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The Otto cycle describes the thermodynamic processes that occur in a 4-stroke internal combustion engine. It consists of four stages: intake, compression, combustion (power), and exhaust. In the intake stroke, air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder. In compression, the mixture is compressed. In combustion, ignition causes the mixture to burn, expanding and producing power. In exhaust, burned gases are pushed out of the cylinder. The Otto cycle forms a closed loop on a pressure-volume diagram, with the area inside representing the work produced by the engine in each cycle.
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Indicated Power= Indicated Workdone/Time
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MET 401 Chapter 6 -_gas_power_plant_diesel_cycle_
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Kaushambee j
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that undergo morphological changes through fusion and division. These changes are important for respiration and energy production. Fusion and fission allow for redistribution of mitochondria, removal of damaged mitochondrial components, and maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial network.
I.c. engine
The document discusses different types of internal combustion engines. It describes two-stroke and four-stroke engines, as well as their similarities and differences. The key aspects covered include the combustion cycle, ignition methods, cooling systems, fuel types, cylinder arrangements, and applications of different engine types. It also discusses the basic components and functioning of four-stroke engines through labeled diagrams and animations of the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. Turbines, pumps, compressors and other power consuming devices are briefly introduced as well.
4 stroke diesel engine
The document presents a presentation on the working of a four-stroke diesel engine. It defines an engine as a prime mover that converts fuel into mechanical energy. It classifies engines based on their stroke, fuel used, cylinder position, and ignition type. It then describes the basic parts of a diesel engine, including the cylinder block, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, cylinder head, valves, camshaft, and spark plug. It proceeds to explain the four strokes of the diesel engine cycle - intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. It concludes by noting advantages of diesel engines such as better fuel economy, lower fuel costs, and higher reliability compared to gasoline engines.
Diesel engine
Diesel engines are commonly used in vehicles like cars, buses, trucks as well as agricultural equipment and generators because they can operate in places with unreliable electricity. Diesel engines ignite fuel using the heat of compressed air rather than a spark plug, and are often more efficient than gasoline engines, though they produce more air pollution. The document discusses the components and operation of both 4-stroke and 2-stroke diesel engines.
diesel cycle presentation
Thermodynamic Cycles for CI engines
- Early CI engines injected fuel at top dead center, resulting in combustion during the expansion stroke. Modern engines inject fuel before top dead center, around 20 degrees.
- The combustion process in early CI engines approximates a constant pressure heat addition process, known as the Diesel cycle. Modern CI engines' combustion approximates a combination of constant volume and constant pressure processes, known as the Dual cycle.
- The air-standard Diesel cycle consists of four processes: isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Its thermal efficiency is lower than the Otto cycle for the same compression ratio due to the later fuel injection
Diesel cycle
This Presentation was prepared for Dual Combustion Cycle. This is very important in the study of THermodynamics.
Diesel cycle
The document summarizes key aspects of diesel engine cycles and their thermodynamics. It discusses:
1) The diesel engine cycle involves isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. This is similar to but distinct from the Otto cycle used in gasoline engines.
2) The thermal efficiency of the diesel cycle depends on the compression ratio and cutoff ratio, with higher efficiencies achieved at higher compression ratios and cutoff ratios closer to 1.
3) Despite sometimes having lower compression ratios, diesel engines are typically more efficient than gasoline engines because they add less heat per cycle, allowing the engine to run at higher speeds to produce the same power output.
4-stroke Diesel Engine
This is a presentation that provides basic view of the 4-stroke diesel Engine.Hope you like it and it's helpful to you....
Diesel engine Powerpoint
This is most benificial for the First year Engineering students.Diesel engine explained with P-V diagram and videos.
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Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trapping heat in the atmosphere. This is warming the planet and causing sea levels to rise, harming plants and animals. One contributor is burning fossil fuels which release pollutants into the air. Cutting down forests also exacerbates the problem since trees absorb carbon dioxide. To address global warming, people are carpooling, conserving energy, and governments are implementing acts like the Clean Air Act to reduce industrial and vehicle emissions. Protecting the environment is important for health, safety, and longevity.
Global Warming Ppt
Global warming occurs naturally but is now exacerbated by human activities like industrialization. The greenhouse effect involves gases in the atmosphere trapping heat from the sun, warming the planet. Increased greenhouse gases from human activities have raised the Earth's surface temperature to new highs and caused severe weather events. If emissions are not reduced, scientists warn of even greater temperature rises, more extreme storms, floods and droughts, and small island nations being submerged due to sea level rise from melting ice sheets and thermal expansion of oceans. International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol have aimed to reduce emissions but more action is still needed to prevent destructive climate change impacts.
