Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are among the most demandable information in meteorology, hydrology and engineering water resources design, planning, operation, and management works. The IDF Curves accessible are for the most part done by fitting arrangement of yearly greatest precipitation force to parametric dispersions. Intensity-durationfrequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. Environmental change is relied upon to intensify the boundaries in the atmosphere factors. Being prone to harsh climate impacts, it is very crucial to study extreme rainfall-induced flooding for short durations over regions that are rapidly growing. One way to approach the extremes is by the application of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The annual maximum rainfall intensity (AMRI) characteristics are often used to construct these IDF curves that are being used in several infrastructure designs for urban areas. Thus, there is a necessity to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall information. Many urban areas of developing countries lack long records of short-duration rainfall. The shortest duration obtained is normally at a daily scale/24 h. This paper suggests their generation based on annual daily maximum rainfall (ADMR) records. Rainfall data of 23 (Twenty three) hydrological years of all stations were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by LogNormal Distribution method.
Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. The IDF curves available are mostly done by fitting series of annual maximum rainfall intensity to parametric distributions. Climate change is expected to exacerbate the extremes in the climate variables. Being prone to harsh climate impacts, it is very crucial to study extreme rainfall-induced flooding for short durations over regions that are rapidly growing. One way to study the extremes is by the application of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The annual maximum rainfall intensity (AMRI) characteristics are often used to construct these IDF curves that are being used in several infrastructure designs for urban areas. Thus, there is a need to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall information. Many urban areas of developing countries lack long records of short-duration rainfall. The shortest duration obtained is normally at a daily scale/24 h. Thus, it is very crucial to find a methodology to construct IDF curves for short-duration rainfall (sub-daily) for these urban areas. The fast extension of urban area that does not have adequate preparedness to cope with climate change is certainly a big risk to life and economy. The study region is Upper Cauvery which lies in Karnataka India. The sub-daily IDF curves for current and future climate for Upper Cauvery were constructed from 1 to 24 h based on the Gumbel’s Distribution approach. Rainfall data of 23 (Twenty three) hydrological years of all stations were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by Gumbel’s Distribution method. Finally Equations were developed for different return periods.
Engineering infrastructures such as storm water drains and bridges are commonly designed using the concept of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, which assume that the occurrence of precipitation patterns and distributions are spatially similar within the drainage area and remain unchanged throughout the lifespan of the infrastructures (stationary). Based on the premise that climate change will alter the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation patterns, inaccuracy in the estimation of IDF curves may occur. As such, prior to developing IDF curves, it is crucial to analyse trends of annual precipitation maxima. The objective of this study was to estimate the precipitation intensities and their uncertainties (lower and upper limits) for durations of 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 60min,120min, 720min and 1440min and return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 years in the Upper Cauvery Karnataka India using Pearson type III Values . The annual precipitation maxima were extracted from long-term (1995–2017) precipitation data for Forty Three meteorological stations sourced from the Water resources Development Organization Karnataka. On average, the estimated extreme precipitation intensities for the Study area ranged from 5.1 mm/h for 24 h storm duration to 226.01 mm/h for 5min at 100 years return period. At 50 year return period, the intensity ranged from 5.2 mm/h for 24h duration to 225 mm/h for the duration of 5min.
Derivation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves Using Short Duration Rainfa...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
The estimation of rainfall intensity is commonly required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship is a mathematical relationship between the rainfall intensity, the duration and the return period. The present study aimed the derivation of IDF curves of Yermarus Raingauge Station of Raichur District with 19 years of rainfall data (1998 to 2016). The Normal Distribution, Log Normal Distribution, Gumbel distribution, Pearson Type III Distribution and Log Pearsons Type III Distribution techniques are used to Find the rainfall intensity values of 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 720, 1440 minutes of rainfall duration with different return period. Chi Square test was conducted to find the goodness of fit the short duration IDF using daily rainfall data are presented, which is input for water resources projects.
Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves and RegionalisationAM Publications
Storm sewers make up a large percentage of drainage system in an urban setup. The design of these
components are based on rainfall intensities of a specific design period for that location. These can be derived from
intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship. These IDF relationships are derived from historical rainfall, using
an extreme value distribution for maximum rainfall intensity. In the present study the IDF curves and parameter
regionalisation were studied for various kinds of basins. These equation parameters can be then used to understand
the spatial variation of rainfall intensity in the study area. The parameter contour maps subsequently generated using
various interpolation method are then used for plotting IDF curves for any ungauged station in the basin.
In this study the calculation procedure and comparative results of IDF curves for the area of Mandya are presented. Rainfall data of 19 (Ninteen) hydrological years of stations Srirangapatna, Kikkere and Bindganarole were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by Four methods (Normal, Gumbel, Pearson type III and logarithmic Pearson type III) and subsequently the IDF curves with Four methods (two forms of excessive functions and a polynomial function) were exported. Finally, comparative testing with the IDF which were prepared by Chisquare test and it was found that the log-normal distribution suits the best fit for all the stations considered.
Changes in the hydrologic cycle due to increase in greenhouse gases cause variations in intensity, duration, and frequency of precipitation events. Quantifying the potential effects of climate change and adapting to them is one way to reduce urban vulnerability. Since rainfall characteristics are often used to design water structures, reviewing and updating rainfall characteristics (i.e., Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves) for future climate scenarios is necessary. The present study regards the evaluation of the IDF curves for Four raingauge stations of Bangalore rural : Anugondanahalli, Devanahally, Doddabalapura and Hoskote. Starting from daily rainfall observed data, to define the IDF curves and the extreme values in a smaller time window (2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 720, 1440 minutes), disaggregation techniques of the collected data have been used, in order to generate a synthetic sequence of rainfall, with statistical properties similar to the recorded data. Then, the rainfall pattern of the Four raingauge stations was analyzed and IDF curves were evaluated
Modelling of Short Duration Isopluvial Map For Raichur District Karnataka Moh...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
Everyoneacknowledges that it rains, runoff is generated for a design point of view we should know how much and how often it rains on our project location.Estimation of rainfall intensity is commonly required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. The present study aimed the Estimation of rainfall intensityin Raichur District using twenty five Rain gauge Station with 19 years of rainfall data (1998 to 2016). Log Normal Distribution, techniques are used to derived the rainfall intensity values of 2,5,10,15,30,60,120,720,1440 minutes of rainfall duration with different return period. The short duration IDF using daily rainfall data are presented, which is input for water resources projects. Isopluvial maps were developed for 25years, 50years, 75years and 100years return period
Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. The IDF curves available are mostly done by fitting series of annual maximum rainfall intensity to parametric distributions. Climate change is expected to exacerbate the extremes in the climate variables. Being prone to harsh climate impacts, it is very crucial to study extreme rainfall-induced flooding for short durations over regions that are rapidly growing. One way to study the extremes is by the application of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The annual maximum rainfall intensity (AMRI) characteristics are often used to construct these IDF curves that are being used in several infrastructure designs for urban areas. Thus, there is a need to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall information. Many urban areas of developing countries lack long records of short-duration rainfall. The shortest duration obtained is normally at a daily scale/24 h. Thus, it is very crucial to find a methodology to construct IDF curves for short-duration rainfall (sub-daily) for these urban areas. The fast extension of urban area that does not have adequate preparedness to cope with climate change is certainly a big risk to life and economy. The study region is Upper Cauvery which lies in Karnataka India. The sub-daily IDF curves for current and future climate for Upper Cauvery were constructed from 1 to 24 h based on the Gumbel’s Distribution approach. Rainfall data of 23 (Twenty three) hydrological years of all stations were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by Gumbel’s Distribution method. Finally Equations were developed for different return periods.
