The document discusses various leadership styles and theories as well as effective management. It provides definitions and examples of different types of leadership including transformational leadership, situational leadership, and phronetic leadership. It also outlines some key characteristics of effective managers such as setting targets, organizing work efficiently, and recognizing employee contributions. Additionally, it lists some golden rules for effective management like being consistent, communicating clearly, and encouraging team member ideas.

1. 2. Leadership vs
Management
Understanding the
Differences
By: Josefina B. Bitonio, DPA
IGPS – LNU
Dagupan City

2. Leadership is about choices
Co-op: Securing the Future

3. The success of an organization depends on the eight
elements which are further classified into four groups.
Foundation
 Ethics
 Integrity
 Trust
Building Bricks
 Training
 Teamwork
 Leadership
Binding Mortar
 Communication (Downward, Upward and Sideways)
Roof
Recognition

4. Modified Governance Reform Framework by Brillantes and Perante-
Calina (2018), where, for transformations to be well instituted, five
reform areas are central:
Institutions
Mindsets
Vision
Citizen Engagement
Leadership
Set of
organizational
flows of
procedures and
processes as well
as inherent
human values of
ethics and equity
in any democratic
community or
society
area—changing
mindsets, behavior, and
paradigms—consists of
the need to change the
psychological inertia of
the mind on behavior.
Current mindsets, have
instilled dysfunctions in
the Filipino attitudes
and behaviors
To steer reform
directions and to
provide inspiration
and moral fiber to the
ideology of reform
Government cannot
succeed without the
participation of the
citizenry, who must
be educated with the
logic of reform
SDG
Ambisyon
2040
PCMTP
Strategic Plan

5. • The Philippines—a country that is still
entrenched in its efforts towards nation-
building after emerging from a series of crises
and conflicts— does not lack leaders with
good intentions and long-range vision.
However, wise leaders are but few in number.
• We can see leaders around us, the way they
act, think, verbalize, engage, and
communicates
Leadership is not
enough but
leadership does
matter to change
and improve the
quality of life in the
society

6. Leadership
1.Vision
A leader knows where they stand where they want to go and tend to involve the
team in charting a future path and direction.
2. Honesty and Integrity
Leaders have people who believe them and walk by their side down the path the
leader sets.

7. 3. Inspiration
Leaders are usually inspirational—and help their team
understand their roles in a bigger context.
4. Communication Skills
Leaders always keep their team informed about what’s
happening, both present and the future—along with any
obstacles that stand in their way. The 7 Cs ( Clarity,
conciseness, concreteness, completeness, consideration,
correctness and courtesy).
5. Ability to Challenge
Leaders are those that challenge the status quo. They
have their style of doing things and problem-solving and
usually think outside the box.

8. The contingency theory of
leadership supposes that a
leader's effectiveness is
contingent on whether or not
their leadership style suits a
particular situation. According
to this theory, an individual can
be an effective leader in one
circumstance and an ineffective
leader in another one

9. • Phronetic leadership is anchored on one of Aristotle’s
typology of knowledge: phronesis or practical wisdom. For
Nonaka and Takeuchi (2011), phronetic leaders have six
abilities: can judge goodness, can grasp the essence, create
shared contexts, communicate the essence, exercise political
power, and foster practical wisdom in others These six
abilities are then further advanced as a model with four
dimensions of knowledge (socialization, externalization,
combination, and internalization), and two types of
knowledge (tacit and explicit).
• Leaders will continue to rely on new scientific discoveries to
deal with the environmental, energy, and biodiversity issues
facing the globe and on technological advances to develop
smarter systems. Creating the future, however, must extend
beyond the company; it must be about pursuing the common
good.
Phronetic
Leadership

10. Divergent Leadership
• Most often we find divergent and convergent thinking
leaders in an organization. Easily they can be recognized
by the way they handle situations and decision-making.
• In layman’s language, divergent thinking is like
brainstorming and occurs spontaneously and in a free-
flowing manner. Imagination is put to the task by letting
ideas out which are evaluated during the process.
Multiple solutions are arrived at in a short amount of
time. After the process of divergent thinking has been
done, ideas and solutions are organized and structured
using convergent thinking.
• Convergent thinking puts the different ideas in a more
organized, structured and understandable format. It is
essential in the outlining and organizing process. It
focuses on a single, well-thought answer to a problem
or, most often, the correct solution that will aid in the
formulation of decision-making strategies.

11. Situational leadership
• Situational leadership is a style of
leadership where leaders consider
the readiness level of the team
members they serve and the
uniqueness of every situation. Paul
Hersey and Ken Blanchard
developed the situational leadership
model in 1969 while working on
Management of Organizational
Behavior

16. Management theories are a
collection of ideas that
recommend general rules for
how to manage an organization
or business. They address how
supervisors implement strategies
to accomplish organizational
goals and how they motivate
employees to perform at their
highest ability.

17. • Effective managers are those who
achieve set targets before the
deadline and make use of resources
in the best possible manner.
Effective
Managers
Effective managers are responsible for
performing certain key functions, such as:
• Setting targets and deadlines for their
employees;
• Making financial forecasts;
• Organizing work in an efficient manner;
• Coordinating and making use of
organizational resources sensibly;
• Controlling organizational activities and
helping improve the efficiency of employees.

