This document discusses gas turbine operation outside of design conditions. It begins by explaining how the turbine is designed for a specific pressure ratio, component efficiencies, and maximum cycle temperature. While a turbine will achieve expected performance at the design point, it must also operate for prolonged periods outside design conditions due to changes in ambient conditions, loading, and other factors. The document then provides details on how to simulate off-design performance using dimensionless maps of the compressor and turbine. It describes how changes in ambient temperature and loading impact turbine output power and efficiency. Correction factors are also discussed for accounting for pressure losses and non-standard ambient conditions.
Wrong Sizing of a Reciprocating CompressorLuis Infante
Performance mapping has become a key analytical tool for the diagnostic and optimization of recip compressors, together with electronic performance analyzers. This analysis case illustrates how difficult is to operate a thermodynamically unbalanced multistage integral compressor in a borderline application. An in-house plotting routine in MS Excel (R) was used to map the basic performance (power and flow) of the individual stages across the operating range, and also to produce special-purpose maps in order to graphically depict other mechanical limits, thus helping the field operators to find (and avoid) the root cause of major troubles, including a catastrophic crankshaft failure. Mitigation and remedial cases are explored.
Ejercicio diseño de aducción por gravedad y por bombeogreilyncastillo
Ejercicio resuelto donde se diseña la aducción por gravedad y por bombeo para una edificación con el sistema de combinación de tanques como sistema de distribución.
Boiler Drum level measurement in Thermal Power StationsManohar Tatwawadi
The paper describes the basics of Boiler Drum water Level measurement in a Thermal Power Station. The Single element and three element control has been described in a very simple manner. Useful for the Thermal Engineers
Wrong Sizing of a Reciprocating CompressorLuis Infante
Performance mapping has become a key analytical tool for the diagnostic and optimization of recip compressors, together with electronic performance analyzers. This analysis case illustrates how difficult is to operate a thermodynamically unbalanced multistage integral compressor in a borderline application. An in-house plotting routine in MS Excel (R) was used to map the basic performance (power and flow) of the individual stages across the operating range, and also to produce special-purpose maps in order to graphically depict other mechanical limits, thus helping the field operators to find (and avoid) the root cause of major troubles, including a catastrophic crankshaft failure. Mitigation and remedial cases are explored.
Ejercicio diseño de aducción por gravedad y por bombeogreilyncastillo
Ejercicio resuelto donde se diseña la aducción por gravedad y por bombeo para una edificación con el sistema de combinación de tanques como sistema de distribución.
Boiler Drum level measurement in Thermal Power StationsManohar Tatwawadi
The paper describes the basics of Boiler Drum water Level measurement in a Thermal Power Station. The Single element and three element control has been described in a very simple manner. Useful for the Thermal Engineers
Centrifugal Compressor System Design & SimulationVijay Sarathy
The power point slides focuses on centrifugal compressor design, dynamic simulation including anti surge valve and hot gas bypass requirements. The topics covered are,
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) System Characteristics
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) Drivers
Typical Single Stage System
Start-up Scenario
Shutdown Scenario
Emergency Shutdown (ESD) Scenario
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) System Design Philosophy
Anti-Surge System
Recycle Arrangements
CC Driver Arrangements
General Notes
Automatic process controls in a Thermal Power StationManohar Tatwawadi
The writeup details about the Automatic Process Comtrols and the basics of the same for the power plant engineers. PID controllers are also described in the paper
Variable Speed Drives for Gas compressor OperationsVijay Sarathy
To understand the effects of Variable Speed Drive (VSD) and Fixed Speed Drive (FSD) mode of operation on gas compressor start-up, a case study is made.
Gas Condensate Separation Stages – Design & OptimizationVijay Sarathy
The life cycle of an oil & gas venture begins at the wellhead where subsurface engineers work their way through surveying, drilling, laying production tubing and well completions. Once a well is completed, gathering lines from each well is laid to gather hydrocarbons and transported via a main trunk line to a gas oil separation unit (GOSP) to be processed further to enhance their product value for sales. Gas condensate wells consist of natural gas which is rich in heavier hydrocarbons that are recovered as liquids in separators in field facilities or gas-oil separation plants (GOSP).
The following tutorial is aimed at demonstrating how to optimize and provide the required number of separation stages to process a gas condensate mixture and separate them into their respective vapour phase and liquid phase – termed as “Stage Separation”. Stage separation consists of laying a series of separators which operate at consecutive lower pressures to strip out vapours from the well liquids & resulting in a stabilized liquid. Prior to any hydrocarbon processing in a gas processing plant or a refinery, it is imperative to maximize the liquid recovery as well as provide a stabilized liquid hydrocarbon.
Study and Development of an Energy Saving Mechanical SystemIDES Editor
A new energy-saving mechanical system with
automatically controlled air valves has been proposed by
investigator and the preliminary model setup has been tested.
