Every expectant mother or father-to-be wants a POSITIVE BIRTH. Unfortunately there has become such a division in the childbirth conversation that only one type of birth is considered to be positive ... natural home birth. Yeeks ... a hospital birth can't been seen of as a positive much less an elective surgical birth.
Good heavens what are we doing to our society when so many families are left out of truly feeling their baby's birth is honored, respected and valued? This has to stop.
The hundreds of Birthing Better Pink Kit families who developed The Pink Kit skills in the early 1970s all wanted a positive birth and they all achieved that. This is not rocket science.
How did all these families and tens of thousands afterwards do the same thing? Simple. They learned skills to prepare their pregnant body to become a birthing body. This is fun to do, enjoyable, part of becoming a mother and father, a commitment to our baby and a good idea.
Then these families learned, practiced and USED their birth and coaching skills to work through their baby's birth no matter how that birth unfolded. That's right. To achieve a positive birth all it takes is to use skills to work through your baby's birth journey. Who knows what will happen to or around you during the birth but with skills you can always achieve a positive birth because you are a skilled birthing mother and coaching dad.
Every expectant mother or father-to-be wants a POSITIVE BIRTH. Unfortunately there has become such a division in the childbirth conversation that only one type of birth is considered to be positive ... natural home birth. Yeeks ... a hospital birth can't been seen of as a positive much less an elective surgical birth.
Good heavens what are we doing to our society when so many families are left out of truly feeling their baby's birth is honored, respected and valued? This has to stop.
The hundreds of Birthing Better Pink Kit families who developed The Pink Kit skills in the early 1970s all wanted a positive birth and they all achieved that. This is not rocket science.
How did all these families and tens of thousands afterwards do the same thing? Simple. They learned skills to prepare their pregnant body to become a birthing body. This is fun to do, enjoyable, part of becoming a mother and father, a commitment to our baby and a good idea.
Then these families learned, practiced and USED their birth and coaching skills to work through their baby's birth no matter how that birth unfolded. That's right. To achieve a positive birth all it takes is to use skills to work through your baby's birth journey. Who knows what will happen to or around you during the birth but with skills you can always achieve a positive birth because you are a skilled birthing mother and coaching dad.
Uterus Transplantation Utx (obstetric and gynecology) D.A.B.M
Is the surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased.
As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile.
This phenomenon is known as Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility (AUFI).
Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
Uterus is a dynamic, complex organ. It is hugely blood-flow dependent.
More than 116,000 Number of men, women and children on the national transplant waiting list as of August 2017.
33,611 transplants were performed in 2016.
20 people die each day waiting for a transplant.
every 10 minutes another person is added to the waiting list.
Lecture by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in BOGSCON 2015, the Annual Conference of Bengal Obstetric and Gynaecological Society, held at Hotel Novotel, Kolkata in January, 2015; where he had been invited as FACULTY to deliver his lecture
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
Uterus Transplantation Utx (obstetric and gynecology) D.A.B.M
Is the surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased.
As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile.
This phenomenon is known as Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility (AUFI).
Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
Uterus is a dynamic, complex organ. It is hugely blood-flow dependent.
More than 116,000 Number of men, women and children on the national transplant waiting list as of August 2017.
33,611 transplants were performed in 2016.
20 people die each day waiting for a transplant.
every 10 minutes another person is added to the waiting list.
Lecture by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in BOGSCON 2015, the Annual Conference of Bengal Obstetric and Gynaecological Society, held at Hotel Novotel, Kolkata in January, 2015; where he had been invited as FACULTY to deliver his lecture
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
1. Adbhut Matrutva :
The third trimester algorithm
Dr S.SHANTHA KUMARI
M.D. D.N.B. FICOG FRCPI (Ireland)
PROFESSOR OBGYN
CHAIRPERSON ICOG 2018
CONSULTANT YASHODA HOSPITAL
ICOG SECRETARY 2015 -2017 (Indian College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists)
Member FIGO working Group on Violence Against Women
VICE PRESIDENT FOGSI 2013
ICOG GOVERNING COUNCIL MEMBER
IAGE MANAGING COMMITTEE MEMBER
NATIONAL CORRESPONDING EDITOR FOR JOGI
ORGANIZING SECRETARY AICOG 2011CHAIRPERSON MNNRRC 2008
2. Dr. S. Shantha Kumari
MD. DNB FICOG. FRCPI(Ireland)
Consultant –Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad
Chair person of Medical Nomenclature ,Norms,
Research Records committee of FOGSI 2008 - 2010
Organizing Secretary of AICOG 2011 – Hyderabad
Vice President FOGSI 2013
ICOG Governing Council Member 2012 -2015
IAGE Managing Committee Member 2013 - 2015
National Corresponding Editor for Journal of
Obstetrics & Gynecology of India 2011 - 2013
ICOG Secretary 2015 - 2017
FIGO Working Group on Violence Against Women
Member 2015 - 2018
ICOG Chairperson 2018 -2019
6. Step 1 : taking stock
• Review notes till the
second trimester
• Check routine
investigations check list
• Review risk factors
• Plan further antenatal
visits and tests
• Plan further care …..