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The document discusses the Otto cycle, which models the thermodynamic processes that occur in a 4-stroke internal combustion engine. It describes the 4 stages of the Otto cycle: 1) Intake stroke, 2) Compression stroke, 3) Power stroke, and 4) Exhaust stroke. During each stage, the piston moves and the gas changes volume and pressure according to the laws of thermodynamics. The net work produced from the pressure-volume changes during the cycle provides power to run the engine.
Otto%20cycle
The document discusses the Otto cycle, which models the thermodynamic processes that occur in a 4-stroke internal combustion engine. It describes the 4 stages of the Otto cycle: 1) Intake stroke, 2) Compression stroke, 3) Power stroke, and 4) Exhaust stroke. During each stage, the piston moves and changes the volume and pressure of the gas inside the cylinder. The Otto cycle occurs over 2 revolutions of the crankshaft and models the combustion of fuel to produce useful work from the engine.
engines
The document provides information about internal combustion engines, including their basic construction and operation. It discusses the four main parts of internal combustion engines - the engine block, cylinder head, pistons, and crankshaft. It also explains the four strokes of the Otto cycle (internal combustion engine cycle) - intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. The document summarizes the invention and development of both gasoline (Otto cycle) and diesel engines by Nikolaus Otto and Rudolf Diesel respectively.
Petrolengines
The document discusses different types of engines classified by their fuel source and combustion method. It focuses on petrol engines, which are internal combustion engines that burn petrol fuel inside the engine cylinders. The key types discussed are two-stroke and four-stroke petrol engines. Two-stroke engines complete the combustion cycle in two piston strokes while four-stroke engines use four strokes of the piston. The four strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
FOUR STROKE ENGINE
The document discusses the history and workings of different types of engines. It describes how Nicolaus Otto invented the four-stroke engine in 1876. A four-stroke engine completes one cycle over four strokes and two revolutions of the crankshaft. It also describes how a two-stroke engine, invented in 1878 by Clerk, completes a cycle in one revolution due to the use of ports instead of valves.
Petrol engine
A petrol engine, also known as a gasoline engine, works by burning fuel within cylinders to create motion. It uses the four-stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust or the two-stroke cycle. In a four-stroke engine, the piston completes the cycle over two revolutions of the crankshaft, while a two-stroke engine completes the cycle in one revolution. Petrol engines are commonly used in automobiles but have lower efficiency than diesel engines due to their lower compression ratios.
Four Stroke Engine
The document describes the four stroke engine cycle. A four stroke engine uses intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes to complete one cycle. During the intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the piston moves down to draw air-fuel mixture into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, both valves are closed and the piston moves up to compress the mixture. The power stroke occurs when the compressed mixture is ignited, pushing the piston down. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the piston pushes out the exhaust gases. The four stroke cycle is more efficient but more complex than a two stroke engine.
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING.pptx
This document discusses internal combustion engines and their classification. It begins by explaining the basic components and functioning of internal combustion engines, including the four-stroke spark ignition engine and four-stroke compression ignition engine. It then classifies engines based on factors like number of cylinders, cylinder arrangement, thermodynamic cycle, type of fuel and cooling system. The document also discusses engine components like pistons, connecting rods, crankshafts and valves. It provides diagrams to illustrate the engine cycles and classifications. In conclusion, it briefly discusses alternative power sources for vehicles like electric, solar, fuel cell and hybrid technologies.
Internal Combustion Engines.pptx
Internal Combustion Engines:- Heat Engines, Classification of heat engines, Construction and principle of IC Engines, Two stroke and Four stroke engine cycle.
Thermodynamicsbycengelandyunuscimbalpladean
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses the key types of internal combustion engines including external and internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engines have advantages over external combustion engines like better efficiency and compact size. The document then covers the classification of internal combustion engines based on criteria like cycle of operation, ignition method, governing method, cylinder arrangement and cooling method. It also describes the typical components and working principle of 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines. Issues like scavenging efficiency and methods to improve it in 2-stroke engines are discussed. Formulas for calculating indicated power output of engines are also provided.
Chapter 5 internal_combustion_engine
The document provides information on internal combustion engines, including:
- IC engines convert chemical energy from fuels like gasoline into mechanical work. They are used in vehicles, generators, and other machinery.
- The basic components of IC engines are cylinders, pistons, inlet/exhaust valves. Pistons move between top and bottom dead centers.