The testing results indicated the proper function of this
energy-saving mechanical system. This mechanical system
model has been simulated and analyzed by the computational
aided engineering solution. The major advantages of this
mechanical system include: simple and compact in design,
higher efficiency in mechanical functioning, quiet in
manufacturing operation, less energy losses due to less
frictional forces in this free piston-cylinder setup, selfadjustable
in operational parameter to improve the system
performance, and etc.
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SETTLE OUT CONDITIONS TUTORIALVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors are a preferred choice in gas transportation industry, mainly due to their ability to cater to varying loads. In the event of a compressor shutdown as a planned event, i.e., normal shutdown (NSD), the anti-surge valve is opened to recycle gas from the discharge back to the suction (thereby moving the operating point away from the surge line) and the compressor is tripped via the driver (electric motor or Gas turbine / Steam Turbine). In the case of an unplanned event, i.e., emergency shutdown such as power failure, the compressor trips first followed by the anti-surge valve opening. In doing so, the gas content in the suction side & discharge side mix.
Therefore, settle out conditions is explained as the equilibrium pressure and temperature reached in the compressor piping and equipment volume following a compressor shutdown
PPTs covers portion of Unit 2 of Power Plant Engineering of Subject code ME6701.
PPTs covers Diesel Power Generation Plants, components, working principles of various system, advantages and disadvantagesand Comparision of various factors w.r.to Steam power Palnt, Diesel Plant, Nuclear, Hydraulic Power Plants.
Gas turbines, its cycle, working principles.
Combined Cycle Power plants.
Discussion on Brayton cycle, improvisions factors affecting effiencies.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A COMBINED CYCLE GAS TURBINE UNDER VARYING OPERATING ...meijjournal
The combined cycle gas turbine integrates the Brayton cycle as topping cycle and the steam turbine
Rankine cycle as bottoming cycle in order to achieve higher thermal efficiency and proper utilization of
energy by minimizing the energy loss to a minimum. In this work, the effect of various operating
parameters such as maximum temperature and pressure of Rankine cycle, turbine inlet temperature and
pressure ratio of Brayton cycle on the net output work and thermal efficiency of the combine cycle are
investigated. The outcome of this work can be utilized in order to facilitate the design of a combined cycle
with higher efficiency and output work. A MATLAB simulation has been carried out to study the effects and
influences of the above mentioned parameters on the efficiency and work output.
Centrifugal Compressor System Design & SimulationVijay Sarathy
The power point slides focuses on centrifugal compressor design, dynamic simulation including anti surge valve and hot gas bypass requirements. The topics covered are,
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) System Characteristics
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) Drivers
Typical Single Stage System
Start-up Scenario
Shutdown Scenario
Emergency Shutdown (ESD) Scenario
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) System Design Philosophy
Anti-Surge System
Recycle Arrangements
CC Driver Arrangements
General Notes
Automatic process controls in a Thermal Power StationManohar Tatwawadi
The writeup details about the Automatic Process Comtrols and the basics of the same for the power plant engineers. PID controllers are also described in the paper
Variable Speed Drives for Gas compressor OperationsVijay Sarathy
To understand the effects of Variable Speed Drive (VSD) and Fixed Speed Drive (FSD) mode of operation on gas compressor start-up, a case study is made.
Gas Condensate Separation Stages – Design & OptimizationVijay Sarathy
The life cycle of an oil & gas venture begins at the wellhead where subsurface engineers work their way through surveying, drilling, laying production tubing and well completions. Once a well is completed, gathering lines from each well is laid to gather hydrocarbons and transported via a main trunk line to a gas oil separation unit (GOSP) to be processed further to enhance their product value for sales. Gas condensate wells consist of natural gas which is rich in heavier hydrocarbons that are recovered as liquids in separators in field facilities or gas-oil separation plants (GOSP).
The following tutorial is aimed at demonstrating how to optimize and provide the required number of separation stages to process a gas condensate mixture and separate them into their respective vapour phase and liquid phase – termed as “Stage Separation”. Stage separation consists of laying a series of separators which operate at consecutive lower pressures to strip out vapours from the well liquids & resulting in a stabilized liquid. Prior to any hydrocarbon processing in a gas processing plant or a refinery, it is imperative to maximize the liquid recovery as well as provide a stabilized liquid hydrocarbon.
Study and Development of an Energy Saving Mechanical SystemIDES Editor
A new energy-saving mechanical system with
automatically controlled air valves has been proposed by
investigator and the preliminary model setup has been tested.
The testing results indicated the proper function of this
energy-saving mechanical system. This mechanical system
model has been simulated and analyzed by the computational
aided engineering solution. The major advantages of this
mechanical system include: simple and compact in design,
higher efficiency in mechanical functioning, quiet in
manufacturing operation, less energy losses due to less
frictional forces in this free piston-cylinder setup, selfadjustable
in operational parameter to improve the system
performance, and etc.
