Embryonic Development
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The document discusses embryonic development in humans. It begins with fertilization and cleavage, followed by gastrulation where the three germ layers are formed. During this time the primitive streak and Henson's node develop. Organogenesis then occurs, forming individual organs from the germ layers. Mammalian development includes the allantois and notochord. In humans, the placenta forms and gestation occurs over three trimesters, with major organ structures present by the first trimester.
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Embryonic Development
A presentation (prepared by middle school life science students) on the process of embryonic development.
Embryonic development SlideShare.
1. Cleavage is the early mitotic divisions of the zygote that forms a hollow, multicellular blastocyst. The zygote undergoes a series of cleavages, reducing cell size and increasing metabolic rate.
2. Blastulation is the formation of the blastocyst from the morula. The outer cells of the morula form the trophoblast, which absorbs uterine fluid to form a blastocyst cavity. The inner cells remain as the embryoblast.
3. Implantation occurs when the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall between 7-10 days after fertilization. The trophoblast cells invade the endometrium and secrete enzymes, forming
Fertilization
Fertilization occurs when a sperm enters an ovum and their nuclei fuse to form a zygote with 46 chromosomes. This takes place in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division, forming a morula, blastula, and gastrula. During the gastrula stage, the three germ layers form - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - which will give rise to the embryo's organs and tissues. The blastocyst then implants in the uterus, where the placenta develops to support fetal development over the following months.
Placenta structure and functions
The document discusses the structure and types of placenta. It notes that the placenta is a fetal organ responsible for nutrition, oxygen, and waste exchange between the mother and fetus. The placenta has fetal and maternal components that come into contact. There are five types of placenta classified by their histology and nature of contact with the uterus. The placenta serves respiratory, excretory, nutritional, and endocrine functions vital to maintaining pregnancy.
Development of embryo
The document outlines the key developmental stages of an embryo from fertilization through the 8th week. It discusses the formation of the blastocyst and attachment to the uterine lining in the 1st week. In the 2nd and 3rd weeks, the formation of the germ layers and notochord occur, along with gastrulation and neurulation. Somites begin to form in the 3rd week. Limbs and major organ systems develop through the 4th to 8th weeks as the embryo grows and differentiates.
Implantation
The key steps in implantation are:
1. The blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida 1-3 days after entering the uterine cavity.
2. The endometrium is prepared for implantation through the activity of hormones and growth factors.
3. Implantation begins with the blastocyst apposing and adhering to the uterine epithelium 2-4 days after entering the cavity, mediated by cytokines and adhesion molecules.
4. Trophoblastic invasion then occurs, facilitated by protein degradation of the extracellular matrix. Invasion is limited by proteinase inhibitors.
Structure and function of placenta
The placenta has fetal and maternal portions separated by chorionic and decidual plates. Between the plates are intervillous spaces containing maternal blood. During months 4-5, decidual septa divide the placenta into compartments called cotyledons. The placenta exchanges gases, nutrients, electrolytes and antibodies between mother and fetus. It also produces hormones like progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy.
Fertilization
Steps of fertilization, where transport of gametes(oocyte and spermatozoon) , illustrated with images.
Differences in characteristics of egg and sperm of fertilization are tabulated.
Capacitation and acrosomal reaction are shown with diagrams to understand.
Barriers protecting female gamete shown with images.
Flowchart has been drawn to show the phases of fertilization and response of egg after entry of the sperm with explanation.
The result of fertilization is highlighted .
Ends
Recommended
Embryonic Development
A presentation (prepared by middle school life science students) on the process of embryonic development.
Embryonic development SlideShare.
1. Cleavage is the early mitotic divisions of the zygote that forms a hollow, multicellular blastocyst. The zygote undergoes a series of cleavages, reducing cell size and increasing metabolic rate.
2. Blastulation is the formation of the blastocyst from the morula. The outer cells of the morula form the trophoblast, which absorbs uterine fluid to form a blastocyst cavity. The inner cells remain as the embryoblast.
3. Implantation occurs when the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall between 7-10 days after fertilization. The trophoblast cells invade the endometrium and secrete enzymes, forming
Fertilization
Fertilization occurs when a sperm enters an ovum and their nuclei fuse to form a zygote with 46 chromosomes. This takes place in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division, forming a morula, blastula, and gastrula. During the gastrula stage, the three germ layers form - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - which will give rise to the embryo's organs and tissues. The blastocyst then implants in the uterus, where the placenta develops to support fetal development over the following months.
Placenta structure and functions
The document discusses the structure and types of placenta. It notes that the placenta is a fetal organ responsible for nutrition, oxygen, and waste exchange between the mother and fetus. The placenta has fetal and maternal components that come into contact. There are five types of placenta classified by their histology and nature of contact with the uterus. The placenta serves respiratory, excretory, nutritional, and endocrine functions vital to maintaining pregnancy.
Development of embryo
The document outlines the key developmental stages of an embryo from fertilization through the 8th week. It discusses the formation of the blastocyst and attachment to the uterine lining in the 1st week. In the 2nd and 3rd weeks, the formation of the germ layers and notochord occur, along with gastrulation and neurulation. Somites begin to form in the 3rd week. Limbs and major organ systems develop through the 4th to 8th weeks as the embryo grows and differentiates.
Implantation
The key steps in implantation are:
1. The blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida 1-3 days after entering the uterine cavity.
2. The endometrium is prepared for implantation through the activity of hormones and growth factors.
3. Implantation begins with the blastocyst apposing and adhering to the uterine epithelium 2-4 days after entering the cavity, mediated by cytokines and adhesion molecules.
4. Trophoblastic invasion then occurs, facilitated by protein degradation of the extracellular matrix. Invasion is limited by proteinase inhibitors.
Structure and function of placenta
The placenta has fetal and maternal portions separated by chorionic and decidual plates. Between the plates are intervillous spaces containing maternal blood. During months 4-5, decidual septa divide the placenta into compartments called cotyledons. The placenta exchanges gases, nutrients, electrolytes and antibodies between mother and fetus. It also produces hormones like progesterone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy.
Fertilization
Steps of fertilization, where transport of gametes(oocyte and spermatozoon) , illustrated with images.
Differences in characteristics of egg and sperm of fertilization are tabulated.
Capacitation and acrosomal reaction are shown with diagrams to understand.
Barriers protecting female gamete shown with images.
Flowchart has been drawn to show the phases of fertilization and response of egg after entry of the sperm with explanation.
The result of fertilization is highlighted .
Ends
Fertilization,implantation and fetal development
Fertilization is the process by which an egg is fertilized by a sperm, beginning the development of a new organism. It occurs in the fallopian tubes, where the sperm penetrates the egg and fuses with its pronuclei. This forms a single cell called a zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to become a blastocyst that implants in the uterus. The blastocyst continues to develop through the stages of morula, blastocyst, and embryo as it grows over a period of 38 weeks until birth as a full-term baby.
Fertilization notes
Fertilization of Human gametes.
For Scientific Free Lectures, Visit - http://bit.ly/VisitZofirAcademy
04 implantation
Implantation begins around 6 days after fertilization and is usually complete by 11-12 days. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium through enzymes produced by the trophoblast. Trophoblast cells penetrate the endometrium and develop into two layers. By 10 days the conceptus is fully embedded and a blood supply is established. The formation of the bilaminar embryonic disc and primary chorionic villi occurs around 13 days. Ectopic pregnancies can occur if implantation is outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic test performed in the second trimester of pregnancy to detect genetic disorders, infections, and other problems in the fetus. It involves inserting a needle through the mother's abdomen into the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus to remove and test a small sample of amniotic fluid. While it carries some risks like infection, bleeding, or premature labor, amniocentesis is generally considered a safe procedure when performed by a medical professional. The test can provide information about inherited diseases, neural tube defects, lung maturity, and other health issues in the developing fetus starting at 15 weeks of gestation.