7. 7
WHO Guideline on
Antenatal Care (2016)
Overview
Reproductive Health and Research (RHR)
Nutrition for Health and Development (NHD)
Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MCA)
Geneva, Switzerland
8. Antenatal care is critical
Through timely and appropriate
evidence-based actions related to health
promotion, disease prevention,
screening, and treatment
Reduces complications
from pregnancy and
childbirth
Reduces stillbirths and
perinatal deaths
9. A healthy pregnancy for mother and
baby (including preventing or
treating risks, illness and death)
Physical and sociocultural normality
during pregnancy
Effective transition to positive labour
and birth
Positive motherhood (including
maternal self-esteem, competence
and autonomy)
Women want a
Positive
Pregnancy
Experience
from ANC
Women’s views
Medical care; relevant and timely information; emotional support and advice
Downe S et al, 2016
11. Contact versus visit
• The guideline uses the term ‘contact’ - it implies an active
connection between a pregnant woman and a health care provider
that is not implicit with the word ‘visit’.
– quality care including medical care, support and timely and relevant
information
• In terms of the operationalization of this recommendation, ‘contact’
can take place at the facility or at community level
– be adapted to local context through health facilities or community
outreach services
• ‘Contact’ helps to facilitate context-specific recommendations
– Interventions (such as malaria, tuberculosis)
– Health system (such as task shifting)
12. IMMUNIZATION IN PREGNANCY
• ROUTINE VACCINES: SAFE DURING PREGNANCY
o Tetanus
o Influenza
o Hepatitis B
o Meningococcal
o Rabies
Special considerations ; pneumococcal vaccine, typhoid, cholera,
hepatitis A, Yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, polio.
CONTRAINDICATED- Live attenuated vaccines
Measles, mumps, Rubella,
Varicella,
BCG
Oral polio
13. INFLUENZA
• Killed virus preparation with annually adjusted antigenic makeup.
• Current Canadian recommendations advocate universal immunization of
pregnant women against influenza in second or third trimester of pregnancy.
• Another reason for immunization in pregnancy is the protection of the
newborn after birth, which can be accomplished with passive immunity
(transfer of maternal antibodies). Further, the most common way for infants
to acquire influenza is from household contacts, so immunization of the
mother can prevent her from acquiring influenza and potentially passing it
on to her child.
• Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV),live attenuated influenza vaccine
(LAIV),recombinant quadrivalent vaccines are available in India.
• TIV is annual, single IM dose of 0.5 ml also known as flu
shot(H1N1,H3N2,influenza B)
• LAIV is administered by the intranasal route is approved for use in adults
upto 50 years of age. Evidence recommends people at high risk for influenza
related complication.
• Recombinant quadrivalent vaccine is given, intradermal 0.5ml single dose.
saftey in pregnancy is under trial.
14. • Obstetric care providers should administer the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria
toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to all pregnant patients during each
pregnancy, as early in the 27–36-weeks-of-gestation window as possible.
• Pregnant women should be counseled that the administration of the Tdap vaccine
during each pregnancy is safe and important to make sure that each newborn
receives the highest possible protection against pertussis at birth.
• Obstetrician–gynecologists are encouraged to stock and administer the Tdap
vaccine in their offices.
• Partners, family members, and infant caregivers should be offered the Tdap
vaccine if they have not previously been vaccinated. Ideally, all family members
should be vaccinated at least 2 weeks before coming in contact with the newborn.
• If not administered during pregnancy, the Tdap vaccine should be given
immediately postpartum if the woman has never received a prior dose of Tdap as
an adolescent, adult, or during a previous pregnancy.
• There are certain circumstances in which it is appropriate to administer the Tdap
vaccine outside of the 27–36-weeks-of-gestation window. For example, in cases
of wound management, a pertussis outbreak, or other extenuating circumstances,
the need for protection from infection supercedes the benefit of administering the
vaccine during the 27–36-weeks-of-gestation window.
• If a pregnant woman is vaccinated early in her pregnancy (ie, before 27–36 weeks
of gestation), she does not need to be vaccinated again during 27–36 weeks of
gestation.
15. Third trimester checklist
What has been done
• Booking tests
• ANC notes
• Screening tests for anemia,
infections, pre eclampsia,
GDM and fetal
anomalies/aneuploidies
• TT immunisation
• Familiarise with important
past history / familial health
issues
Plan for What needs to be done
16. Third trimester algorithm
: By 28 weeks
• Measure Symphisio fundal height
• Hemoglobin – 28wks – second check for anemia
• Red cell antibodies
• Indirect Coomb’s test for the Rh negative
• OGTT – second check for GDM
• BP measurements, proteinuria
• Offer opportunity to ask questions and clarify
doubts
17. Nutrition in third trimester
• Fresh fruits /vegetables
: “5-a-day”
• Carbohydrates – whole
grain varieties at every
meal
• Low fat dairy products
:2-3 times a day
• Proteins: varieties of
protein rich foods: 2
times a day
20. Yoga in third trimester
• Relieves Backache
• Helps in increasing physical
wellness – posture and balance
• Increases positive endorphins –
good mood
• Meeting people
• Making friends
• Peer groups
• Better diet habits
21.
22. COSMETIC CARE
• Hyperpigmentation
• Frontoparietal thinning of
hair due to increase in
androgens
• Telogen effluvium-
postpartum, diffuse
shedding
• Striae : abdomen,
breats,thighs (mechanical
stretching and increased
estrogen, relaxin,
adrenocortical hormones)
23. CLEANLINESS
Personal Hygiene prevents
acquiring infection and also
from transmittibg to the baby
Wash your hands with soap and water
before every meal and after attending
toilet.
Clip your nails regularly
Have a bath daily
Dental hygiene
24.
25. PREPARING FOR DELIVERY
• STAGES OF LABOUR –
I Stage : Early labor and active labor.
early contractions that are irregular and
last less than a minute.(last from a few hours to days).
active contractions that are regular and
last about a minute.
Once active contractions begin need to head to a hospital
or birthing center.
II Stage: lasts through the actual birth. During the
second stage,cervix is completely dilated and baby travels
down and out of the birth canal.
III Stage: occurs after baby is born. Contractions
continue until the placenta is delivered out of birth canal.
26. Third trimester algorithm :
32-34 weeks
• Measure symphysio fundal height
• Plot on gravidogram
• Check BP – proteinuria
• Fetal growth scan as indicated
• Placental localisation scan as indicated(based on
earlier suspicion of previa/accrete etc)
• Review earlier tests and discuss further care plan
with the pregnant woman – allow her to ask
questions and clarify doubts
• Identify women with need for additional support
27. General discomfort
• Physically challenging to
handle the increased
“weight of pregnancy”
• Sleeplessness
• Irritability
• Tender loving care
• Positive motivation by
spouse, peers and family
28. Third trimester algorithm :
36-40 weeks
• Measure symphysio fundal height
• Plot on gravidogram
• Check BP – proteinuria
• Check fetal position
• Consider ECV for breech presentation
• Refer the women with placenta previa/accrete to
appropriate centres
• Discuss further care plan with the pregnant
woman – allow her to ask questions and clarify
doubts
29. Third trimester algorithm :
40 weeks - delivery
• Measure symphysio fundal height
• Plot on gravidogram
• Check BP – proteinuria
• Closer antenatal surveillance
• Refer to district hospital if needed
• Offer induction of labour
• Discuss further care plan with the pregnant
woman – allow her to ask questions and clarify
doubts
30. FETAL KICK COUNT
MATERNAL PERCEPTION OF DECREASED FETAL COUNT MAY BE
A RED FLAG SIGN FOR IMPENDING FETAL DISTRESS.
Fetal kick are appreciated for the first time at around 18-20weeks.
Fetal kick count is significant after 28weeks.
The DFMC requires pregnant women to begin a fetal movement
count at a selected time each day, count 10 movements and record
the elapsed time from the first to the tenth movement.
Findings which would indicate possible danger to the fetus, and
which should be reported immediately, include less than 10
movements in 12 hours; no perception of movement in an eight-
hour period; a change in the usual pattern of fetal movement; or a
sudden increase in violent fetal movements followed by complete
cessation of movement.
31.
32.
33. WHAT ARE THE
DANGER
SIGNALS?
• Severe abdominal pains or cramps
• Generalised weakness, easy
fatiguability and breathlessness
• Vaginal bleeding
• Convulsions
• Excessive swelling of the feet,
• blurring of vision,
• severe and persistent headache
• Decreased urine output
• Fever
• Sudden gush of fluid from the vagina
IF ANY OF THE
FOLLOWING OCCUR –
SEEK HELP IMMEDITALEY
AND REACH HOSPITAL TO
PRESERVE YOUR HRALTH
AND LIFE
34.
35.
36. Overall wellbeing
• Practicing empathy and
effective listening as a
health care provider
• Address emotional
wellbeing issues:
• Stop Worrying
• Communicating feelings
and needs to others
• Partner compatibility
37. Working women : third
trimester
• Planning maternity leave
• Traffic safety issues if
driving to work
• Emergency contact persons
• Back up plan for sudden
medical help
40. BREAST FEEDING
• Breastfeeding is one of the most
effective ways to ensure child health
and survival.
• If every child was breastfed within an
hour of birth, given only breast milk
for their first six months of life, and
continued breastfeeding up to the age
of two years, about 800,000 child
lives would be saved every year.
-
WHO
41.
42.
43.
44. SENSITIZATION AND CONNECTING WITH YOUR
CHILD AND DOCTOR
• The closeness of the parent-child connection
throughout life results from how much
parents connect with their babies, right from
the beginning.
45. Third trimester:MUST DO
• Breast feeding
techniques
• Preparation for labour
and birth
• Recognition of active
labour
• Care of newborn
• Postnatal self care
• Awareness of postnatal
depression
46. Third trimester of pregnancy:
Week 28 – labour/delivery
“Algorithmic approach”:
third trimester
Proceed step by step
in a logical manner to continue
antenatal care from second trimester till
labour/delivery
THANK YOU !!