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SETTLE OUT CONDITIONS TUTORIALVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors are a preferred choice in gas transportation industry, mainly due to their ability to cater to varying loads. In the event of a compressor shutdown as a planned event, i.e., normal shutdown (NSD), the anti-surge valve is opened to recycle gas from the discharge back to the suction (thereby moving the operating point away from the surge line) and the compressor is tripped via the driver (electric motor or Gas turbine / Steam Turbine). In the case of an unplanned event, i.e., emergency shutdown such as power failure, the compressor trips first followed by the anti-surge valve opening. In doing so, the gas content in the suction side & discharge side mix.
Therefore, settle out conditions is explained as the equilibrium pressure and temperature reached in the compressor piping and equipment volume following a compressor shutdown
PPTs covers portion of Unit 2 of Power Plant Engineering of Subject code ME6701.
PPTs covers Diesel Power Generation Plants, components, working principles of various system, advantages and disadvantagesand Comparision of various factors w.r.to Steam power Palnt, Diesel Plant, Nuclear, Hydraulic Power Plants.
Gas turbines, its cycle, working principles.
Combined Cycle Power plants.
Discussion on Brayton cycle, improvisions factors affecting effiencies.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A COMBINED CYCLE GAS TURBINE UNDER VARYING OPERATING ...meijjournal
The combined cycle gas turbine integrates the Brayton cycle as topping cycle and the steam turbine
Rankine cycle as bottoming cycle in order to achieve higher thermal efficiency and proper utilization of
energy by minimizing the energy loss to a minimum. In this work, the effect of various operating
parameters such as maximum temperature and pressure of Rankine cycle, turbine inlet temperature and
pressure ratio of Brayton cycle on the net output work and thermal efficiency of the combine cycle are
investigated. The outcome of this work can be utilized in order to facilitate the design of a combined cycle
with higher efficiency and output work. A MATLAB simulation has been carried out to study the effects and
influences of the above mentioned parameters on the efficiency and work output.
Use of Hydrogen in Fiat Lancia Petrol engine, Combustion Process and Determin...IOSR Journals
To our path towards green economy, Hydrogen is often regarded to have a potential growth in the
coming future. However, the high cost of operation of fuel cell has often been a setback. If we could make use of
hydrogen gas as a fuel directly, the scope of development broadens. Owing to these aspects, this work primarily
focuses on the simulation technique of an Internal Combustion Spark Ignition Engine powered by Hydrogen gas.
The simulations of various stages have been carried out using the discrete approach, thereby investigating the
pressures and temperatures at various instants in the cycle. For the relative performance discussion we have
simulated the different cycles as ideal cycle, air fuel cycle and actual cycle. The resultant cyclic graph indicates
various discrepancies between ideal, air fuel and actual cycle. This analysis serves as a tool for a better
understanding of the variables involved and helps in optimizing engine design and fixing of various parameters,
including the determination of valve timings. Besides this, backfire, is the commonly faced problem with the
hydrogen engines. To reduce this effect, a fuel injectoris used for adding the gaseous fuel to the combustion
chamber.
Simulation of gas turbine blade for enhancement of efficiency of gas turbine...IJMER
As day by day population of the world is increasing and our resources are frequently reducing
hence to meet this demand of the world of energy we have to move to a device which have a maximum
efficiency for the condition turbo-machinery are better suited machines having a good efficiency, in
which a Gas turbine is best example of turbo- machinery Turbine is the part of gas turbine which provide
the power to compressor to run or provide power to external source from where energy can be extracted
by attaching alternator in the shaft of Gas turbine. As in earlier a lot of work have been done by the
researcher to increase the efficiency and standard of Gas turbine by the method of film cooling, coating,
and curvature of blade to protect the blade from high temperature of 1200 C° inside the Gas turbine to
increase the life of blade without considering about the efficiency of the engine As in this work is to
enhancement of efficiency of Gas turbine. Gas turbine blade is very important component of engine as
they are attached to both turbine or compressor and turbine provide energy to compressor hence the
turbine blade are more important component to enhance the efficiency which will be analyzed on the
basis of blade height area of fluid flow , area of blade thickness and angles . This simulation is based on
the define value of temperature pressure density of fluid and solid used in blade construction will be
meshed in ANSYS and calculation on the basis of FEM and the result from this calculation over the
temperature and fluid flow inside the gas turbine of different number of blade is studied will be compare
to reach high efficiency point. By determent these value output is formulated on graph chart and will be
studied and result obtain
(
ME- 495 Laboratory Exercise
–
Number 1
– Brayton Cycle -
ME Department, SDSU
-
Nourollahi
) (
11
)Brayton Cycle (Gas Turbine Power Cycle)
Objective
The objective of this lab exercise is to gain practical knowledge of the Brayton cycle. The Brayton cycle illustrates the cold-air-standard assumption (constant specific heats at room temperature) model of a gas turbine power cycle. A portable propulsion laboratory[footnoteRef:1] containing a Model SR-30 turbojet is used in this exercise. The student shall apply the basic equations for Brayton cycle analysis by using empirical measurements at different points in the Brayton cycle. [1: Manufactured by Turbine Technologies Ltd. Called TTL Mini-Lab]
Figure 1: TTL Mini-Lab manufactured by Turbine Technologies Ltd. (TTL)Background
A simple gas turbine engine has three main components: a compressor section, a combustion chamber and a turbine section. Basic operation entails drawing atmospheric air into the compressor where it is heated through compression. The compressed and heated air is mixed with fuel in the combustion chamber. The air/fuel mixture burns at constant pressure in the combustion chamber. The resulting hot gas is directed to the turbine section where it expands. As the gas expands it produces a thrust reaction and performs work by turning the turbine. The turbine is connected to the compressor by a shaft. The resulting shaft work is used to drive the compressor and auxiliary power supplies.
The gas turbine has wide spread application. Most notably, it is used to power and propel aircraft and large ships. In some cases only the thrust resulting from the expanding gas exiting the turbine is used for propulsion and the shaft work is used to drive the compressor and power electrical systems. In turbo-fan engines some of the shaft work is used to drive a large fan that aids in propulsion. In other applications, such as helicopters and ships, propulsion is achieved through the shaft work, which is used to drive transmission/gear boxes that are connected to the rotor blades or propeller, respectively. Gas turbines are also commonly used to drive large electrical generators in power plant applications.Theory
The Brayton cycle consists of four basic processes (see Figure3 & 4). Low-pressure air is drawn into the compressor section and undergoes isentropic compression. Next, the heated and compressed air is combined with fuel in the combustion chamber. The air/fuel mixture experiences reversible constant pressure heat addition. The resulting hot gas enters the turbine section where it undergoes isentropic expansion. To complete the cycle (the exhaust and intake in the open cycle) the gas experiences reversible constant pressure heat rejection.
Thermodynamics and the First Law of Thermodynamics determine the overall energy transfer. The following assumptions are used when analyzing the gas turbine cycles:
1. The working fluid (air) is an ideal gas throughout the cycle.
2. The combust ...
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
2. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
En los puntos anteriores se analizó la evaluación del desempeño de la turbina de gas
en el punto de diseño. El diseñador selecciona una relación de presión, eficiencias de
componentes y una temperatura máxima de ciclo T3 (también conocida como
temperatura de entrada de turbina o TET) para lograr un rendimiento requerido del
motor. El cálculo del punto de diseño determina la eficiencia térmica y la tasa de flujo
de aire para una demanda de potencia de diseño dada a las condiciones del aire
establecidas como condiciones iso. Esta información se utiliza en el diseño de las
turbomáquinas y el sistema de combustión descritos anteriormente.
Un motor diseñado sobre este principio usualmente logrará el performance esperado.
Sin embargo, las turbinas de gas tienen que funcionar durante períodos prolongados
en condiciones fuera de sus condiciones de diseño. La turbina de gas se ve afectada
grandemente por las condiciones del aire que recibe, haciendo que afecte su
desempeño originando que el motor funcione fuera de las condiciones de diseño. Los
cambio de condiciones ambientales, periodos de funcionamiento en arranque y
paradas y los cambios de carga impactan significativamente en el rendimiento y la
potencia máxima del motor. Por lo tanto, el motor no sólo tendrá que funcionar
satisfactoriamente en las condiciones de diseño y fuera de estas. El análisis de las
condiciones operacionales en base a características (mapas) adimensionales permite
explicar las condiciones operativas y las acciones de control para mantener operando
en forma segura eficiente y eficaz a la máquina
3. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
•Se tienen los mapas adimensionales de la turbina y del compresor
•Para facilitar el procedimiento se supone despreciable las caídas de presión en la
entrada y el escape de la Tg.
•Se conoce las condiciones ambientales.
•Las Rpm de la máquina para el punto de diseño es conocida y será tomada como
valor referencial en los mapas de la turbina y del compresor.
•La eficiencia mecánica del eje y la caída de presión de la cámara de combustión son
conocidas.
Simulación en el punto de diseño de TG Ciclo Simple eje único
Esquema de Tg identificando Ptos del Proceso Diagrama T vs. S del Proceso
JJGL
4. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Simulación en el punto de diseño de TG Ciclo Simple eje único
Mapa del Compresor
Mapa de la Turbina
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
5. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
1. Dada las Rpm de la carga y las condiciones
ambientales se calcula las rpm adimensional del
compresor.
