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Lecture 3   ESS_2nd semester ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
zona pellucida
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reduction of the chromosome number is  achieved  by special type of cell division called  meiosis ; th ere are two successive meiotic divisions : the   first meiotic division :  homologous chromosomes pair during prophase and separate during anaphase, with one representative of each pair going to the respective pole ; by  the end of the first meiotic division, each new cell formed contains the haploid chromosome number, i.e. half the original number of chromosomes of proceeding cell (homologous chromosomes go well together and two always form a "matched pair" whose members are derived from each parents) - the  reduction division ;  disjunction of paired homologous chromosomes is the physical basis of segregation (the separation) of allelic genes. the  second meiotic division :  follows immediately the first division  without DNA replication  and without a normal interphase , each  chromosome divides in two chromatids that are then drawn to opposite poles ,  the  haploid number  of chromosomes is retained, and daughter cells formed during the second division really contain reduced chromosome number, with one representative of every chromosome pair.
Spermatogenesis  =  m aturation process of male gametes ;  includes the series of events leading to transformation of  spermatogonia into haploid spermatids ; t hese then develop into ripe (mature) sperms by gradual process known as spermiogenesis ( =  histological differentiation of spermatids )     3 phases: s permiogenesis   meiosis s perm atocyt ogenesis
the site where spermatozoa undergo their development and maturation are  s eminiferous tubules of the testis development from the spermatogonium to fully differentiated spermatozoon lasts 64 –74 days in avarrage
s perm atocyt ogenesis   meiosis spermiogenesis
s permiogene sis
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison of spermatogenesis and  ogenesis   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],germ cell viability  –  s permatozoa   can stay alive in the  female reproductive tract for 24  hours (there is suggestive evidence that some sperms may fertilize an ovum for as long as three days  after insemination) if  the ovum (the secondary oocyte) was  not fertilized , it  degenerates 12 to 24 hours after ovulation
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TEM : SEM:
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Early blastocyst      Late (mature) blastocyst (with the zona) (denuded) d uring the day 6 ,  the zona pellucida becomes to digest by enzymes  contained in the uterine fluid  and soon disappears t he denuded blastocyst then expands up to diameter of 400   m  or more  and is prepared to  start the implantation
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Lecture3

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  • 14. Spermatogenesis = m aturation process of male gametes ; includes the series of events leading to transformation of spermatogonia into haploid spermatids ; t hese then develop into ripe (mature) sperms by gradual process known as spermiogenesis ( = histological differentiation of spermatids ) 3 phases: s permiogenesis meiosis s perm atocyt ogenesis
  • 15. the site where spermatozoa undergo their development and maturation are s eminiferous tubules of the testis development from the spermatogonium to fully differentiated spermatozoon lasts 64 –74 days in avarrage
  • 16. s perm atocyt ogenesis meiosis spermiogenesis
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  • 30. Early blastocyst Late (mature) blastocyst (with the zona) (denuded) d uring the day 6 , the zona pellucida becomes to digest by enzymes contained in the uterine fluid and soon disappears t he denuded blastocyst then expands up to diameter of 400  m or more and is prepared to start the implantation
  • 31.
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Editor's Notes

  1. 5th month: 7 million oogonia ////// Beginning of 3rd month the cells start to enter the prophase of the first meiotic division. Primary oocyte are lost during development and around puberty the women have 300000 oocytes. Reproductive life 30-40 years. Menstruation cycle 28 days……450 eggs are released