Embryology (mo)
The document outlines the key stages of human embryonic development from fertilization through the fetal period. It begins with fertilization and the early cleavage stages. Around 3 days post-fertilization, the embryo reaches the morula stage and enters the uterus. It then forms a blastocyst with an inner cell mass and trophoblast cells. Around day 6, the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall and the trophoblasts begin to produce hCG. Organ systems rapidly develop through week 8, after which the fetal period of growth begins until birth.
Human embryonic development
1. The stages of pregnancy and development include fertilization, embryonic development, fetal development, growth, and childbirth.
2. Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division and implants in the uterus.
3. During embryonic development, the embryo undergoes differentiation and formation of the three primary layers and organs.
4. The fetal stage involves continued growth and maturation of all body systems until birth.
Fertilization
Fertilization is the process by which an egg and sperm unite. In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. The egg and sperm must first make contact, then the sperm undergoes an acrosome reaction to penetrate the egg's protective layers. Once the sperm fuses with the egg membrane, its nucleus enters the cytoplasm, leaving behind most of its cellular components except its nucleus and centriole. The fused cells form a single cell called a zygote, initiating prenatal development.
Embryonic and fetal growth and development
The document discusses human embryonic and fetal growth and development. It defines key terms and outlines the objectives of covering the stages of intrauterine development from zygote to fetus. It describes the three primary germ layers that develop into organ systems, and the changes that occur in each stage of embryonic and fetal growth. Finally, it provides detailed information about fetal growth and development in each lunar month of pregnancy.
The foetal membranes
The document discusses the fetal membranes, which include the chorion and amnion. The chorion is the outer membrane that is attached to the placenta and uterine wall. The amnion lines the chorion and encloses the fetus and amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid provides protection and nutrition for the fetus, and aids in temperature regulation and movement. It is composed primarily of water, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals. The amniotic fluid circulates continuously, with production from the fetal membranes, fetal urine and transudation from maternal and fetal blood.
Fertilization, Types of fertilization, step of fertilization process, Chemist...
This document summarizes the process of fertilization in humans. It begins by defining fertilization as the fusion of male and female gametes that results in the formation of a zygote. It then describes the steps of fertilization, including the acrosomal reaction where sperm lysins allow fusion of sperm and egg membranes, cortical reaction where the egg is hardened to prevent polyspermy, sperm entry and karyogamy where the pronuclei fuse. The zygote then undergoes cell division as it travels through the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus, marking the beginning of pregnancy. Key roles of calcium ions and theories of egg activation are also summarized.
Implantation
The document discusses the process of implantation, beginning with definitions and timing. Implantation occurs around 6 days after fertilization and is completed by 11 days. The blastocyst implants in the posterior uterine wall. There is a short window of implantation around days 20-24 of the menstrual cycle. During this time, pinopods appear on the endometrial surface and decidualization of the endometrial stroma occurs to support implantation. The stages of implantation are apposition, adhesion, and invasion of the trophoblast into the endometrium. Various mediators help guide the blastocyst to the optimal implantation site. Complications can include ectopic pregnancy and abnormal placentation.
Placenta.ppt
The placenta is a temporary organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby and removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta can develop in different locations within the uterus. It begins developing at 4 weeks of pregnancy and continues growing throughout pregnancy. The placenta forms connections between the mother and baby's blood supplies but they do not intermingle. Potential placental pathologies include placenta accreta, placenta previa, and placental abruption.
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a procedure that involves inserting a needle through the abdominal wall to remove amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac in order to assess fetal health or maturity. It is usually offered after 15 weeks of pregnancy to check for genetic disorders or infections if other tests indicate risks. The amniotic fluid is then tested for markers of genetic conditions, lung maturity, infections, and other properties to evaluate the health of the unborn baby and presence of any disorders or complications. While generally safe, there are small risks of miscarriage, infection, or injury to the baby from the procedure.
Fertilization
Fertilization occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg to form a zygote. In Islam, legal fertilization is the union of a husband's sperm with his wife's egg in her fallopian tube. Hundreds of millions of sperm are deposited but only a few hundred reach the fallopian tube where the egg is located. The sperm must undergo capacitation and the acrosome reaction to penetrate the egg's barriers. Fusion of the sperm and egg nuclei forms the zygote with a full set of chromosomes, starting the process of cell division and human development.
Stages of fetal growth and development
The growth and development of the fetus is typically divided into three stages: the preembryonic stage from fertilization to 2-3 weeks, the embryonic stage from 4-8 weeks, and the fetal stage from 9 weeks until birth. During each stage, the fetus develops organ systems and physical features according to a general timeline, growing from a fertilized egg to a fully-formed baby by the end of the 38 week gestational period.
Embryology
This document provides an overview of human embryology from fertilization through the seventh week of development. Key events include fertilization, cleavage, formation of the blastocyst and implantation, development of the three germ layers and formation of the notochord and neural tube, somite formation, and the establishment of major organ systems. The major developmental milestones that occur each week of the first seven weeks are described.
prenatal diagnosis
Cordocentesis and fetoscopy are prenatal diagnostic tests. Cordocentesis involves inserting a needle into the umbilical cord under ultrasound guidance to retrieve a small sample of fetal blood, in order to test for fetal abnormalities. Fetoscopy uses an endoscope inserted through the abdomen and uterus to access the fetus and amniotic cavity. The triple test analyzes maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein, estriol, and hCG to assess risk of fetal abnormalities. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis involves biopsy of polar bodies, blastomeres, or trophectoderm cells to test embryos for genetic disorders before implantation. Karyotyping and gene mapping are techniques used to identify chromosomal abnormalities
Placenta
The placenta develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus while removing waste products. It attaches to the uterine wall and the umbilical cord arises from the placenta. The placenta develops from the chorionic villi on the fetal side and the decidua basalis on the maternal side. It grows rapidly and eventually replaces most of the decidua basalis. At term, the placenta is a circular disc that is the site of maternal-fetal transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste and various proteins and hormones essential to the development and survival of the fetus.
Placenta
The document discusses sampling and definitions of placental lesions. It provides information on the structure, development, and histology of the placenta, umbilical cord, membranes, and decidua. It notes that pathologic processes interfering with placental function can result in fetal abnormalities or stillbirth, and some long-term disabilities can be traced to prenatal injury. A systematic review found placental, cord, or membrane pathology contributed to 11-65% of stillbirths depending on the classification used.
Embryology
During the first 3 weeks of development, the zygote undergoes cleavage to become a morula, then a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants into the uterus between days 6-7. During the second week, the amniotic cavity and yolk sac form and the bilaminar disc develops. In the third week, gastrulation occurs forming the trilaminar disc. The notochord and neural tube begin developing, marking the start of the "period of threes" where the three germ layers and other structures form. This sets the stage for organogenesis in subsequent weeks.
Embryonic development after fertilization
After fertilization, an embryo undergoes three main processes:
1) Cleavage - The zygote rapidly divides through holoblastic or meroblastic cleavage to form a hollow ball of cells called a blastula.
2) Gastrulation - The blastula cells rearrange to form the three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
3) Organogenesis - The germ layers develop into organs, with the ectoderm forming skin and nervous system, endoderm forming lung, digestive, and glandular tissues, and mesoderm forming muscle and blood tissues.
Ppt.fs cham.reyes
The document summarizes the 23 stages of human embryonic development from fertilization to 8 weeks.
[1] The embryonic period begins at fertilization and ends 8 weeks later, divided into 23 stages of development based on morphological features.
[2] The earliest stages involve fertilization and cell division, followed by implantation and formation of the blastocyst.