𝑁𝑐 = 𝑁𝑡 = 𝑁𝑊
𝑛𝐶𝐷 =
𝑁𝑐
𝑇𝑖𝑛
2. Se selecciona el Pto. D sobre la línea de 𝑁𝑐𝐷 y se
leen los valores de relación de presión, flujo
adimensional y eficiencia para dicho pto.
𝒎𝒄𝑫
𝜼𝒄𝑫
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏 𝑫
3. Con el valor de 𝑚𝑐𝑎 Se calcula el flujo másico
del compresor Mc
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑀𝑐𝐷 =
𝑚 𝑇𝑖𝑛
𝑃𝑖𝑛
𝑃𝑜1
𝑇𝑜1
4. Con el valor de 𝑃𝑜1 y la relación de presión se calcula la presión 𝑃𝑜3
dada la función de la caída de presión de la cámara de combustión
𝑃𝑜3 = 𝑃𝑜1
𝑃𝑜2
𝑃𝑜1 𝐷
− ∆𝑃𝑏
6. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
5. Con consideración de perdidas despreciables en la descarga se puede obtener la relación de presión de la
turbina:
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝑫
=
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏 𝑫
𝟏 −
∆𝑷𝒃
𝑷𝒐𝟐
6. Con el valor de 𝑃𝑜3/𝑃𝑜4 𝐷 se entra al mapa de la turbina para interceptar la curva unificada de flujo másico
de la turbina
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑼𝑫
=
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝒄𝑫
𝑷𝒐𝟏
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑻𝒐𝟑
𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝑴𝒄
𝑴𝒕
𝒎
𝑻
𝒊𝒏
𝑷
𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒂
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑼𝒂
7. Aplicando compatibilidad de masa de la turbina y el
compresor se tiene:
𝑻𝒐𝟑 = 𝑇𝑜1
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏/𝑷𝒊𝒏 𝑼𝑫
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏/𝑷𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝑫
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟏
8. Con el valor de 𝑇𝑜3 Se calcula las rpm adimensional y
se recalcula el flujo másico hasta obtener convergencia,
para salir con los valores 𝑇𝑜3 , 𝜂𝑡 , 𝑚 𝑇𝑖𝑛/𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑈𝐷
7. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
9. El flujo de combustible se calcula en función de la 𝑇𝑜2 y el incremento de temperatura en la
cámara de combustión.
10. La Potencia neta queda como sigue:
11. La eficiencia de la Máquina será:
𝑻𝒐𝟐 = 𝑻𝒐𝟏 𝟏 +
𝟏
𝜼𝒄
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
− 𝟏
𝚫𝑻𝒄𝒄 = 𝑻𝒐𝟑−𝑻𝒐𝟐
𝒎𝒃 =
𝒇𝒕
𝜼𝒃
𝑴𝒄𝒂
𝑾 𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒂 = 𝑴𝒄𝒂 𝑪𝒑𝒈 𝜼𝒕𝑻𝒐𝟑 𝟏 −
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
−
𝑪𝒑𝒂𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝜼𝒄 𝜼𝒆𝒋𝒆
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
− 𝟏
𝜼𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 =
𝑾 𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒂
𝒎𝒃 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒓
12. El punto de operación de la turbina se vera reflejado en el mapa del compresor,
operando a las condiciones establecidas en el cálculo.
𝒇𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟕𝟕𝟔 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
∗ 𝑫𝑻 + 𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟕𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗
∗
𝑫𝑻 ∗ 𝑻𝑬 + 𝟒. 𝟓𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟗
∗ 𝑫𝑻𝟐
𝒇𝒓 =
𝒇𝒕
𝜼𝒃
8. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
1. El funcionamiento fuera del punto de diseño se genera por el cambio de condiciones
ambientales (variación de la temperatura , variación de la presión) o por el cambio de
condiciones de la carga (variación de la potencia de la carga y/o variación de las rpm y la
carga)
2. Si la variación es provocada por la variación de la carga a rpm constante provocara puntos de
operación sobre el mapa del compresor bajando la relación de presión cuando baja la carga, lo
que se traducirá en una 𝑇𝑜3 mas baja.
3. Si por el contrario se aumenta la carga, producirá un aumento en la relación de presión y un
incremento de𝑇𝑜3. El aumento de la carga será limitada por el oleaje o por la temperatura
máxima permitida, lo que ocurra primero.
4. Cuando las rpm varia con la carga, el punto de operación será establecido sobre el mapa del
compresor, para cada rpm según esta relación.
