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LEARNING INTENTIONS
• Describe the military tactics of the
Viet Cong
• Explain the factors which forced
American withdrawal from Vietnam
In the 1960s and 1970s, the USA was one of the
world’s great superpowers. Why then could they not
defeat the Viet Cong and win in Vietnam?
The Viet Cong (properly
called the National
Liberation Front) was an
army from South Vietnam.
It fought the US and
South Vietnam government
during the Vietnam War.
The Viet Cong engaged in
guerrilla war.
This means that they
generally did not take
part in major battles,
rather attacked in small
groups then disappeared
back into the jungle.
Operation Ranch Hand
aimed to destroy jungle
to prevent the Viet Cong
from hiding.
This involved using
Agent Orange to destroy
plantation – but it also
caused major health
problems.
As the Viet Cong were
from Vietnam, they knew
the country better than
the Americans.
This allowed them to
hide in places they
could not be found. They
also looked just like
ordinary Vietnamese.
The Vietcong used a
variety of weapons to
attack US troops.
Mines were placed around
villages, causing
injuries to many
soldiers. Heavy machine
guns were used to target
US helicopters.
Many soldiers trained in
Texas in desert
conditions. The USA
struggled because their
soldiers were not trained
for jungle warfare.
Also the soldiers’
average age was 22, (not
19) meaning many were
inexperienced.
The Viet Cong also had a
tunnel network that
allowed them to hide
from attack.
There were so many
tunnels, it was
impossible for the
American soldiers to
find them all.
Many Viet Cong were only
amateur fighters. However
they had support from a
professional army.
The Viet Cong received
backing from the North
Vietnamese Army. North
Vietnam was helped by
China and the USSR.
The Tet Offensive
(February 1968) was one
of the most famous events
of the Vietnam War.
The Viet Cong launched a
surprise attack in 35
towns across South
Vietnam on Tet (the
Vietnamese New Year).
80,000 Viet Cong
fighters (supported by
North Vietnam soldiers)
attacked various sites,
including the US Embassy
in Saigon.
Almost half the Viet
Cong were killed, but it
is still seen as a
victory for them.
The Viet Cong’s ability
to attack even the US
Embassy shocked
Americans.
More and more people
realised America could
not win, and so wanted
the USA to withdraw from
Vietnam.
Anti-war views in
America also made it
hard for the US to win.
As more and more
Americans opposed the
war, the US government
found it hard to keep
going (in terms of money
and military deaths)
The US also struggled
because it didn’t have
other countries’ support.
America wanted soldiers
from other countries to
join the fight, but only
a small number did (South
Korea, Australia, New
Zealand, Philippines,
Thailand).

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Vietnam War - why not beat viet cong

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. LEARNING INTENTIONS • Describe the military tactics of the Viet Cong • Explain the factors which forced American withdrawal from Vietnam
  • 4. In the 1960s and 1970s, the USA was one of the world’s great superpowers. Why then could they not defeat the Viet Cong and win in Vietnam?
  • 5. The Viet Cong (properly called the National Liberation Front) was an army from South Vietnam. It fought the US and South Vietnam government during the Vietnam War.
  • 6. The Viet Cong engaged in guerrilla war. This means that they generally did not take part in major battles, rather attacked in small groups then disappeared back into the jungle.
  • 7. Operation Ranch Hand aimed to destroy jungle to prevent the Viet Cong from hiding. This involved using Agent Orange to destroy plantation – but it also caused major health problems.
  • 8. As the Viet Cong were from Vietnam, they knew the country better than the Americans. This allowed them to hide in places they could not be found. They also looked just like ordinary Vietnamese.
  • 9. The Vietcong used a variety of weapons to attack US troops. Mines were placed around villages, causing injuries to many soldiers. Heavy machine guns were used to target US helicopters.
  • 10. Many soldiers trained in Texas in desert conditions. The USA struggled because their soldiers were not trained for jungle warfare. Also the soldiers’ average age was 22, (not 19) meaning many were inexperienced.
  • 11. The Viet Cong also had a tunnel network that allowed them to hide from attack. There were so many tunnels, it was impossible for the American soldiers to find them all.
  • 12. Many Viet Cong were only amateur fighters. However they had support from a professional army. The Viet Cong received backing from the North Vietnamese Army. North Vietnam was helped by China and the USSR.
  • 13. The Tet Offensive (February 1968) was one of the most famous events of the Vietnam War. The Viet Cong launched a surprise attack in 35 towns across South Vietnam on Tet (the Vietnamese New Year).
  • 14. 80,000 Viet Cong fighters (supported by North Vietnam soldiers) attacked various sites, including the US Embassy in Saigon. Almost half the Viet Cong were killed, but it is still seen as a victory for them.
  • 15. The Viet Cong’s ability to attack even the US Embassy shocked Americans. More and more people realised America could not win, and so wanted the USA to withdraw from Vietnam.
  • 16. Anti-war views in America also made it hard for the US to win. As more and more Americans opposed the war, the US government found it hard to keep going (in terms of money and military deaths)
  • 17. The US also struggled because it didn’t have other countries’ support. America wanted soldiers from other countries to join the fight, but only a small number did (South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand).