This document compares 3G and 4G wireless technologies and discusses cellular networks. It provides an overview of each generation of wireless technology including their features and drawbacks. 1G used analog signals and had issues like poor voice quality. 2G enabled texting and MMS but had weaker signals. 3G increased speeds but required more bandwidth. 4G aims to provide speeds from 100Mbps to 1Gbps anywhere. The document also describes how cellular networks work using radio cells and handovers between base stations, and discusses technologies like CDMA and GSM used in mobile phone networks.

1. 3G VS 4G
and
Cellular Networks

2. Team members

3. Contents…
3G VS 4G
3
◎Introduction
◎1G wireless technology and its drawbacks
◎2G wireless technology and its drawbacks
◎2.5G wireless technology and its drawbacks
◎3G wireless technology and its drawbacks
◎4G wireless technology and its drawbacks
◎5G wireless technology and its drawbacks
◎Future technology

4. 4
Introduction
The word wireless in dictionary defined “having no
wires ” .
In networking terminology , wireless is the term
used to describe any computer network where there
is no physical wired connection

5. • Using Analog signals
• Listen to handset
• It's Speed was upto 2.4kbps.
• Frequency typically
150MHz & above
1G Wireless Technology

6. Drawbacks Of 1G
 Poor battery
 Poor voice quality
 Large in size
 No security
 Frequency call drop

7. 2G Wireless Technology
◎It enables services such as text messages,
picture messages and MMS (multi media
message).
◎It’s data speed was upto 64kbps.
◎ It provides better quality and capacity .

8. Drawbacks Of 2G
◎Weaker digital signal
◎These systems are unable to handle complex data
such as Videos.
◎Reduce range of sound

9. 2.5 G Wireless Technology
◎2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and
third (3G) generation of mobile telephony.
◎2.5G is sometimes described as 2G Cellular
◎ Technology combined with GPRS.

10. Features Includes in 2.5 G:
◎Phone Calls
◎ Send/Receive E-mail Messages
◎ Web Browsing
◎ Speed : 64-144 kbps
◎ Camera Phones

11. 3G Wireless Technology
◎Data Transmission speed increased from
144kbps- 2Mbps.
◎Providing Faster Communication
◎ Send/Receive Large Email Messages
◎High Speed Web / More Security
◎Video Conferencing / 3D Gaming
◎TV Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls

12. Drawbacks Of 3G
◎High Bandwidth Requirement
◎Expensive 3G Phones.
◎ Large Cell Phones

13. 4G Wireless Technology
“ Any time any where”
◎Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed.
◎ More Security
◎ High Speed
◎ High Capacity
◎ Low Cost Per-bit

14. Drawbacks Of 4G
◎Battery uses is more
◎ Hard to implement
◎ Need complicated hardware
◎ Expensive equipment required to
implement next generation network.

15. 5G Wireless Technology
◎The router or switch we are going to use in 5G network
would provide high connectivity with wireless device.
◎It is 10 times more faster than 4G.
◎It has a expected speed of 1gbps.
◎Lower cost than the previous version.

16. Features
◎Uploading & Downloading speed of 5G touching the peak (up to 1Gbps)
◎Better & fast solution
◎It is highly supportable to WWWW
(Wireless World Wide Web).
◎Large Phone Memory, Dialing Speed,
clarity in Audio/Video.
◎5G technology is going to give tough competition to Computers and
Laptops.

17. Future trends

18. Comparison

19. comparison

20. Cellular
Networks

21. CONTENTS
◎Introduction
◎Working
◎Benefits
◎Characteristics
◎Movement From Cell To Cell
◎Mobile Phone Networks
◎Future Scope
◎Bibliography
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22. 22
INTRODUCTION
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•A cellular network is a radio network made up of a
number of radio cells (or just cells) each served by at
least one fixed-location transceiver known as a cell
site or base station.

23. Example
 An example of a simple non-telephone cellular system is
an taxi driver's radio system where the taxi company
has several transmitters based around a city that can
communicate directly with each taxi.
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24. WORKING
24
MSMobile station; BSTBase station transceiver; MSCMobile switching center; BSCBase station controller;
PSTNPublic switched telephone network

25. BENEFITS
◎More capacity due to spectral reuse
◎Lower transmission power due to smaller
transmitter/receiver distances
◎reduced power usage
◎larger coverage area
◎reduced interference from other signals
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26. CHARACTERISTICS
PAGING
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• Paging takes place by sending the broadcast message
to all of the cells.
• In mobile telephony systems, the most important use of
broadcast information is to set up channels for one to
one communication between the mobile transceiver and
the base station.
• Paging messages can be used for information transfer.