Simulación Fuera de diseño de TG Ciclo Simple eje único
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏/𝑷𝒊𝒏
9. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Impacto de la variación de la temperatura en el
Funcionamiento de Turbina de gas Industrial
10. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
11. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Corrección de Potencia por perdidas de presión en la descarga y en la succión
12. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Caida de presión % de Cambio
Bar Pulgadas
de agua
Potencia de
salida
Heat
rate
Entrada 0.01245 5.0 −2.00 +0.75
Escape 0.006227 2.5 −0.50 +0.40
EFECTO DE CONDICIONES AMBIENTALES SOBRE
EL COMPORTAMIENTO DE TG
13. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
CONDICIONES DE REFERENCIA ISO PARA ESPECIFICACION DE TGs:
EJ TG QUE FUNCIONARÁ BAJO CONDICIONES DISTINTAS A ISO:
CONDICIONES DISTINTAS A ISO:
Power = 10,000 x 0.983 x 0.956 x 0.984 x 0.997 = 9,219 hp (6,873 kW)
Heat rate = 7,770 x 1.015 x 1.007 x 1.003 =7,966 Btu/hp-h (11,269 kJ/kWh)
FACTORES DE CORRECION DEL FABRICANTE:
14. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Compresor
1 2 3 4
CCombustión Tgg
3
TEMPERATURA
1
2
Tmin
4
Tmax
s
5
Funcionamiento en equilibrio del Generador de gas
• El generador de gas (GG) tiene fijados los puntos posibles de funcionamiento
dependiendo de la compatibilidad establecida por la turbina y el compresor a una rpm
conocida, los puntos se pueden identificar en el mapa del compresor. A continuación se
presenta el procedimiento para esta representación.
• El conjunto Compresor Cámara de combustión y Turbina sin acoplamiento mecánico
adicional constituye el generador de gas, donde toda la potencia que produce la turbina
se utiliza para mover al compresor. Esta configuración se utiliza en turbinas industriales de
eje partido, turbinas Aero derivadas y en motores de aviación.
15. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
1. Se escoge una rpm adimensional a ser evaluada.
𝑵𝒄 = 𝑵𝒕
𝒏𝑫𝒄 =
𝑵𝒄
𝑻𝒊𝒏
2. Se selecciona el Pto. D sobre la línea de 𝑁𝐶𝐷 y se
leen los valores de relación de presión, flujo
adimensional y eficiencia para dicho pto.
𝒎𝒄𝑫
𝜼𝒄𝑫
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏 𝑫
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
3. Con consideración de perdidas en la cámara de
combustión
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟐 𝑫
= 𝟏 −
∆𝑷𝒃
𝑷𝒐𝟐
D
16. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
4. Se supone el valor de 𝑃𝑜3/𝑃𝑜4 𝑆
5. Con 𝑃𝑜3/𝑃𝑜4 𝑆 se entra al mapa de la turbina
para interceptar la curva unificada de flujo másico
de la turbina 𝑚 𝑇𝑖𝑛/𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑆
𝒎
𝑻
𝒊𝒏
𝑷
𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒔
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝑺
6. Aplicando compatibilidad de masa de la turbina y el
compresor se tiene:
𝑻𝒐𝟑
𝑻𝒐𝟏
=
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏/𝑷𝒊𝒏 𝑻𝑺
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏/𝑷𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝑫
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏 𝑫
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟐 𝑫
𝑴𝒄
𝑴𝒕
7. Con el valor de 𝑇𝑜3/ 𝑇𝑜1 Se calcula las rpm adimensional
de la turbina
8. Con el valor de
𝑃𝑜3
𝑃𝑜4 𝑆
𝑦
𝑁𝑐
𝑇𝑜3
se entra al mapa de la
turbina y se lee la eficiencia de la turbina 𝜂𝑇
𝑵𝑻
𝑻𝒐𝟑
=
𝑵𝑪
𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝑻𝒐𝟑
S
17. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
9. Aplicando el balance de potencia en el eje del GG se despeja la relación de presión
en la turbina del GG
10.Se compara el valor de las relaciones de presión
si
𝜼𝒕𝑻𝒐𝟑𝑪𝒑𝒈 𝟏 −
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
=
𝑪𝒑𝒂 𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝜼𝒄 𝜼𝒆𝒋𝒆
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
− 𝟏
𝟏
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
= 𝟏 −
𝑪𝒑𝒂 𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝜼𝒄 𝜼𝒕 𝑪𝒑𝒈 𝑻𝒐𝟑 𝜼𝒆𝒋𝒆
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
− 𝟏
𝜸
𝜸−𝟏
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝑺
≠
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
=>
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝑺
=
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
ir al pto 5.
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝑺
=
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
=> ¡Se encontró convergencia!
18. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
11. El punto de operación escogido en el Pto 1. se le asigna el valor calculado de 𝑇𝑜3/𝑇𝑜1
12. Se repite el procedimiento escogiendo otro punto sobre la misma rpm adimensional del
mapa del compresor para conseguir otro valor de 𝑇𝑜3/𝑇𝑜1
13. Al repetir todo el procedimiento sobre los otros valores de rpm adimensional, se trazan
curvas de iso valores de 𝑇𝑜3/𝑇𝑜1 sobre el mapa del compresor como se muestra en la figura.