Engineering infrastructures such as storm water drains and bridges are commonly designed using the concept of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, which assume that the occurrence of precipitation patterns and distributions are spatially similar within the drainage area and remain unchanged throughout the lifespan of the infrastructures (stationary). Based on the premise that climate change will alter the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation patterns, inaccuracy in the estimation of IDF curves may occur. As such, prior to developing IDF curves, it is crucial to analyse trends of annual precipitation maxima. The objective of this study was to estimate the precipitation intensities and their uncertainties (lower and upper limits) for durations of 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 60min,120min, 720min and 1440min and return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 years in the Upper Cauvery Karnataka India using Pearson type III Values . The annual precipitation maxima were extracted from long-term (1995–2017) precipitation data for Forty Three meteorological stations sourced from the Water resources Development Organization Karnataka. On average, the estimated extreme precipitation intensities for the Study area ranged from 5.1 mm/h for 24 h storm duration to 226.01 mm/h for 5min at 100 years return period. At 50 year return period, the intensity ranged from 5.2 mm/h for 24h duration to 225 mm/h for the duration of 5min.
Derivation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves Using Short Duration Rainfa...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
The estimation of rainfall intensity is commonly required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship is a mathematical relationship between the rainfall intensity, the duration and the return period. The present study aimed the derivation of IDF curves of Yermarus Raingauge Station of Raichur District with 19 years of rainfall data (1998 to 2016). The Normal Distribution, Log Normal Distribution, Gumbel distribution, Pearson Type III Distribution and Log Pearsons Type III Distribution techniques are used to Find the rainfall intensity values of 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 720, 1440 minutes of rainfall duration with different return period. Chi Square test was conducted to find the goodness of fit the short duration IDF using daily rainfall data are presented, which is input for water resources projects.
Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves and RegionalisationAM Publications
Storm sewers make up a large percentage of drainage system in an urban setup. The design of these
components are based on rainfall intensities of a specific design period for that location. These can be derived from
intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship. These IDF relationships are derived from historical rainfall, using
an extreme value distribution for maximum rainfall intensity. In the present study the IDF curves and parameter
regionalisation were studied for various kinds of basins. These equation parameters can be then used to understand
the spatial variation of rainfall intensity in the study area. The parameter contour maps subsequently generated using
various interpolation method are then used for plotting IDF curves for any ungauged station in the basin.
In this study the calculation procedure and comparative results of IDF curves for the area of Mandya are presented. Rainfall data of 19 (Ninteen) hydrological years of stations Srirangapatna, Kikkere and Bindganarole were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by Four methods (Normal, Gumbel, Pearson type III and logarithmic Pearson type III) and subsequently the IDF curves with Four methods (two forms of excessive functions and a polynomial function) were exported. Finally, comparative testing with the IDF which were prepared by Chisquare test and it was found that the log-normal distribution suits the best fit for all the stations considered.
Changes in the hydrologic cycle due to increase in greenhouse gases cause variations in intensity, duration, and frequency of precipitation events. Quantifying the potential effects of climate change and adapting to them is one way to reduce urban vulnerability. Since rainfall characteristics are often used to design water structures, reviewing and updating rainfall characteristics (i.e., Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves) for future climate scenarios is necessary. The present study regards the evaluation of the IDF curves for Four raingauge stations of Bangalore rural : Anugondanahalli, Devanahally, Doddabalapura and Hoskote. Starting from daily rainfall observed data, to define the IDF curves and the extreme values in a smaller time window (2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 720, 1440 minutes), disaggregation techniques of the collected data have been used, in order to generate a synthetic sequence of rainfall, with statistical properties similar to the recorded data. Then, the rainfall pattern of the Four raingauge stations was analyzed and IDF curves were evaluated
Modelling of Short Duration Isopluvial Map For Raichur District Karnataka Moh...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
Everyoneacknowledges that it rains, runoff is generated for a design point of view we should know how much and how often it rains on our project location.Estimation of rainfall intensity is commonly required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. The present study aimed the Estimation of rainfall intensityin Raichur District using twenty five Rain gauge Station with 19 years of rainfall data (1998 to 2016). Log Normal Distribution, techniques are used to derived the rainfall intensity values of 2,5,10,15,30,60,120,720,1440 minutes of rainfall duration with different return period. The short duration IDF using daily rainfall data are presented, which is input for water resources projects. Isopluvial maps were developed for 25years, 50years, 75years and 100years return period
Influence of land use land cover in simulating the thunderstorm event using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
On March 11, 2016, ICLR held a Friday Forum workshop entitled 'Mapping extreme rainfall statistics for Canada', led by Dr. Slobodan Simonovic of Western University.
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, affecting rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve information used in the design, maintenance and operation of water infrastructure in Canada. Presented in this lecture are analyses of precipitation data from 567 Environment Canada hydro-meteorological stations using the IDF_CC tool. Results for the year 2100 based on Canadian climate model and an ensemble of 22 GCMs have been generated. A spatial interpolation method was used to produce Canadian precipitation maps for events of various return periods. Results based on the Canadian climate model indicate a reduction in extreme precipitation in central regions of Canada and increases in other regions. Relative to the ensemble approach, the Canadian climate model results (a) suggest more spatial variability in change of IDFs, and (b) the ensemble approach generated generally lower values than the Canadian climate model.
Dr. Simonovic has extensive research, teaching and consulting experience in water resources systems engineering. He teaches courses in water resources and civil engineering systems. He actively works for national and international professional organizations. Dr. Simonovic’s primary research interest focuses on the application of systems approach to management of complex water and environmental systems. Most of his work is related to the integration of risk, reliability, and uncertainty in hydrology and water resources management. He has received a number of awards for excellence in teaching, research and outreach. He has published over 450 professional publications and three major textbooks. He was inducted to the Canadian Academy of Engineering in June of 2013.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The IDF Curves accessible are for the most part done by fitting arrangement of yearly greatest precipitation force to parametric dispersions. Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. Environmental change is relied upon to intensify the boundaries in the atmosphere factors. Being prone to harsh climate impacts, it is very crucial to study extreme rainfall-induced flooding for short durations over regions that are rapidly growing. One way to approach the extremes is by the application of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The annual maximum rainfall intensity (AMRI) characteristics are often used to construct these IDF curves that are being used in several infrastructure designs for urban areas. Thus, there is a necessity to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall information. Many urban areas of developing countries lack long records of short-duration rainfall. The shortest duration obtained is normally at a daily scale/24 h. Thus, it is very crucial to find a methodology to construct IDF curves for short-duration rainfall (sub-daily) for these urban areas. The fast extension of urban area that does not have adequate preparedness to cope with climate change is certainly a big risk to life and economy. The study region lies in Karnataka India. The sub-daily IDF curves for current and future climate for the region were constructed from 1 to 24 h based on the Normal Distribution approach. Rainfall data of 23 (Twenty three) hydrological years of all stations were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by Normal Distribution method. Finally Equations were developed for different return periods.
Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. The Study Area lies between 750 29’ 19” E and 760 37’ 40” E longitude and 110 55’ 54” N and 130 23’ 12.8” N latitude. The study area covers an area of 10874.65 km2, having maximum length of 143.73 km. Drainage density is 1.43 km/km2 hence area is of coarse texture. The length of overlandflow is less than 0.4 indicating more runoff less infiltration. The study of hypsometric properties of watershed using hypsometric integral (HI) and hypsometric curve retrieved in that, HI value is 0.57 and hence watershed falls under the Mature Stage. Circularity ratio is 0.26 which shows that the drainage area is less circular.
Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most famous and generally utilized technique for analysing and deriving flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area. For ungauged catchments, unit hydrograph are derived using either regional unit hydrograph approach. Central Water Commission (CWC) derived the regional unit hydrograph relationships for different sub-zones of India relating to the various unit hydrograph parameters with some prominent physiographic characteristics. In this study, the lately developed UH model is applied located between Latitude 15º54′2′′ N to 16º16′19′′ N Latitude and 76º48′40′′ E to77º4′21′′ E Longitude. The study area covers an area of 466.02 km2, having maximum length of 36.5 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 569 m and 341 m above MSL, respectively. The Peak discharge of unit hydrograph obtained is 171.58m3/s. The final cumulative discharge is 1669.05 m3/s.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Runoff is one of the most significant hydrological variables used in most of the water resources applications. Physiographically the area is characterized by undulating topography with plains and valleys. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Numbers also known as hydrologic soil group method were used in this study. This method is adaptable and suitable approach for quick runoff estimation and is approximately easy to use with minimum data and it gives good result. From the study yearly rainfall and runoff were estimated easily. The study area covers an area of 466.02 km2, having maximum length of 36.5 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 569 m and 341 m above MSL, respectively.
Prioritization of watershed has Grabbed up significance in watershed management. Morphometic investigation is been usually applied to organize the watershed. In the present study upper cauvery of Karnataka with an area of 10874.65 km2 and highest order stream of 8 was considered. The area was divided into Eight Watersheds. Various morphometric parameters namely Bifurcation ratio(Rb), Drainage density (Dd), Stream frequency(Ns), Texture ratio(T), Form factor(Rf), Circularity ratio(Rc), Elongation Ratio(Re), length of overland flow, shape factor(Bs), compactness ratio (Cc) has been determined for each watershed and allotted position on premise of relationship as to arrive at a Compound value for final ranking of watershed. The morphometric parameters ranges between Rb (3.416-5.0442), Dd (1.377-1.463), Ns (1.397-1.579), T (5.2358.540), Rf (0.233-1.082), Rc (0.179-0.447), Re (0.545-1.173), Cc (1.496-2.365), Lof (0.341-0.363), and Bs (0.924-4.284). It is found that the 38.83 % of area falls under high priority category where as 42.12% of area falls under this Medium category and 19.05% of the area falls under low catergory.
In developing accurate hydro geomorphological analysis, monitoring, ability to generate information in spatial and temporal domain and delineation of land features are crucial for successful analysis and prediction of groundwater resources. However, the use of RS and GIS in handling large amount of spatial data provides to gain accurate information for delineating the geological and geomorphological characteristics and allied significance, which are considered as a controlling factor for the occurrence and movement of groundwater used IRS LISS II data on 1: 50000 scale along with topographic maps in various parts of India to develop integrated groundwater potential zone
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER TABLE FLUCTUATION IN PRECAMBRIAN...IAEME Publication
The study area falls within the semiarid region and frequently facing water scarcity problems. Rain is a form of precipitation, snow, sleet, hail and dew. The precipitation occurs when separate drops of waterfalls on the earth’s surface from clouds. Not all rain reaches the surface, however; some evaporates while falling through dry air, a type of precipitation called Virga. The precipitated water percolates to deeper zones to be stored as groundwater. The present study generates the primary data to map the groundwater table fluctuation in hard rock terrain of Chitradurga District
through Geomatics technique. Efforts have been made to evaluate a total of 20 representative rain gauge station samples and analyzed the season rainfall variation over a period of 31 years (1981- 2011). 47 representative well samples are collected to study the season-wise groundwater fluctuation of about 11 years (2000-2011). Rain gauge stations are plotted on a base map with their respective amount of rainfall.
