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This document summarizes research on a membrane distillation system powered by solar energy for seawater desalination. The system was tested under fluctuating solar conditions to analyze its performance. Results showed that while the distillate yield decreased with reductions in solar input as expected, due to thermal mass the response was delayed. Additionally, distillate quality remained within safe drinking guidelines even during fluctuations, demonstrating the viability of a solar-powered membrane distillation system for producing clean water from seawater.
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iGEM 2014: UC Santa Cruz BioE Project
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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Photovoltaic solar cell generates electricity by receiving solar irradiance. The electrical efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cell is adversely affected by the significant increase of cell operating temperature during absorption of solar radiation. This undesirable effect can be partially avoided by cooling the back side of the photovoltaic panel using water absorption sponge which was fixed on of PV panel and maintain wet condition by circulation of drop by drop water. The objective of the present work is to reduce the temperature of the solar cell in order to increase its electrical efficiency. Experiments were performed with and without water cooling. A linear trend between the efficiency and temperature was found. Without cooling, the temperature of the panel was high and solar cells were achieved an efficiency of 8–9%. However, when the panel was operated under water cooling condition, the temperature dropped maximally by 40C leading to an increase in efficiency of solar cells by 12%.
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This document evaluates the thermal performance of an evacuated solar water heater with and without twisted tapes inserted inside the glass tubes. Key findings include:
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A novel micro heat pipe array was used in solar panel cooling system, both under air-cooled and water cooled mediums, under natural convection. As compared with a ordinary solar panel (without heat pipe arrangement). The result had considerable variation in the efficiency of the energy output, it improved with the help of heat pipe installation. Therefore using a heat pipe gradually improved the efficiency by reducing the heat by cooling the system.
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The document discusses solar energy collection and applications. It describes the sun as a renewable energy source and how solar energy is collected using different types of solar collectors like flat plate collectors and concentrating collectors. These collectors operate at different temperature ranges. The document also outlines various applications of solar energy for thermal and electricity purposes, including water heating, drying, cooking, power generation, and water pumping.
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The document summarizes and compares a domestic refrigerator and a compressorless refrigerator. It discusses how domestic refrigerators use refrigerants like CFCs that harm the ozone layer and contribute to global warming. However, a compressorless refrigerator uses thermoelectric modules instead of a compressor and refrigerants. It has fewer parts, is more reliable, and does not produce harmful gases. By using renewable energy sources like solar panels, a compressorless refrigerator can provide cooling without negatively impacting the environment.
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This document numerically analyzes the fluid flow in a twisted tape absorber tube of a parabolic trough solar collector to improve efficiency. It studies the effect of heat transfer in absorber tubes with different velocity profiles. The analysis finds that a twisted tape insert increases the outlet temperature compared to a plain tube. At low velocity of 0.1 m/s, the outlet temperature is 322K for the twisted tape tube, while it is lower at 309K for the higher velocity of 1.2 m/s. The absorber tube with twisted tape insert provides better performance at lower minimum velocities.
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3. Dynamic simulations using Matlab/Simulink accurately modeled the multi-stage process and predicted annual performance at other locations. Optimization continues to further reduce energy requirements.
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Solar Photovoltaic and Thermal hybrid system helps in optimizing the efficiency of solar pv panel by extracting the heat from the surface of PV module. So, we get electrical and thermal efficiency as product. Normally, water or air is used as working fluid. The seminar topic i.e. this presentation have literature reviews on four main research papers and respective major findings from them. I would recommend the viewers to download the presentation because there is resolution problem while viewing on this website.
The detailed report of this presentation can be seen at :- https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1435.3443
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Wax Type Solar Distillation System
The alternative energy sources are new option in front of world to overcome energy crisis and pollution related issues. The solar energy, wind energy and bio mass are three major sources and out of these three energy sources solar energy is the easiest source to extract useful energy because the wind energy can be useful particularly in coastal area where there is high wind velocity and energy extraction bio mass needs either chemical conversion or thermo chemical conversion process. The objective of present work is to developed solar distillation system consists of wax as phase change material to improve the thermal performance.
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The workshop provided information on home heating technologies including solar thermal and geothermal systems. For solar thermal, it discussed the differences between flat plate and evacuated tube collectors and provided case studies showing returns on investment of 16.7-23.7% for domestic hot water and pool heating systems. For geothermal, it outlined the types of systems and discussed installation considerations and costs, noting that while upfront costs are higher, operating costs are reduced by 66% compared to gas systems. A case study compared typical system costs to a geothermal heat pump system.