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏/𝑷𝒊𝒏
19. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Compresor
1 2 3 4
CCombustión
5
Carga
Tgg TP
3
TEMPERATURA
1
2
Tmin
4
Tmax
s
5
Funcionamiento del GG acoplado a una Turbina de Potencia
EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DEL GG esta completamente definido con el mapa indicando los
isovalores de 𝑇𝑜3/𝑇𝑜1, al acoplar al generador de gas una turbina de potencia, esta funciona
como una restricción al flujo de gas generado, y debe existir un acoplamiento entre las
condiciones de salida de gases del generador de gas y la exigida por la turbina de potencia. Esto
se expresa por la compatibilidad de masa entre la Tgg y la Tp ; además la relación de expansión
de la turbina de potencia esta relacionada con la relación de presión del compresor y la relación
de expansión de la Tgg .
20. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
2. Partiendo del mapa del compresor con las líneas de isovalores de 𝑇𝑜3/𝑇𝑜1, se selecciona un
punto sobre la curva de rpm adimensional sobre el mapa del compresor como se muestra en la
figura.
1. Se escoge una rpm adimensional a ser evaluada.
3. Leyendo el mapa del mapa del
compresor se tienen las variables:
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏
𝑺
;
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝑺
; 𝜼𝒄𝑺;
𝑻𝒐𝟑
𝑻𝒐𝟏 𝑺
4. Con consideración de perdidas en la
cámara de combustión
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟐 𝑫
= 𝟏 −
∆𝑷𝒃
𝑷𝒐𝟐
5. Con el valor de 𝑇𝑜3/𝑇𝑜1Se calcula las rpm
adimensional de la turbina
𝑵𝑻
𝑻𝒐𝟑
=
𝑵𝑪
𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝑻𝒐𝟏
21. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
8. Aplicando el balance de potencia en el eje del GG se despeja la relación de presión
en la turbina del GG
9. Se compara el valor de las relaciones de presión
si
10. Aplicando compatibilidad de masa el compresor y la turbina del GG se tiene:
𝜼𝒕𝑻𝒐𝟑𝑪𝒑𝒈 𝟏 −
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
=
𝑪𝒑𝒂 𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝜼𝒄 𝜼𝒆𝒋𝒆
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
− 𝟏
𝟏
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
= 𝟏 −
𝑪𝒑𝒂 𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝜼𝒄 𝜼𝒕 𝑪𝒑𝒈 𝑻𝒐𝟑 𝜼𝒆𝒋𝒆
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸−𝟏
𝜸
− 𝟏
𝜸
𝜸−𝟏
=>
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝑺
≠
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝑺
=
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
ir al pto 7.
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝑺
=
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
=> ¡Se encontró convergencia!
6. Se supone el valor de
𝑃𝑜3
𝑃𝑜4 𝑆
7. Con el valor de
𝑃𝑜3
𝑃𝑜4 𝑆
y
𝑇𝑜3
𝑇𝑜1 𝑆
se lee el valor de 𝜂𝑇
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝒈𝒈
=
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝒄
𝑷𝒐𝟏
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑻𝒐𝟑
𝑻𝒐𝟏
𝑴𝒄
𝑴𝒕
22. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
11.Aplicando compatibilidad de masa entre la Tgg
y la TP se tiene: 𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝑷
=
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝒈𝒈
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑻𝒐𝟒
𝑻𝒐𝟑
𝑻𝒐𝟒
𝑻𝒐𝟑
=
𝑻𝒐𝟑 − ∆𝑻𝒐𝟑𝟒
𝑻𝒐𝟑
= 𝟏 −
∆𝑻𝒐𝟑𝟒
𝑻𝒐𝟑
∆𝑻𝒐𝟑𝟒
𝑻𝒐𝟑
= 𝜼𝑻 𝟏 −
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸 −𝟏
𝜸
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝑷
=
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝒈𝒈
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝟏 − 𝜼𝑻𝒈𝒈 𝟏 −
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸 −𝟏
𝜸
12.Aplicando compatibilidad de Relaciones de expansión:
13.Con la relación de expansión se entra al mapa de la turbina de Potencia y se
lee el valor de flujo adimensional
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏 𝑻𝑷𝒎
y 𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟓 𝒍𝒆𝒊𝒅𝒐
14.Se comparan los flujos másicos adimensionales:
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝑷𝒎
≠
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝑷𝒎
=> Se calcula 𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏
=
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟓
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒
y se va al Pto 2.