Forecasting Model of Flood Inundated Areas along Sharda River in U.P.iosrjce
Paper has illuminated the satellite data of previous flood and hydrological data to estimate the
inundated areas near Sharda River. Modeling of flood inundated areas predicted 10 cm rises in water level in
affected areas by flood. IRS-P6/AWiFS and RADARSAT data were used. The RADARSAT satellite data have
shown the flood water, water in low lying areas and real time flood data. The geo referenced IRS-P6/AWiFS,
IRS-P6/LISS-III and PAN satellite data were useful for preparation of various thematic maps. Results revealed
that most heavily flood affected villages at three gauge stations on Sharda River during year 2009 were: 13
villages of Puranpur Block of Pilibhit District downstream to Banbasa gauge station at 220.35m water level; 22
villages of Nighasan Block of Lakhimpur-khiri District downstream to Paliyakala gauge station at 154.62m
water level and 26 villages of Behta Block of Sitapur District downstream to Sharda Nagar gauge station at
136.10m water level.
Generation of intensity_duration_frequency_curves_for manvi taluk raichur dis...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
The estimation of rainfall intensity is commonly required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship is a mathematical relationship between the rainfall intensity, the duration and the return period. The present study aimed the derivation of IDF curves of Manvi Taluk of Raichur District using four Rain gauge Station with rain gauge stations with 19 years of rainfall data (1998 to 2016). The Normal Distribution, Log Normal Distribution, Gumbel distribution techniques are used to derived the rainfall intensity values of 2,5,10,15,30,60,120,720,1440 minutes of rainfall duration with different return period. The short duration IDF using daily rainfall data are presented, which is input for water resources projects.
Flood Detection Using Empirical Bayesian NetworksIOSRJECE
Flood mapping from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Flood is not only one of the widest spread natural disasters, which regularly causes large numbers of casualties with rising economic loss, extensive homelessness and disaster induced disease, but is also the most frequent disaster type. A valuable information source for such a procedure can be remote sensing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. However, flood scenarios are typical examples of complex situations in which different factors have to be considered to provide accurate and robust interpretation of the situation on the ground. For this reason, a data fusion approach of remote sensing data with ancillary information can be particularly useful. In this work, an Empirical Bayesian network is proposed to integrate remotely sensed data, such as multitemporal SAR intensity images and interferometric-SAR coherence data, with geomorphic and other ground information where as in the previous work the authors has used the Bayesian networks. The methodology is tested on a case study regarding a flood that occurred in the Visakhapatnam (India) on October 2014, monitored using a time series of TerraSAR-X data. It is shown that the synergetic use of different information layers can help to detect more precisely the areas affected by the flood, reducing false alarms and missed identifications which may affect algorithms based on data from a single source. The produced flood maps are compared to data obtained independently from the analysis of optical images; the comparison indicates that the proposed methodology is able to reliably follow the temporal evolution of the phenomenon, assigning high probability to areas most likely to be flooded, in spite of their heterogeneous temporal SAR/InSAR signatures, reaching accuracies of up to 89%.
Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most famous and generally utilized technique for analysing and deriving flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area. For ungauged catchments, unit hydrograph are derived using either regional unit hydrograph approach. Central Water Commission (CWC) derived the regional unit hydrograph relationships for different sub-zones of India relating to the various unit hydrograph parameters with some prominent physiographic characteristics. The Study Area is located between Latitude 15º57′58′′ N to 16º11′25.6′′ N and 77º18′1′′ E to77º32′5.3′′ E Longitude and covers area of 360.97 km2, having maximum length of 26.17 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 533 m and 323 m above MSL, respectively. The Peak discharge of unit hydrograph obtained is 311.469 m3/s. The final cumulative discharge is 1458.55 m3/s.
Application of mathematical modelling in rainfall forcast a csae study in...eSAT Journals
Abstract Malaysia receives rainfall from 2000 mm to 4000 mm annually where it is greatly influenced by two monsoon periods in November to March and May to September. The state of Sarawak is well known for its long and wide rivers. Numerous activities such as commercial, industrial and residential can always be found in the vicinity of the rivers. The activities have started since decades ago and still continue to grow and spatially expanding through times providing incomes ranging from small farmers to the largest corporations. Unfortunately, these areas are expected to experience frequent flood events as well as possible receding water level in rivers based on the findings of previous studies. If the projections are accurate, the productivity of these activities will be reduced, hence, in a longer term may affect the economy of the state as whole as well. Therefore, there is an urgent need for existing knowledge on rainfall behavior to be revised as effects of climate change with the intention that the state can fully utilize the favorable conditions and make scientific based decisions in the future. Recent study reveals that the Fourier series (FS), has the ability to simulate long-term rainfall up to 300 years is viewed as an important finding in the study of rainfall forecast. Long-term rainfall forecasting is viewed to be beneficial to the state of Sarawak in its future planning in various sectors such as water supply, flood mitigation, river transportation as well as agriculture. The main goal of the study is to apply a mathematical modeling in rainfall forecasting for the Sungai Sarawak basin. Data from eight rain gauge stations was analyzed and prepared for missing data, consistency check and adequacy of number of stations. Simple statistical analysis was conducted on the data such as maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation. 27 years of annual rainfall data were simulated with the Fourier Series equation using spreadsheet. Hence, the result was compared with the Fitting N-term Harmonic Series. The model result reveals that the Fourier Series has the ability to simulate the observed data by being able to describe the rainfall pattern and there is a reasonable relationship between the simulation and observed data with p-value of 0.93. Keywords: Fourier series, Mathematical
Influence of land use land cover in simulating the thunderstorm event using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
On March 11, 2016, ICLR held a Friday Forum workshop entitled 'Mapping extreme rainfall statistics for Canada', led by Dr. Slobodan Simonovic of Western University.
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, affecting rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve information used in the design, maintenance and operation of water infrastructure in Canada. Presented in this lecture are analyses of precipitation data from 567 Environment Canada hydro-meteorological stations using the IDF_CC tool. Results for the year 2100 based on Canadian climate model and an ensemble of 22 GCMs have been generated. A spatial interpolation method was used to produce Canadian precipitation maps for events of various return periods. Results based on the Canadian climate model indicate a reduction in extreme precipitation in central regions of Canada and increases in other regions. Relative to the ensemble approach, the Canadian climate model results (a) suggest more spatial variability in change of IDFs, and (b) the ensemble approach generated generally lower values than the Canadian climate model.