[3] Later stages include development of the embryo, organs and limbs, and closing of the neural tube; stages are characterized by specific structural features present in the embryo at each phase of development.
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Fertilization,implantation and fetal development
Fertilization is the process by which an egg is fertilized by a sperm, beginning the development of a new organism. It occurs in the fallopian tubes, where the sperm penetrates the egg and fuses with its pronuclei. This forms a single cell called a zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to become a blastocyst that implants in the uterus. The blastocyst continues to develop through the stages of morula, blastocyst, and embryo as it grows over a period of 38 weeks until birth as a full-term baby.
Fertilization notes
Fertilization of Human gametes.
For Scientific Free Lectures, Visit - http://bit.ly/VisitZofirAcademy
04 implantation
Implantation begins around 6 days after fertilization and is usually complete by 11-12 days. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium through enzymes produced by the trophoblast. Trophoblast cells penetrate the endometrium and develop into two layers. By 10 days the conceptus is fully embedded and a blood supply is established. The formation of the bilaminar embryonic disc and primary chorionic villi occurs around 13 days. Ectopic pregnancies can occur if implantation is outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic test performed in the second trimester of pregnancy to detect genetic disorders, infections, and other problems in the fetus. It involves inserting a needle through the mother's abdomen into the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus to remove and test a small sample of amniotic fluid. While it carries some risks like infection, bleeding, or premature labor, amniocentesis is generally considered a safe procedure when performed by a medical professional. The test can provide information about inherited diseases, neural tube defects, lung maturity, and other health issues in the developing fetus starting at 15 weeks of gestation.
Embryology (mo)
The document outlines the key stages of human embryonic development from fertilization through the fetal period. It begins with fertilization and the early cleavage stages. Around 3 days post-fertilization, the embryo reaches the morula stage and enters the uterus. It then forms a blastocyst with an inner cell mass and trophoblast cells. Around day 6, the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall and the trophoblasts begin to produce hCG. Organ systems rapidly develop through week 8, after which the fetal period of growth begins until birth.
Human embryonic development
1. The stages of pregnancy and development include fertilization, embryonic development, fetal development, growth, and childbirth.
2. Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell in the fallopian tubes. The zygote then undergoes cell division and implants in the uterus.
3. During embryonic development, the embryo undergoes differentiation and formation of the three primary layers and organs.
4. The fetal stage involves continued growth and maturation of all body systems until birth.
Fertilization
Fertilization is the process by which an egg and sperm unite. In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. The egg and sperm must first make contact, then the sperm undergoes an acrosome reaction to penetrate the egg's protective layers. Once the sperm fuses with the egg membrane, its nucleus enters the cytoplasm, leaving behind most of its cellular components except its nucleus and centriole. The fused cells form a single cell called a zygote, initiating prenatal development.
Embryonic and fetal growth and development
The document discusses human embryonic and fetal growth and development. It defines key terms and outlines the objectives of covering the stages of intrauterine development from zygote to fetus. It describes the three primary germ layers that develop into organ systems, and the changes that occur in each stage of embryonic and fetal growth. Finally, it provides detailed information about fetal growth and development in each lunar month of pregnancy.
The foetal membranes
The document discusses the fetal membranes, which include the chorion and amnion. The chorion is the outer membrane that is attached to the placenta and uterine wall. The amnion lines the chorion and encloses the fetus and amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid provides protection and nutrition for the fetus, and aids in temperature regulation and movement. It is composed primarily of water, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals. The amniotic fluid circulates continuously, with production from the fetal membranes, fetal urine and transudation from maternal and fetal blood.
Fertilization, Types of fertilization, step of fertilization process, Chemist...
This document summarizes the process of fertilization in humans. It begins by defining fertilization as the fusion of male and female gametes that results in the formation of a zygote. It then describes the steps of fertilization, including the acrosomal reaction where sperm lysins allow fusion of sperm and egg membranes, cortical reaction where the egg is hardened to prevent polyspermy, sperm entry and karyogamy where the pronuclei fuse. The zygote then undergoes cell division as it travels through the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus, marking the beginning of pregnancy. Key roles of calcium ions and theories of egg activation are also summarized.