18. Effective managers help their employees in
successfully achieve their goals which also
helps the organization achieve its overall
targets. An effective managerial approach helps
in:
• Achieving the objectives and vision set by the
organization;
• Encouraging employees to be creative;
• Improving accountability of the employees
with regard to their roles and responsibilities;
• Providing opportunities for employees to learn
and develop new skills.

19. An effective manager should possess
certain skills, such as:
•Time management skills;
•Leadership skills;
•Conflict Management skills:
• Emotional intelligence;
• Creative problem solving;
• Mediating;
• Negotiating.
•People Management skills:
• Patience;
• Trust;
• Good judgement;
• Listening skills;
• Empathy.
• Self-Management skills:
• Initiative;
• Organization;
• Accountability.

20. 2.
Here are some the golden rules of effective management:
•Be consistent: You should also treat all members of your
team equally, as this shows that you are unbiased.
•Communicate clearly: When communicating with your team,
ensure your speech is accurate, clear, thorough and concise.
This is the best way to avoid miscommunication and to keep
your team on the same page.
•Recognize and reward hard work: Recognition of good
work is one of the key motivating factors. When members of
your team perform well, you should recognize their efforts as
this will please them and show the entire team that hard work
is rewarded.
•Be transparent: Being a transparent leader shows your
integrity and builds trust within your team. Lying or withholding
information could affect your relationship with the group and
the respect they have for you.
•Encourage team members to come up with ideas: Involve
the team members in brainstorming sessions as they may
come up with amazing ideas.
Golden rules of effective management

21. •Set a good example for your team: Being a manager
you have to do your work with a great level of seriousness
as others are looking up to you. If you do not take your
work seriously, neither will they.
•Create a positive environment: Having a positive
environment at work encourages employees to perform
better which contributes to the overall success of the
organization. If employees are happy at work, their
performances are likely to improve on a regular basis.
•Help your employees enjoy work: You could even take
them for surprise lunches and dinners. When employees
are enjoying work, they tend to perform better.
•Be organized: Being organized in your work tends to be
the difference between completing a task before a given
deadline and missing the deadline altogether. It also helps
in improving the flow of communication between you and
your team, leading to greater productivity and a reduction
in stress levels.
https://www.lsbf.org.uk/blog/opinion-features/the-golden-rules-of-effective-
management#:~:text=Effective%20managers%20are%20those%20who,the%20assistance%20of%20organisational%20resources.

22. Sample Areas on Cooperative Management and
Governance where the board and the management
complement to achieve a common goal.
AREAS BOARD’S ROLE MANAGEMENT’S ROLE
Policy
Development
Formulate policy for
approval of the General
Assembly
Implement policies
Amounts
and sources of
working capital
Identify sources of
working capital & provide
enabling policies
Implement operational
policies & observe
prudence in its
utilization
Relations with
government,
industry, and
general public
Identify areas of
compliances and
engagements
Ensure compliances
and maintain good
rapport

23. Cont.
AREAS BOARD’S ROLE MANAGEMENT’S ROLE
Construction/
expansion of a
building or
facility etc.
Presentation of the plan
to the members for their
approval
Monitor project
implementation and
oversee completion
Engaging
professional
services
Presentation to the
members for their
approval
Recommend to the
BOD for their
consideration

24. Board – Manager Relationship
General Manager/CEO
• Represent the cooperative in any agreement,
contract, business dealings, and in any other official
business transaction as may be authorized by the
BOD
• Ensure compliance with all administrative and other
requirements of regulatory bodies

25. What is going to
move the needle in
the vision?
Life is short, don’t waste time, advise in drops and give in on buckets, knowledge
without practice is useless, knowledge is like a garden – if it’s cultivated it can be
harvested, if its idle, weeds would grow even without encouragement

26. What is going to move the needle
in the vision?
Dreaming and having a vision is important. It is the
first step to creating something. But being confident
and working hard are the key ingredients which will
help your business succeed. So make sure you are
confident about where you want to take your business
then just start doing it.
A leader is someone who leads the business to
success. But how can the leader lead, if he himself
does not know where he’s going? As a leader, you
should always ask the right questions and in this case
the right question is ‘who do we intend to be?’. This
means that having a vision for your business is
important, once you have that, then you can formulate
a plan as to what would be the best way to reach that
vision.
“Management has a lot to do with answers.
Leadership is a function of questions. And the
first question for a leader always is: ‘Who do
we intend to be?’ Not ‘What are we going to
do?’ but ‘Who do we intend to be?’ – Max
DePree
“If you limit your choices only to what
seems possible or reasonable, you
disconnect yourself from what you truly
want, and all that is left is a compromise.” –
Robert Fritz

27. • evaluate your time usage
• work on your prioritization
• create a morning routine
• stop multitasking
• create a monthly plan
• use a weekly planner
• stop procrastinating
• form your Sunday routine
• start writing out daily goals
• learn to utilize breaks
• figure out what you can automate
• eliminate any time wasting habits
• master to do lists
• celebrate your success
14 Day Guide To Better Time Management - (korrashay.com)
Appreciate every
moment of your
life because one
day you’ll wish you
had more TIME