirling heat engine at its optimum working fluid
temperature (~1000 K). In this manner, the combined system can potentially yield a
higher power output and efficiency relative to the solar-Stirling parabolic dish systems
currently in existence.
Figure 5: Solar-Stirling parabolic dish with TEC topping cycle
An example of a combustion-heated system (in this case a STIG turbine-Rankine
combined cycle with TEC topping cycle) is shown in Fig. 6. An isothermal staged
combustor heats the emitter, and a liquid water spray holds the collector temperature
down. The vaporized water is then injected into the combustion products to cool them
slightly before expanding across a turbine. The hot exhaust gases then drive a Rankine
bottoming cycle. The use of water as moderator for the combustion cycle allows larger
fuel flow rates, and thus higher power density from the system. The hope is that with the
TEC directly taking a portion of the exergy for electricity while capturing and reusing the
waste heat downstream, the system can operate at very high efficiencies as well.
Advanced Thermionic Energy Converters... Cappelli
GCEP Technical Report 2006 5
6. Figure 6: Steam-injection gas (STIG) turbine-Rankine
combined cycle with TEC topping cycle
Progress
Because thermionic converters have potentially high efficiencies (~25%) and
potentially high power densities (~100 Watts cm-2
), and because they operate with high
temperature heat sources and heat sinks (which allows for their use as topping cycles to
increase overall efficiency of energy systems) the possible impact on carbon emissions is
enormous. If incorporated into solar-Stirling systems, TECs have the potential to
increase power output at a low added cost, resulting in a decrease in cost of carbon-free
energy. Incorporation into widespread conventional combustion systems will allow for
higher efficiencies to be achieved, reducing carbon emissions.
Future Plans
Particle-in-cell – Monte Carlo Model
We have recently begun to include thermionic electron emission from a hot electrode
and are simulating thermionic discharges as reported in previous studies [3, 4]. Other
features we plan to add to our model in the immediate future are: (a) a neutral species
calculation, whose MC model has been already developed and employed successfully to
the analysis of Ar dc discharges [9], (b) inverse collisional processes, such as superelastic
collisions, (c) contact ionization on a hot surface, (d) the excitation process by laser
induction, and (e) background temperature elevation by power deposition.
Advanced Thermionic Energy Converters... Cappelli
GCEP Technical Report 2006 6
7. OMTEC Test Cell Design
The design will be further refined, and the required parts will be procured. Time
permitting, preliminary operation will be examined, although without optical modulation,
to reproduce the findings of Rasor [8]. It is anticipated that extensive experimental
studies will be carried out in a continuation grant.
Energy Systems Analysis
Complete models of the solar-Stirling system with TEC topping cycle and
combustion-heated combined cycles with TEC topping cycles are under construction.
Eventually these models will be able to thoroughly approximate the overall system
efficiency and power output with a given TEC efficiency. These models will be
compared to models which lack the TEC topping cycles, as well as to data from
combustion-heated combined cycle power generators currently in existence.
References
1. T. Inaguma, N. Tsuda, J. Yamada, Short Circuit Current of Thermionic Energy Converter by
Resonance Light Irradiation. T.IEE Japan, Vol. 122-A, No.11, 2002.
2. C. K. Birdsall, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 19, 65 (1991).
3. E. Greiner, T. Klinger, H. Klostermann, A. Piel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3071 (1993).
4. E. Greiner, T. Klinger, A. Piel, Phys. Plasma 2, 1810 (1995).
5. A. V. Phelps, private communication. ftp://jila.cololado.edu/collision_data/.
6. A. V. Phelps, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 747 (1994).
7. A. V. Phelps, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 10, 329 (2001).
8. N. S. Rasor, The Important Effect of Electron Reflection on Thermionic Converter Performance.
33rd
Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference August 2-6, 1998. (IECEC-98-211)
9. T. Ito, M. A. Cappelli, in preparation.
Contacts
Prof. Mark Cappelli: cap@stanford.edu
Dr. Tsuyohito Ito: tsuyohito@stanford.edu
Patrick Sullivan: pts@stanford.edu
Robin Bell: rbbell@stanford.edu
Matt Mowers: matt.mowers@gmail.com
Advanced Thermionic Energy Converters... Cappelli
GCEP Technical Report 2006 7