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟓
=
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟏
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟐
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝑷𝒎
=
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝑷𝒎
Se Tiene convergencia y el punto seleccionado en el mapa del
compresor es compatible con la turbina de potencia
=>
Si
23. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
12.Una vez obtenida la convergencia, se procede a repetir todo el proceso tomando otras rpm
adimensionales en el mapa del compresor hasta completar la línea de compatibilidad entre el gg y
la TP
13.El resultado es una única línea de funcionamiento en equilibrio y Para cada punto de la línea se
puede calcular la potencia, si se conoce la temperatura 𝑇𝑜1, dicha potencia calculada será mayor
mientras mayor sea el valor de 𝑇𝑜3/𝑇𝑜1
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
24. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
25. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Variando el área de la tobera se cambia el régimen de la turbina de gas ya que la línea de
funcionamiento en equilibrio se desplaza verticalmente haciendo cambiar la relación de
temperatura 𝑇𝑜3/𝑇𝑜1, cambiando el valor de la potencia para cada rpm .
26. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Compatibilidad de dos turbinas en serie
En las máquinas de eje partido, se tiene el caso en el cual existen 2 turbinas en serie con un
acoplamiento en base a la compatibilidad de masas, expresada por la ecuación
m
m
m
m
No hay convergencia
Para este Pto. (3)
(3)
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝑷
=
𝒎 𝑻𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒊𝒏
𝑻𝒈𝒈
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝟏 − 𝜼𝑻𝒈𝒈 𝟏 −
𝑷𝒐𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝟑
𝜸 −𝟏
𝜸
27. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Compatibilidad de dos turbinas en serie
28. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
Variación del Torque Vs Rpm para a) TG un eje, b) TG eje
Partido y línea segmentada Motor CI.
29. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Impacto de la variación de la temperatura en el Funcionamiento de Turbina de gas
Aeroderivada
30. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
COMPORTAMIENTO EN ARRANQUES Y PARADAS
31. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Representación de la línea de operación del compresor durante el proceso de arranque
de SGT-600
32. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
33. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
34. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
Mapa de turbina
Mapa de Compresor
35. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
GT @ 100 % rating, inferred TIT control model, CC limit
10 PR
38958W
dp = 0.4015 bar (4 %)
MS 5001 condiciones iso unidades internacional
9.394 PR
66307 kW
Aire Ambiente in
GE MS5371PA 98.22 %
eff.
97.99 % eff.
N2= 75.27 %
O2= 14.97 %
CO2= 2.642 %
H2O= 6.21 %
AR= 0.9065 %
1.013 p
15 T
122.2 m
60 %RH
0 m elev.
10 millibar
1.003 p
15 T
122.2 m
59.41 RH
Fuel = CH4
11 p
25 T
1.822 m
50047 LHV
101.8 kWe
21.06 Qrej
41.32 T
p[bar], T[C], M[kg/s], Q[kW],
1.003 p
15 T
122.2 m
59.41 RH
10.04 p
325.6 T
117.1 m
14.19 p
41.32 T
1.822 m
50083 LHV
5.09 m
4.167 % airflow
1.026 p
489 T
124 m
12.45 DP millibar
483 Qrej
533.6 Qrej
26053 kW
12600 kJ/kWh LHV
28.57 % LHV eff.
9.635 p
963.8 T
118.9 m
𝜼𝒑𝒄=0.87
𝜼𝒊𝒄=0.8235
1 3
4
𝜼𝒊𝒕=0.895
𝜼𝒑𝒕=0.865
36. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
DATOS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA TG MS5001 de un eje
mcomp to1 K to2 C rcop po1 Bar
m comb
Kg/s
m tur
Kg/s7 r tur to3 C
mac kg/s
C.5/bar
ef c
rpma n/C.5
123.40 288.0 327.00 10.130 1.013 1.833 125.20 9.600 962.80 2067.293 0.866 300.520
123.40 288.0 315.50 9.557 1.013 1.549 124.90 9.174 863.10 2067.293 0.868 300.520
123.40 288.0 302.10 9.070 1.013 1.266 124.60 8.715 759.00 2067.293 0.880 300.520
109.80 313.0 349.40 8.955 1.013 1.611 111.40 8.597 962.80 1917.631 0.881 288.269
109.80 313.0 338.70 8.585 1.013 1.370 111.20 8.242 870.00 1917.631 0.889 288.269
109.80 313.0 326.70 8.307 1.013 1.136 111.00 7.871 775.70 1917.631 0.907 288.269
37. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
1000.0 1200.0 1400.0 1600.0 1800.0 2000.0 2200.0
Po2/Po1
Masa adimensional
Flujo masico adimensional Vs Po2/Po1
300.52
288.27
0.860
0.865
0.870
0.875
0.880
0.885
0.890
0.895
0.900
0.905
0.910
7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0
Eficiencia
del
comp
Po2/Po1
Eficiencia Vs rpm aTítulo del gráfico
300.52
288.27
Poly. (300.52)
Poly. (288.27)
38. JJGL
TURBINAS DE GAS TEMA 4
FUNCIONAMIENTO FUERA DE DISEÑO
RepúblicaBolivariana deVenezuela
UniversidaddelZulia
Facultadde Ingeniería