Dr. Simonovic has extensive research, teaching and consulting experience in water resources systems engineering. He teaches courses in water resources and civil engineering systems. He actively works for national and international professional organizations. Dr. Simonovic’s primary research interest focuses on the application of systems approach to management of complex water and environmental systems. Most of his work is related to the integration of risk, reliability, and uncertainty in hydrology and water resources management. He has received a number of awards for excellence in teaching, research and outreach. He has published over 450 professional publications and three major textbooks. He was inducted to the Canadian Academy of Engineering in June of 2013.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The IDF Curves accessible are for the most part done by fitting arrangement of yearly greatest precipitation force to parametric dispersions. Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves represent the relationship between storm intensity, storm duration and return period. Environmental change is relied upon to intensify the boundaries in the atmosphere factors. Being prone to harsh climate impacts, it is very crucial to study extreme rainfall-induced flooding for short durations over regions that are rapidly growing. One way to approach the extremes is by the application of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The annual maximum rainfall intensity (AMRI) characteristics are often used to construct these IDF curves that are being used in several infrastructure designs for urban areas. Thus, there is a necessity to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution rainfall information. Many urban areas of developing countries lack long records of short-duration rainfall. The shortest duration obtained is normally at a daily scale/24 h. Thus, it is very crucial to find a methodology to construct IDF curves for short-duration rainfall (sub-daily) for these urban areas. The fast extension of urban area that does not have adequate preparedness to cope with climate change is certainly a big risk to life and economy. The study region lies in Karnataka India. The sub-daily IDF curves for current and future climate for the region were constructed from 1 to 24 h based on the Normal Distribution approach. Rainfall data of 23 (Twenty three) hydrological years of all stations were used. Maximum rainfall frequency analysis was made by Normal Distribution method. Finally Equations were developed for different return periods.
Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. The Study Area lies between 750 29’ 19” E and 760 37’ 40” E longitude and 110 55’ 54” N and 130 23’ 12.8” N latitude. The study area covers an area of 10874.65 km2, having maximum length of 143.73 km. Drainage density is 1.43 km/km2 hence area is of coarse texture. The length of overlandflow is less than 0.4 indicating more runoff less infiltration. The study of hypsometric properties of watershed using hypsometric integral (HI) and hypsometric curve retrieved in that, HI value is 0.57 and hence watershed falls under the Mature Stage. Circularity ratio is 0.26 which shows that the drainage area is less circular.
Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most famous and generally utilized technique for analysing and deriving flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area. For ungauged catchments, unit hydrograph are derived using either regional unit hydrograph approach. Central Water Commission (CWC) derived the regional unit hydrograph relationships for different sub-zones of India relating to the various unit hydrograph parameters with some prominent physiographic characteristics. In this study, the lately developed UH model is applied located between Latitude 15º54′2′′ N to 16º16′19′′ N Latitude and 76º48′40′′ E to77º4′21′′ E Longitude. The study area covers an area of 466.02 km2, having maximum length of 36.5 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 569 m and 341 m above MSL, respectively. The Peak discharge of unit hydrograph obtained is 171.58m3/s. The final cumulative discharge is 1669.05 m3/s.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Runoff is one of the most significant hydrological variables used in most of the water resources applications. Physiographically the area is characterized by undulating topography with plains and valleys. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Numbers also known as hydrologic soil group method were used in this study. This method is adaptable and suitable approach for quick runoff estimation and is approximately easy to use with minimum data and it gives good result. From the study yearly rainfall and runoff were estimated easily. The study area covers an area of 466.02 km2, having maximum length of 36.5 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 569 m and 341 m above MSL, respectively.
Prioritization of watershed has Grabbed up significance in watershed management. Morphometic investigation is been usually applied to organize the watershed. In the present study upper cauvery of Karnataka with an area of 10874.65 km2 and highest order stream of 8 was considered. The area was divided into Eight Watersheds. Various morphometric parameters namely Bifurcation ratio(Rb), Drainage density (Dd), Stream frequency(Ns), Texture ratio(T), Form factor(Rf), Circularity ratio(Rc), Elongation Ratio(Re), length of overland flow, shape factor(Bs), compactness ratio (Cc) has been determined for each watershed and allotted position on premise of relationship as to arrive at a Compound value for final ranking of watershed. The morphometric parameters ranges between Rb (3.416-5.0442), Dd (1.377-1.463), Ns (1.397-1.579), T (5.2358.540), Rf (0.233-1.082), Rc (0.179-0.447), Re (0.545-1.173), Cc (1.496-2.365), Lof (0.341-0.363), and Bs (0.924-4.284). It is found that the 38.83 % of area falls under high priority category where as 42.12% of area falls under this Medium category and 19.05% of the area falls under low catergory.
In developing accurate hydro geomorphological analysis, monitoring, ability to generate information in spatial and temporal domain and delineation of land features are crucial for successful analysis and prediction of groundwater resources. However, the use of RS and GIS in handling large amount of spatial data provides to gain accurate information for delineating the geological and geomorphological characteristics and allied significance, which are considered as a controlling factor for the occurrence and movement of groundwater used IRS LISS II data on 1: 50000 scale along with topographic maps in various parts of India to develop integrated groundwater potential zone
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER TABLE FLUCTUATION IN PRECAMBRIAN...IAEME Publication
The study area falls within the semiarid region and frequently facing water scarcity problems. Rain is a form of precipitation, snow, sleet, hail and dew. The precipitation occurs when separate drops of waterfalls on the earth’s surface from clouds. Not all rain reaches the surface, however; some evaporates while falling through dry air, a type of precipitation called Virga. The precipitated water percolates to deeper zones to be stored as groundwater. The present study generates the primary data to map the groundwater table fluctuation in hard rock terrain of Chitradurga District
through Geomatics technique. Efforts have been made to evaluate a total of 20 representative rain gauge station samples and analyzed the season rainfall variation over a period of 31 years (1981- 2011). 47 representative well samples are collected to study the season-wise groundwater fluctuation of about 11 years (2000-2011). Rain gauge stations are plotted on a base map with their respective amount of rainfall.
Forecasting Model of Flood Inundated Areas along Sharda River in U.P.iosrjce
Paper has illuminated the satellite data of previous flood and hydrological data to estimate the
inundated areas near Sharda River. Modeling of flood inundated areas predicted 10 cm rises in water level in
affected areas by flood. IRS-P6/AWiFS and RADARSAT data were used. The RADARSAT satellite data have
shown the flood water, water in low lying areas and real time flood data. The geo referenced IRS-P6/AWiFS,
IRS-P6/LISS-III and PAN satellite data were useful for preparation of various thematic maps. Results revealed
that most heavily flood affected villages at three gauge stations on Sharda River during year 2009 were: 13
villages of Puranpur Block of Pilibhit District downstream to Banbasa gauge station at 220.35m water level; 22
villages of Nighasan Block of Lakhimpur-khiri District downstream to Paliyakala gauge station at 154.62m
water level and 26 villages of Behta Block of Sitapur District downstream to Sharda Nagar gauge station at
136.10m water level.