Implantation
The document discusses the process of implantation, beginning with definitions and timing. Implantation occurs around 6 days after fertilization and is completed by 11 days. The blastocyst implants in the posterior uterine wall. There is a short window of implantation around days 20-24 of the menstrual cycle. During this time, pinopods appear on the endometrial surface and decidualization of the endometrial stroma occurs to support implantation. The stages of implantation are apposition, adhesion, and invasion of the trophoblast into the endometrium. Various mediators help guide the blastocyst to the optimal implantation site. Complications can include ectopic pregnancy and abnormal placentation.
Placenta.ppt
The placenta is a temporary organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby and removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta can develop in different locations within the uterus. It begins developing at 4 weeks of pregnancy and continues growing throughout pregnancy. The placenta forms connections between the mother and baby's blood supplies but they do not intermingle. Potential placental pathologies include placenta accreta, placenta previa, and placental abruption.
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a procedure that involves inserting a needle through the abdominal wall to remove amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac in order to assess fetal health or maturity. It is usually offered after 15 weeks of pregnancy to check for genetic disorders or infections if other tests indicate risks. The amniotic fluid is then tested for markers of genetic conditions, lung maturity, infections, and other properties to evaluate the health of the unborn baby and presence of any disorders or complications. While generally safe, there are small risks of miscarriage, infection, or injury to the baby from the procedure.
Fertilization
Fertilization occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg to form a zygote. In Islam, legal fertilization is the union of a husband's sperm with his wife's egg in her fallopian tube. Hundreds of millions of sperm are deposited but only a few hundred reach the fallopian tube where the egg is located. The sperm must undergo capacitation and the acrosome reaction to penetrate the egg's barriers. Fusion of the sperm and egg nuclei forms the zygote with a full set of chromosomes, starting the process of cell division and human development.
Stages of fetal growth and development
The growth and development of the fetus is typically divided into three stages: the preembryonic stage from fertilization to 2-3 weeks, the embryonic stage from 4-8 weeks, and the fetal stage from 9 weeks until birth. During each stage, the fetus develops organ systems and physical features according to a general timeline, growing from a fertilized egg to a fully-formed baby by the end of the 38 week gestational period.
Embryology
This document provides an overview of human embryology from fertilization through the seventh week of development. Key events include fertilization, cleavage, formation of the blastocyst and implantation, development of the three germ layers and formation of the notochord and neural tube, somite formation, and the establishment of major organ systems. The major developmental milestones that occur each week of the first seven weeks are described.
prenatal diagnosis
Cordocentesis and fetoscopy are prenatal diagnostic tests. Cordocentesis involves inserting a needle into the umbilical cord under ultrasound guidance to retrieve a small sample of fetal blood, in order to test for fetal abnormalities. Fetoscopy uses an endoscope inserted through the abdomen and uterus to access the fetus and amniotic cavity. The triple test analyzes maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein, estriol, and hCG to assess risk of fetal abnormalities. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis involves biopsy of polar bodies, blastomeres, or trophectoderm cells to test embryos for genetic disorders before implantation. Karyotyping and gene mapping are techniques used to identify chromosomal abnormalities
Placenta
The placenta develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus while removing waste products. It attaches to the uterine wall and the umbilical cord arises from the placenta. The placenta develops from the chorionic villi on the fetal side and the decidua basalis on the maternal side. It grows rapidly and eventually replaces most of the decidua basalis. At term, the placenta is a circular disc that is the site of maternal-fetal transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste and various proteins and hormones essential to the development and survival of the fetus.