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Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power.
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Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
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- 1. Effects of Solar Energy Intermittency on a PV/Thermal Powered Membrane Distillation System Amanda J Hughes, Tapas K. Mallick and Tadhg S O’Donovan 4th ICAER 10-12th December 2013 IIT Bomday, Mumbai, India
- 2. Motivations and Aims 0.9 billion people without clean drinking water 0.8 billion without water and electricity 1.5 billion people without access to electricity - Provide a reliable and competitive means of water desalination that can be implemented in developing countries. - Development of a membrane distillation system with concentrating photovoltaic/thermal energy source for seawater desalination .
- 3. “Water, water, everywhere, Not any drop to drink.” –S. T. Coleridge
- 4. Solar based solutions are particularly suitable for desalination purposes, given the availability of such source in most of the water stressed areas (i.e. the more the water scarcity, the more the solar radiation)
- 5. Desalination Processes Thermal Membrane Electro Dialysis Reverse Osmosis Membrane distillation Solar stills MED MVC MSF
- 6. Membrane Distillation What it is? Thermally driven membrane separation process Hydrophobic membranes allow pure water vapor to pass through, whilst salt is retained
- 7. Membrane Distillation Advantages 100% theoretical salt retention Low operating temperature, 30-800c, when compared with conventional distillation Reduced vapour space compared to conventional thermal processes, thus reduced plant volume. Low operating pressure when compared with conventional pressure driven membrane processes The membranes used in MD are tested against fouling and scaling. Chemical feed water pre-treatment is not necessary. System efficiency and high product water quality are almost independent from the salinity of the feed water.
- 8. Membrane Distillation • Problems • Membrane wetting • High thermal energy consumption • Low permeate flux capacity when compared with established membrane technologies. (MD capacity 1-10 m3/d compared with 100-1000 m3 for Wind-RO) This is still an emerging technology….
- 9. Developing a membrane module
- 10. Developing a membrane module Condensing plate Stainless steel end plate Distillate stream Membrane Cold Channel SEM Image of membrane Spacers Stainless steel end plate Hot Channel
- 11. Energy system Parabolic dish with a PV/thermal receiver Aperture area of 1m2 and a receiver area 0.002m2, giving a concentration ratio approximately 500×. The photovoltaic cells have an efficiency of 36% 2 axis tracking required Evacuated tube collectors • The evacuated tube collectors have an area of 5.7m2 and an efficiency of 65%
- 12. PV/T receiver – Temperature effect PV absorbs a section of the solar spectrum, the rest is converted to heat PV cells have a nominal operating temperature, usually around 250C Any increase in temperature above this cause a decrease in efficiency of the PV. 0.4% per degree for silicon Heat collected from the PV cells will provide the driving force for membrane distillation
- 13. System overview
- 14. How does the membrane cope with a fluctuating power supply? • Solar intensity is known to fluctuate throughout the day, subsequently so will the inlet seawater temperature of the MD unit. • Transient operation will affect the quantity and quality of the distillate produced.
- 15. Temperatures from energy system Output temperatures from the energy system, calculated via a mathematical model
- 16. Geometry & Boundary Conditions of 3D Densely Packed Receiver Results from the distillate yield No Region Boundary condition 1 On top of cells Inflow heat flux as found from numerical model 2 Ambient Ambient temperature of 20-45oC The distillate surface 3 Cell’s flow 4 Sides of rate showed a cell time 5 Heat Sink delayed response to the solar PV receiver components 1: Frame fluctuations, due to 2: Cover glass 3: Al O ceramic the thermal mass of 4: Solar cells 1 5: Copper MD unit the plate 2 3 Surface to ambient radiation and natural convection Heat is conducted through the layers Surface to ambient radiation and convection 2 3 1 2 6: Aluminium heat sink 4 4 5 3 5 6
- 17. Conductivity of the distillate yield The distillate quality varied, but always remained well within the guidelines set by the World Health Organisation. The result show that there is nothing to rule out transient operation of the MD module
- 18. Discussion & Conclusions A Membrane distillation module was developed at Heriot Watt The system was tested under fluctuating operating conditions, as would be the case were it powered by a solar energy system. The quantity of drinking water produced was greatly reduced when the power supply reduced, as is to be expected. A delay was seen in this effect due to thermal mass of the system. The quality of the drinking water produced, its conductivity, remained within the safe drinking guidelines set by World Health Organisation, even during fluctuating operation… something not seen in a renewable energy powered membrane system to date!
- 19. Thank you for your attention ! Any Questions?