- IC engines are classified as either spark-ignition (gasoline) or compression-ignition (diesel) based on how combustion is initiated in the cylinder.
The document then discusses air standard cycles that model idealized versions of engine cycles, including the Otto cycle for gasoline engines and Diesel cycle for diesel engines. It provides analysis of the cycles
Introduction to IC engines
The document discusses heat engines and internal combustion engines. It defines heat engines as engines that convert heat energy from fuel combustion into mechanical work. It describes internal combustion engines as a type of heat engine that can be classified based on their combustion cycle, cylinder arrangement, ignition method, cooling method, and more. The document outlines the common parts of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, valves, and differences between parts of gasoline and diesel engines. It also provides details on 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine cycles.
Power plant engineering
This document summarizes key concepts in thermodynamics and different thermodynamic cycles used in power generation. It discusses the four main thermodynamic processes: isobaric, isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic. It then describes important thermodynamic cycles like Rankine, Brayton, Otto, and Diesel that are used in steam turbines, gas turbines, and reciprocating engines. Key components of each cycle are defined along with diagrams of typical systems.
I.C.ENGINE PPT
The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, including their classification, operation, and differences between engine types. It discusses four-stroke petrol and diesel engines in detail, describing the four strokes of each cycle. The key differences between petrol and diesel engines are outlined. Two-stroke engines are also summarized and compared to four-stroke engines. Various engine efficiencies are defined.
Otto cycle and Otto Enigine
This document discusses the Otto cycle and Otto engine. It provides details on:
- The Otto cycle consists of 4 processes used in spark ignition internal combustion engines, including 2 constant volume and 2 isentropic processes.
- The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle increases with higher compression ratios. Higher ratios allow the same combustion temperature to be reached with less fuel.
- Otto engines perform work through piston movement during compression and expansion. The net work produced corresponds to the enclosed area of the Otto cycle curve.
- Otto engines are commonly used in cars and trucks today due to their four-stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust using a spark to ignite fuel.
Heat engines for 10th standard new syllabus
Introduction to heat engines .Working of 4 stroke engines, 2 stroke engines, petrol engines, diesel engines. Some advantages and disadvantages of these engines.
rahul
The document provides details on the components and working of internal combustion engines. It introduces internal combustion engines and their advantages over external combustion engines. It describes the key components of an IC engine like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, valves, spark plug and fuel injector. It explains the four stroke cycle of a four stroke IC engine involving the intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes. It then discusses the valve mechanism involving components like the camshaft, cams, valve lifters, pushrods and rocker arms. It proposes using a single oscillating valve inside the combustion chamber instead of poppet valves to reduce parts, friction and size.
Presentation
THIS IS THE PRESENTATION OF THE FOUR STROKE HEAT ENGINE.WHICH COULD BE VERY USEFUL FOR THE GUYS OF MECHANICAL BRANCH.
THIS PRESENTATION FILE CONSISTS OF THE ENGINE'S TYPES,DIFFERENT STROKES THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENGINE ALNOG WITH THE ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND TOTAL WORK OUTPUT OF OTTOENGINE.
DIESEL ENGINES
The document summarizes the history and workings of a diesel engine. It discusses:
1. Otto invented the four-stroke engine in 1876, using a gas-air mixture. This became known as the Otto cycle.
2. A four-stroke diesel engine completes one cycle over four strokes - intake, compression, power, and exhaust - within two revolutions of the crankshaft.
3. It provides labeled diagrams of the engine and describes the processes that occur in each stroke of the four-stroke cycle.
13. The Otto Cycle.pdf
The document describes the Otto cycle, which models the thermodynamic cycle of internal combustion engines. It contains the following key points:
1. The Otto cycle consists of four processes: isentropic compression, isochoric combustion, isentropic expansion, and isochoric exhaust.
2. During compression and expansion, heat is added and rejected without temperature change. During combustion and exhaust, temperature changes at constant volume.
3. The efficiency of the Otto cycle depends on the compression ratio and temperature changes between states. Higher compression ratios and combustion temperatures increase efficiency.
4. A sample problem demonstrates calculating states, work, efficiency, and mean effective pressure for a given Otto cycle engine.
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2presentation otto-cycle-101225122612-phpapp012
- 7. Each movement of the cylinder up or down the cylinder is one stroke of the four stroke combustion cycle or Otto cycle. The four stroke cycle consists of - induction stroke - compression stroke - ignition/power stroke - exhaust stroke A single cycle requires two revolutions of the crankshaft to complete.
- 14. THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES OTTO CYCLE (p-v DIAGRAM )