Placenta
The document discusses sampling and definitions of placental lesions. It provides information on the structure, development, and histology of the placenta, umbilical cord, membranes, and decidua. It notes that pathologic processes interfering with placental function can result in fetal abnormalities or stillbirth, and some long-term disabilities can be traced to prenatal injury. A systematic review found placental, cord, or membrane pathology contributed to 11-65% of stillbirths depending on the classification used.
Embryology
During the first 3 weeks of development, the zygote undergoes cleavage to become a morula, then a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants into the uterus between days 6-7. During the second week, the amniotic cavity and yolk sac form and the bilaminar disc develops. In the third week, gastrulation occurs forming the trilaminar disc. The notochord and neural tube begin developing, marking the start of the "period of threes" where the three germ layers and other structures form. This sets the stage for organogenesis in subsequent weeks.
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Embryonic development after fertilization
After fertilization, an embryo undergoes three main processes:
1) Cleavage - The zygote rapidly divides through holoblastic or meroblastic cleavage to form a hollow ball of cells called a blastula.
2) Gastrulation - The blastula cells rearrange to form the three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
3) Organogenesis - The germ layers develop into organs, with the ectoderm forming skin and nervous system, endoderm forming lung, digestive, and glandular tissues, and mesoderm forming muscle and blood tissues.
Ppt.fs cham.reyes
The document summarizes the 23 stages of human embryonic development from fertilization to 8 weeks.
[1] The embryonic period begins at fertilization and ends 8 weeks later, divided into 23 stages of development based on morphological features.
[2] The earliest stages involve fertilization and cell division, followed by implantation and formation of the blastocyst.
[3] Later stages include development of the embryo, organs and limbs, and closing of the neural tube; stages are characterized by specific structural features present in the embryo at each phase of development.
Human developmental Biology
Giving overview of human embryonic development including spermatogenesis, oogenesis, fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, extraembryonic layers and pregnancy
1 embryology
1. The document provides a general overview of human embryological processes including germ cell formation and fertilization, prenatal development through the formation of three layers, induction and differentiation, formation of the neural crest, and folding of the embryo.
2. Key stages discussed include gametogenesis, fertilization of the ovum by sperm to form a zygote, formation of the morula and blastocyst, implantation in the uterus, formation of the bilaminar and trilaminar germ discs, and development of the three germ layers and tissues from each layer.
3. Neural crest formation involves the development of the neural plate and tube from ectoderm and the migration of neural crest cells to
Embryology
The document summarizes key stages in human embryonic development from fertilization through the first few weeks. It describes the progression from a fertilized egg to a blastocyst, implantation, formation of the three germ layers and early development of organ systems. It also reviews embryonic tissue development and the process of ossification.
Embryonic Gastrulation by Maryam Borhani-Haghighi
Gastrulation is a phase in the embryonic development during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into a trilaminar ("three-layered") structure known as the gastrula.
Embryonic development
Embryonic development begins with cleavage, where the fertilized egg undergoes rapid cell divisions without growth to form blastomeres. Compaction occurs as the blastomeres flatten and maximize contacts to form a solid ball of cells. Microvilli and gap junctions form connections between cells. As the embryo reaches 32 cells it is called a morula. The morula undergoes cavitation to form a fluid-filled blastocoel, becoming a blastocyst with an inner cell mass, trophoectoderm layer, and blastocoel cavity. The blastocyst undergoes implantation and attachment to the uterine wall, forming the placenta.
Cleavage by Tauqeer Ahmad
The document summarizes the process of cleavage in early embryonic development. It describes how the zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions called cleavage to form a solid ball of cells called a morula. The morula then develops a fluid filled cavity called a blastocoel, forming the blastocyst stage. Within the blastocyst, the cells arrange into two layers - an inner cell mass that will become the embryo, and an outer trophoblast layer that will provide nutrition and allow implantation in the uterus.
cleavage and gastrulation in amphibians
1. Amphibian embryos undergo radial cleavage where cell divisions are slower in the vegetal hemisphere containing yolk. Gastrulation begins with the invagination of cells at the blastopore forming the archenteron.