Generation of intensity_duration_frequency_curves_for manvi taluk raichur dis...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
The estimation of rainfall intensity is commonly required for the design of hydraulic and water resources engineering control structures. The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationship is a mathematical relationship between the rainfall intensity, the duration and the return period. The present study aimed the derivation of IDF curves of Manvi Taluk of Raichur District using four Rain gauge Station with rain gauge stations with 19 years of rainfall data (1998 to 2016). The Normal Distribution, Log Normal Distribution, Gumbel distribution techniques are used to derived the rainfall intensity values of 2,5,10,15,30,60,120,720,1440 minutes of rainfall duration with different return period. The short duration IDF using daily rainfall data are presented, which is input for water resources projects.
Flood Detection Using Empirical Bayesian NetworksIOSRJECE
Flood mapping from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Flood is not only one of the widest spread natural disasters, which regularly causes large numbers of casualties with rising economic loss, extensive homelessness and disaster induced disease, but is also the most frequent disaster type. A valuable information source for such a procedure can be remote sensing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. However, flood scenarios are typical examples of complex situations in which different factors have to be considered to provide accurate and robust interpretation of the situation on the ground. For this reason, a data fusion approach of remote sensing data with ancillary information can be particularly useful. In this work, an Empirical Bayesian network is proposed to integrate remotely sensed data, such as multitemporal SAR intensity images and interferometric-SAR coherence data, with geomorphic and other ground information where as in the previous work the authors has used the Bayesian networks. The methodology is tested on a case study regarding a flood that occurred in the Visakhapatnam (India) on October 2014, monitored using a time series of TerraSAR-X data. It is shown that the synergetic use of different information layers can help to detect more precisely the areas affected by the flood, reducing false alarms and missed identifications which may affect algorithms based on data from a single source. The produced flood maps are compared to data obtained independently from the analysis of optical images; the comparison indicates that the proposed methodology is able to reliably follow the temporal evolution of the phenomenon, assigning high probability to areas most likely to be flooded, in spite of their heterogeneous temporal SAR/InSAR signatures, reaching accuracies of up to 89%.
Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most famous and generally utilized technique for analysing and deriving flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area. For ungauged catchments, unit hydrograph are derived using either regional unit hydrograph approach. Central Water Commission (CWC) derived the regional unit hydrograph relationships for different sub-zones of India relating to the various unit hydrograph parameters with some prominent physiographic characteristics. The Study Area is located between Latitude 15º57′58′′ N to 16º11′25.6′′ N and 77º18′1′′ E to77º32′5.3′′ E Longitude and covers area of 360.97 km2, having maximum length of 26.17 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 533 m and 323 m above MSL, respectively. The Peak discharge of unit hydrograph obtained is 311.469 m3/s. The final cumulative discharge is 1458.55 m3/s.
Application of mathematical modelling in rainfall forcast a csae study in...eSAT Journals
Abstract Malaysia receives rainfall from 2000 mm to 4000 mm annually where it is greatly influenced by two monsoon periods in November to March and May to September. The state of Sarawak is well known for its long and wide rivers. Numerous activities such as commercial, industrial and residential can always be found in the vicinity of the rivers. The activities have started since decades ago and still continue to grow and spatially expanding through times providing incomes ranging from small farmers to the largest corporations. Unfortunately, these areas are expected to experience frequent flood events as well as possible receding water level in rivers based on the findings of previous studies. If the projections are accurate, the productivity of these activities will be reduced, hence, in a longer term may affect the economy of the state as whole as well. Therefore, there is an urgent need for existing knowledge on rainfall behavior to be revised as effects of climate change with the intention that the state can fully utilize the favorable conditions and make scientific based decisions in the future. Recent study reveals that the Fourier series (FS), has the ability to simulate long-term rainfall up to 300 years is viewed as an important finding in the study of rainfall forecast. Long-term rainfall forecasting is viewed to be beneficial to the state of Sarawak in its future planning in various sectors such as water supply, flood mitigation, river transportation as well as agriculture. The main goal of the study is to apply a mathematical modeling in rainfall forecasting for the Sungai Sarawak basin. Data from eight rain gauge stations was analyzed and prepared for missing data, consistency check and adequacy of number of stations. Simple statistical analysis was conducted on the data such as maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation. 27 years of annual rainfall data were simulated with the Fourier Series equation using spreadsheet. Hence, the result was compared with the Fitting N-term Harmonic Series. The model result reveals that the Fourier Series has the ability to simulate the observed data by being able to describe the rainfall pattern and there is a reasonable relationship between the simulation and observed data with p-value of 0.93. Keywords: Fourier series, Mathematical
Adequate knowledge about the hydrology is very much required for the proper planning and management of water resources in an area. Rainfall and runoff are the important constituents in determining the hydrology of an area to determine the water management strategies. SCS- CN method is a widely used method for the calculation of surface runoff considering the land use pattern, soil type and antecedent moisture condition. In the present study runoff of the Palar watershed, Karnataka state, South India has been calculated using the SCS-CN method. The watershed consists of a total area of 2872.357 km2. The maximum rainfall of 1231.67 mm in the year 2005 and a minimum of 418.7 mm in the year 2003. The average annual runoff is calculated as 218.26 mm and 626.91MCM. The rainfall- runoff correlation value is 0.8253. The study results can be effectively coordinated for the watershed management activities.
An attempt has been made to study the variability of seasonal and annual rainfall for a period of 25 years (19912015) for the upper Cauvery portion which has five districts. It can be observed that the average annual rainfall for every five years considered range from 800 to 1200mm for more than 45 percent of the area upto 2010 and from 2011-2015 it has been reduced to less than 35 percent and the percentage of area for which the rainfall range was less than 800mm was increased to 28.39 percent which was less than 14 percent from 1991-2010. The maximum portion of the area had average post monsoon rainfall between 100mm to 200mm has been from 1991 to 2010. And from 2011-2016 the maximum portion of the area has a average post monsoon rainfall less than 150mm. Some parts of Hassan, kodagu and chikkamangalore districts portions in the study area has average annual rainfall above 2000mm where as mandya district portion in the study area has annual rainfall less than 800mm and in mysore district average annual rainfall ranges from 800mm to 1500mm.