27. FREQUENCY REUSE
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•FDMA
•Frequency Division Multiple
Access or FDMA is a channel
access method used in multiple-
access protocols as a
channelization protocol.
•FDMA gives users an individual
allocation of one or
several frequency bands,
or channels. Multiple Access
systems coordinate access
between multiple users.

28. 28
•CDMA
• Code division multiple
access (CDMA) is a channel
access method utilized by various
radio communication
technologies.
• It should not be confused with
the mobile phone standards
called cdmaOne and CDMA2000
(which are often referred to as
simply "CDMA"), which use
CDMA as an underlying channel
access method.

29. • TDMA
• Time division multiple access. A method of digital wireless
communications transmission that allows a large number of
users to access (in sequence) a single radio frequency channel
without interference by allocating unique time slots to each
user within the channel. Each frequency is broken into time
slots through which bits of data flow.
• TDMA is used in second generation wireless phone systems,
such as GSM and TDMA.
• TDMA cannot be used to separate signals from one cell to the
next since the effects of both vary with position and this would
make signal separation practically impossible.
• Time division multiple access, however, is used in combination
with either FDMA or CDMA in a number of systems to give
multiple channels within the coverage area of a single cell.
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30. MOVEMENT FROM CELL TO CELL & HANDOVER
manual switching
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•RADIO TAXI NETWORK
•In a primitive taxi system, when the taxi moved away from a first
tower and closer to a second tower, the taxi driver manually
switched from one frequency to another as needed. If a
communication was interrupted due to a loss of a signal, the taxi
driver asked the base station operator to repeat the message on a
different frequency.

31. MOVEMENT FROM CELL TO CELL & HANDOVER
•CELLULAR NETWORK
•In a cellular system, as the distributed mobile transceivers
move from cell to cell during an ongoing continuous
communication, switching from one cell frequency to a different
cell frequency is done electronically without interruption.
•This is called the handover or handoff.

32. MOBILE PHONE NETWORKS
The most common example of a cellular network is a mobile
phone (cell phone) network.
A mobile phone is a portable telephone which receives or makes
calls through a cell site (base station), or transmitting tower.
Since almost all mobile phones use cellular technology,
including GSM, CDMA, and AMPS (analog), the term "cell phone" is in
some regions, notably the US, used interchangeably with "mobile
phone".
However, satellite phones are mobile phones that do not
communicate directly with a ground-based cellular tower, but may
do so indirectly by way of a satellite.
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33. MOBILE PHONE NETWORKS
(Contd.)
◎There are a number of different digital cellular technologies, including:
○Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
○ General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
○ Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
○ Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO)
○ Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE or GSM EDGE)
○ 3GSM
○ Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)
○ Digital AMPS (IS-136/TDMA)
○ Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN).

34. CDMA
◎Interim Standard 95 (IS-95) is the first CDMA-based digital cellular
standard pioneered by Qualcomm. The brand name for IS-95 is cdmaOne.
◎It is a 2G Mobile Telecommunications Standard that uses CDMA,
a multiple access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data and signaling
data (such as a dialed telephone number) between
mobile telephones and cell sites.
◎CDMA or "code division multiple access" is a digital radio system that
transmits streams of bits (PN codes).
◎CDMA permits several radios to share the same frequencies.
◎Unlike TDMA "time division multiple access", a competing system used
in 2G GSM, all radios can be active all the time, because network capacity
does not directly limit the number of active radios.
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35. CDMA (Contd.)
◎Since larger numbers of phones can be served by smaller numbers
of cell-sites, CDMA-based standards have a significant economic
advantage over TDMA-based standards that used frequency-division
multiplexing.
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36. GSM
◎GSM (Global System for Mobile communications: originally
from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile
phones in the world.
◎Its promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 80% of the global
mobile market uses the standard. GSM is used by over 3 billion people
across more than 212 countries and territories.
◎GSM differs from its predecessors in that both signaling and speech
channels are digital, and thus is considered a second generation (2G) mobile
phone system.
◎This has also meant that data communication was easy to build into the
system. GSM EDGE is a 3G version of the protocol.
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37. FUTURE SCOPE
◎Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Ltd. - Consortium
with partnership of major mobile operators
◎Recommendations without specific technology prescriptions
◎Target to establish performance targets, recommendations
and deployment scenarios for future wide-area mobile
broadband network packet switched core.
◎The architecture intended to provide a smooth migration of
existing 2G/3G networks towards an IP network that is cost
competitive and has broadband performance.
◎Multi-hopping Networks.
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38. BIBLIOGRAPHY
◎www.google.com
◎www.wikipedia.org
◎http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds7-
2/cellular.html
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39. Thanks!