2. Fate mapping shows superficial cells form ectoderm and endoderm, while deeper cells form mesoderm. During gastrulation, bottle cells migrate inward expanding the archenteron.
3. Spemann and Mangold's experiments showed the dorsal lip tissue of the blastopore, known as the organizer, can induce a secondary embryonic axis when transplanted, demonstrating its inductive properties.
Final chick embryonic-development-ppt
The document summarizes chicken embryonic development from fertilization through organogenesis. It discusses key stages including cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation forming the three germ layers, primitive streak formation, somite formation, neural tube formation, and organogenesis. Diagrams of chicken embryos at various developmental stages from 18 hours to 96 hours are included to illustrate structures as they develop.
Development of chick powerpoint
The egg of a chick is oval in shape, approximately 3cm wide and 5cm long. It has a porous shell made of calcium carbonate that allows for gas exchange. Inside are two types of membranes, the shell membrane and vitelline membrane, that separate to enclose an air space at the broad end. The egg undergoes fertilization internally in the upper part of the oviduct, where two polar bodies degenerate. Over 12-16 hours, the fertilized egg undergoes cleavage and then blastulation, forming three germ layers and extraembryonic structures through gastrulation and organogenesis.
Cleavage
This document discusses various types of planar and linear structures in deformed rocks, including cleavage, foliation, folds, and lineations. It defines cleavage as a tendency to split along planes other than bedding, often linked to folding and metamorphism. Foliation refers to the spatial and geometric relationships that make up metamorphic rocks, including the orientation of minerals. Different types of cleavage like slaty, crenulation, and spaced cleavage are described. The relationship between cleavage, bedding, and folds is also explained.
Cleavage
Fertilization is a complex chain of events that must occur successfully for conception. It begins with changes to the sperm to prepare for fusion with an egg. A single sperm must fuse with the egg to prevent polyspermy, which leads to embryonic death. Following fusion, the genetic material from the sperm and egg combine and the zygote undergoes rapid cell division through cleavage to form a blastula or blastocyst. This initiates differentiation of cells and early embryonic development.
Spermatogenesis
This document contains information on various topics related to early embryonic development, including:
- Fate mapping, which determines the developmental fate of groups of cells.
- Cleavage, the rapid cell divisions that occur after fertilization. Cleavage results in blastomeres and can be holoblastic, meroblastic, or spiral.
- Gastrulation, the process of forming the three germ layers through cell movements and rearrangements. Types of cell movements during gastrulation are discussed for various animals.
- Axis formation and patterning the early embryo. Mechanisms like dorsalization and secondary axis formation are covered.
- Early stages of development for specific animals like frogs, sea urch
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Single-celled organisms like Paramecium, Euglena, and Amoebas use different structures to move themselves around since they consist of only one cell. Paramecium have short cilia surrounding their cells to move, while Euglena have long flagella tails attached to their membranes. Amoebas form temporary pseudopodia projections from their bodies to "walk" and propel themselves forward.
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1. The document summarizes key stages in human development from fertilization through embryonic and fetal development. It describes fertilization, cleavage, implantation, and the formation of the three germ layers and extraembryonic membranes.
2. Implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium occurs around 7 days after fertilization. The trophoblast erodes into the endometrium and connections are made between embryonic and maternal blood vessels in the placenta.
3. The embryonic phase lasts until 8 weeks when major organ systems have begun to form and it is then called a fetus. By the end of the third month the placenta is functioning to exchange gases, nutrients, and waste
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Mammals evolved from reptiles called Therapids during the Mesozoic era. They increased rapidly during the Cenozoic era. Mammals are characterized by having hair, mammary glands to feed young, and being warm-blooded. They are classified into monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. Placental mammals carry young to term in the uterus. There are 19 orders of mammals including rodents, bats, whales, carnivores, even-toed and odd-toed ungulates, primates, and more. Each order has distinct characteristics related to their evolution, habitats, diets and behaviors.
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