A Holistic Approach for Determining the Characteristic Flow on Kangsabati Cat...ijceronline
Kangsabati river rises from the Chotanagpur plateau in the state of West Bengal, India and passes through the districts of Purulia, Bankura and Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal before joining into river Rupnarayan. It is life of these three districts of West Bengal situated in the western part of the state. The river has ephemeral characteristics i.e. it has low flow in the year round and have a high peak on a certain time basis. In the Kangasabati catchment hydrological study gives an evident that during the period every two years there is a chance of drought condition and consecutively after that there is a high flow year. In our study period from 1991 to 2010 there are six low streamflow year i.e. in that year there is less rainfall than the average rainfall on that area. The year 1991, 2002 and 2009 are the drought prone year and above that in 2010 the severe drought condition was seen and this is the lowest rainfall year among the last 20 years and the rainfall on this year is only 766 mm which is in an about 38% less rainfall than the average rainfall of the catchment. And the highest flood peak in the last twenty year is noted on 19th Aug 2007 as 377107.8 Mm3
Quantitative evaluation and analysis of morphometric parameters derived from ...AM Publications
GIS has become a key source to understand the hydrological conditions of watersheds for the last few decades. Arc Hydro tool of ArcGIS has been proven its role in the automated extraction of drainage network and morphometric analysis from DEMs. The delineation of drainage network can be done either manually from topographic sheets or derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data by means of computational methods. In the present work, ASTER DEM has been incurred to extract drainage network with the aid of Arc hydro tool. The Vaishali River basin of Madhya Pradesh has been taken as the study area. This study has been done primarily based on a geo-spatial software ARC GIS in which ARC HYDRO a tool has been used extensively. The quantitative evaluation and analysis of about twenty morphometric parameters has been done based on the linear, areal and relief aspects. The analysis has revealed that the Vaishali River basin is a fifth order basin showing dendritic drainage pattern with drainage density of 0.40 per km and stream frequency of 0.08 per km2. Low drainage density indicates the basin has not been much affected by structural disturbances while drainage frequency and very coarse drainage texture specifies low relief and porous, permeable rocks beneath the ground surface. The form factor, circularity ratio and elongated ratio suggest the basin shape as elongated. The area has low to moderate relief and slopes displays moderate relief ratios. It is concluded that this technique is not only reduces time but also provides valuable results which are very helpful for watershed management studies.
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is widely used by hydrologists for appraisal of probable maximum flood (PMF) used for soil and water conservation structures, and design of dam spillways. The estimation of design storm for example depends on availability of rainfall quantities and their durations. Daily maximum multiannual series are one of the main inputs for design streamflow calculation. The study generated annual series of Daily maximum rainfall for fourty four stations by using statical approach such as Normal distribution, Log-Normal Distribution, Pearson type III distribution and Gumbel’s Distribution .Results reveals that among the different statical approaches Log-Normal distribution fits the best compared to others. Isohyetal Maps of study area at different frequency are produced by using GIS tools, the maximum intensity varies from 2.5 mm/hr to 628 mm/hr.
Comparison of Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics Across the Southeast...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Satellite communication requires reliable estimates of the channel characteristics, especially with the future use of higher frequencies. Regardless of the rain rate, the shape of rain drop size distribution (DSD) start to considerably effect the specific attenuation. In this study DSDs are studied using ground-based two-dimensional video disdrometer measurements taken from Johor, Malaysia as well as two similar datasets from Gan and Manus, two equatorial islands. Integral rain parameters are studied to explain DSD variations across the Southeast Asia region. Slightly higher raindrop concentrations and larger diameters were observed in Johor than in Gan or Manus, which is due to Johor being affected by not only oceanic rain- fall but land rainfall as well. The measured rainfall was classified into convective and stratiform precipitation types; the results showed that the Southeast Asia region is dominated by convective rain in terms of accumulated rainfall amount, but stratiform rain occurred more frequently. Further, seasonal variations observed in Johor were insignificant and the DSD variation was mostly due to changes in percentage occurrence of the precipitation types for each monsoon season.
Rooftop rainwater harvesting (rrwh) at spsv campus, visnagar gujarat a case...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In an ecosystem, there is need to establish the quantity and quality of resources and their suitability for a certain range of land uses in order to assure its future productivity and sustainability of biodiversity. Texture, pH, salinity (EC), sodicity (ESP), slope, temperature and effective soil depth were recognized as factors affecting land suitability for wheat production in the study area. Rabia method was used to generate the final Wheat Crop Suitability Map. It was found that 50.68 percentage of the area is Marginally suitable, 24.21 percent of the area is marginally not suitable, 2.56 percent is permanently nor suitable and 1.71 percent of the area is moderately suitable for the cultivation of wheat in the Upper Cauvery area.
An attempt has been made to develop water quality index (WQI), using Five water quality parameters pH, Nitrates, Chloride, electrical conductivity and fluoride measured at 137 different locations in the study area rating scale is developed based on FAO standards. It was found that 133 samples have the water quality index less than 150 and 4 samples have water quality index between 150-300. By spatial variation of WQI it can be found that 97.08 percent of the water in the area is excellently suitable for irrigation.
Accurate estimation of runoff and sediment yield amount is not only an important task in physiographic but also important for proper watershed management. Watershed is an ideal unit for planning and management of land and water resources. Direct runoff in a catchment depends on soil type, land cover and rainfall. Of the many methods available for estimating runoff from rainfall, the curve number method (SCS-CN) is the most popular. The curve number depends upon soil and land use characteristics. This study was conducted in the Upper Cauvery Karnataka using remote sensing and GIS. SCSCN method has been used for surface runoff estimation for Eight watersheds of Upper Cauvery. The soil map and land use were created in the GIS environment, because the curve number method is used here as a distributed model. The major advantage of employing GIS in rainfall -runoff modelling is that more accurate sizing and catchment characterization can be achieved. Furthermore, the analysis can be performed much faster, especially when there is a complex mix of land use classes and different soil types. The results showed that the surface runoff ranged from 170.12-599.84 mm in the study area, when rainfall rates were received from 1042.65-1912 mm. To find the relationship between rainfall and runoff rates, The straight line equation was used, That was found there a strong correlation between Runoff and precipitation rates, The value correlation coefficient between them was 86%. The Average depth of runoff is more in watershed A4, Average runoff coefficient is less in Watershed B2, the correlation coefficient is high in A4 to a value of almost 95%. Through of these results, the study recommends take advantage of runoff rates by reserving them at collection of Watershed and then using them for agricultural purposes in the vicinity. This would be better than reserving water from the total area which is 10874.65 square kilometers, and then will evaporate or infiltrate before reaching the dam lake
landform is a natural or artificial feature of the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. The Study area located between Latitude 15º54′2′′ N to 16º16′19′′ N Latitude and 76º48′40′′ E to77º4′21′′ E Longitude. The study area covers an area of 466.02 km2, having maximum length of 36.5 km.The study of hypsometric properties of watershed using hypsometric integral (HI) and hypsometric curve retrieved in that, HI value is 0.51 and hence watershed falls under the Mature Stage
Prioritization of watershed has picked up significance in watershed management. Morphometic analysis is been commonly applied to prioritize the watershed. In the present study two mini watersheds in Raichur city have been considered Mini-watershed 1 with an area of 519.32 km2 with highest order stream of 6 Mini -Watershed 2 with an area of 360.97 km2 with highest order stream of 5. There are Seven Subwatersheds in both the Mini-watersheds. Various morphometric parameters namely Bifurcation ratio(Rb), Drainage density(Dd), Stream frequency(Ns), Texture ratio(T), Form factor(Rf), Circularity ratio(Rc), Elongation Ratio(Re), length of overland flow, shape factor(Bs), compactness ratio (Cc) has been determined for each subwatershed and allotted position on premise of relationship as to arrive at a Compound value for final ranking of subwatershed. The morphometric parameters ranges between Rb (2.95-5.50), Dd (1.218-1.373), Ns (0.890-1.182), T (0.731-1.590), Rf (0.230-0.850), Rc (0.246-0.500), Re (0.55-1.04), Cc (1.40-1.83), Lof (0.364-0.411), and Bs (1.17-4.20). It is found that in Mini-watershed 1 50.87% of area falls under Very high Priority category 32.94% under high, 8.96% under medium and 7.23% under very low priority category and in Mini-watershed 2 20.34% of area falls under very high, 19.82% under high and 59.84% under medium priority category.
Aam Talaab also known as Maavina Kere or mango beach is one of the major attractions of Raichur. It is located between Latitude 16º10′49.5′′ N to 16º11′27.8′′ N Latitude and 77º20′36′′ E to 77º23′26′′ E Longitude and an area of 4.77 km2, having maximum length of 3.98 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 491 m and 404 m above MSL, respectively.
The water balanced of a place, whether it be an agricultural field, watershed, or continent, can be determined by calculating the input, output, and storage changes of water at the Earth's surface. The major input of water is from precipitation and output is evapotranspiration. The water balance is intended for use as a screening tool to further evaluates water resources allocations within the watershed and to identify water balance components that may require further analysis during the next levels of watersheds planning. The study area chosen for the present study area is Doddavalabhi sub watershed which falls in Kolar taluk of Kolar district. The study areas geographically lies between 760 8’ 0” E and 760 23’ 0” E longitude and 120 20’ 0” N and 120 28’ 0” N latitudes with an area 15.20 sq.km. For the determination of crop water requirement for Kolar major crops considered are ragi and groundnut with the crop period of 120 days and 140 days respectively. The year and monthly wise potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration is calculated by using penman method, blaney-criddle method, pan evaporation and radiation methods. The year wise potential evapotranspiration calculated by Blaney-criddle is maximum 645.66 mm during 2014, in this year monthly PET is maximum in July month ie 150.4mm. The year wise potential evapotranspiration calculated by Pan Evaporation is maximum 236.43 mm during 2014, in this year monthly PET is maximum in July month ie 56.67mm. The Year wise actual evapotranspiration is also maximum during 2014 for both ragi and groundnut. Hence Blaney criddle method is best suitable since it provides the most satisfactory results compared to other methods because this method is suggested for areas where available climatic data cover air temperature data only.
- Morphometric analysis of the Watershed is considered to be the most satisfactory method because it enables in
understanding of the relationship of various aspects within a drainage basin. In the present study two mini watersheds in Raichur city
have been considered Mini-watershed 1 with an area of 519.32 km2 with highest order stream of 6 it flows through north of city and it
joins the streams of Krishna, Mini –Watershed 2 with an area of 360.97 km2 with highest order stream of 5 it flows through south of
city and joins Tungabhadra streams. The values of Stream frequency is 1.07 and 1.03, Form factor 0.35and 0.53, Shape factor 2.84 and
1.90, Elongation Ratio 0.67 and 0.82, Circularity Ratio 0.27 and 0.42, Drainage density 1.26 and 1.30, Length of overland flow 0.40 and
0.38 for Mini-watershed 1 and Mini-watershed 2 respectively
Prioritization Of Subwatersheds of Cauvery Region Based on Morphometric Analy...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
Prioritization of watershed has picked up significance in watershed management. Morphometic analysis is been commonly applied to prioritize the watershed. The present study makes an effort to organize subwatersheds dependent on morphometric characteristics using GIS techniques in Part of Cauvery region. There are twenty three Subwatersheds under this. Various morphometric parameters namely Bifurcation ratio(Rb), Drainage density(Dd), Stream frequency(Ns), Texture ratio(T), Form factor(Rf), Circularity ratio(Rc), Elongation Ratio(Re), length of overland flow, shape factor(Bs), drainage texture, compactness ratio (Cc) has been determined for each subwatershed and allotted position on premise of relationship as to arrive at a computed value for final ranking of subwatershed.
Generation of short_duration_isohyetal_maps_for_raichur_district_karnataka_ij...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
In raichur district log normal distribution is used to estimate the rainfall depth using 25 raingauge stations with nineteen years of rainfall data and isohyetal maps were generated for duration of 5,10,15,30,60,120,720 and 1440 minutes of different return period.
Assesment of groundwater_potential_zones_for_bruhat_bangalore_mahanagara_pali...Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
Groundwater is an important natural resource in present day, but of limited use due to frequent failures in monsoon, undependable surface water, and rapid urbanization and industrialization have created a major threat to this valuable resource. The present work is an attempt to integrate RS and GIS based analysis and methodology in groundwater potential zone identification in the BBMP study area with an aerial extent of 715.95 km2. By Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.