Single Phase Induction Type Energy MeterVishal Thakur
The document summarizes the construction and working of a single phase induction type energy meter. It consists of a driving system, moving system, braking system and registering system. The driving torque is proportional to the supply voltage, load current and their phase difference, causing the disk to rotate. The number of rotations is proportional to the energy consumed. Potential errors include incorrect fluxes/phase angles and friction changes. Adjustments include preliminary light load and creep adjustments to calibrate the meter.
The document discusses acceleration and related concepts:
- Acceleration is the change in velocity per unit of time and is a vector quantity. It results from an applied force and is proportional to the force's magnitude.
- Velocity is speed in a given direction, while speed is the distance traveled per time and does not consider direction.
- Average acceleration is calculated as the change in velocity divided by the time interval. Instantaneous acceleration is the slope of the velocity-time graph at an instant.
- Examples demonstrate calculating average speed and acceleration from initial and final velocities and time intervals. Direction and signs of displacement, velocity, and acceleration must be considered carefully.
This document discusses combining the stress decomposition method (SDM) with strain-rate frequency superposition (SRFS) to characterize the mechanical and relaxation behavior of nonlinear viscoelastic materials. SDM decomposes stress into elastic and viscous components, while SRFS shifts relaxation data along the frequency axis to create a master curve. The authors apply this combined approach to oscillatory shear data for a carbopol gel and compare it to Fourier-transform rheology. They find SDM-SRFS successfully characterizes the material's nonlinear viscoelasticity through measures like elastic and viscous Chebyshev intensities.
The document describes the forces acting on a conical pendulum. It shows a diagram of a pendulum hanging from a string making an angle θ with the vertical. There are two main forces - the tension T in the string, and the gravitational force mg. Equations are derived relating the tension to the angular velocity ω, showing that tanθ is equal to rω2/g, where r is the length of the string.
This document summarizes key concepts about simple harmonic motion:
1) Simple harmonic motion occurs when the acceleration of an object is proportional to and opposite of the displacement from a central point. The force causing the motion is called a restoring force.
2) Periodic variables that describe simple harmonic motion include amplitude, period, frequency, and angular frequency. The period is the time for one complete oscillation.
3) Examples of simple harmonic motion include a mass on a spring, the motion of a simple pendulum, and uniform circular motion. For a mass on a spring, the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium.
4) Other types of oscillatory motion discussed include the simple pendulum and
A REVIEW OF NONLINEAR FLEXURAL-TORSIONAL VIBRATION OF A CANTILEVER BEAMijiert bestjournal
A beam is an elongated member,usually slender,intended to resist lateral loads by bending (Cook,1999). Structures such as antennas,helicopter rotor blades,aircraft wing s,towers and high rise buildings are examples of beams. These beam-like structures are typically subjected to dynamic loads. Therefore,the vibration of beams is of particular interest to the engineer. The paper reviews the derivation by Crespo da Silva and Glyn (1978) for the nonlinear flexural-flexural-torsional vibration of a cant ilever beam. Also the numerical algorithm used to solve the equation of motion for the planar vibration of the beam subjected to harmonic excitation at the base.
This chapter discusses simple harmonic motion (SHM). SHM is defined as periodic motion where the acceleration is directly proportional to and opposite of the displacement from equilibrium. The key equations of SHM are introduced, including the displacement equation x = A sin(ωt + φ) and equations for velocity, acceleration, kinetic energy, and potential energy using angular frequency ω. Examples of SHM include a simple pendulum and spring oscillations. Exercises are provided to apply the kinematic equations of SHM.
Single Phase Induction Type Energy MeterVishal Thakur
The document summarizes the construction and working of a single phase induction type energy meter. It consists of a driving system, moving system, braking system and registering system. The driving torque is proportional to the supply voltage, load current and their phase difference, causing the disk to rotate. The number of rotations is proportional to the energy consumed. Potential errors include incorrect fluxes/phase angles and friction changes. Adjustments include preliminary light load and creep adjustments to calibrate the meter.
The document discusses acceleration and related concepts:
- Acceleration is the change in velocity per unit of time and is a vector quantity. It results from an applied force and is proportional to the force's magnitude.
- Velocity is speed in a given direction, while speed is the distance traveled per time and does not consider direction.
- Average acceleration is calculated as the change in velocity divided by the time interval. Instantaneous acceleration is the slope of the velocity-time graph at an instant.
- Examples demonstrate calculating average speed and acceleration from initial and final velocities and time intervals. Direction and signs of displacement, velocity, and acceleration must be considered carefully.
This document discusses combining the stress decomposition method (SDM) with strain-rate frequency superposition (SRFS) to characterize the mechanical and relaxation behavior of nonlinear viscoelastic materials. SDM decomposes stress into elastic and viscous components, while SRFS shifts relaxation data along the frequency axis to create a master curve. The authors apply this combined approach to oscillatory shear data for a carbopol gel and compare it to Fourier-transform rheology. They find SDM-SRFS successfully characterizes the material's nonlinear viscoelasticity through measures like elastic and viscous Chebyshev intensities.
The document describes the forces acting on a conical pendulum. It shows a diagram of a pendulum hanging from a string making an angle θ with the vertical. There are two main forces - the tension T in the string, and the gravitational force mg. Equations are derived relating the tension to the angular velocity ω, showing that tanθ is equal to rω2/g, where r is the length of the string.
This document summarizes key concepts about simple harmonic motion:
1) Simple harmonic motion occurs when the acceleration of an object is proportional to and opposite of the displacement from a central point. The force causing the motion is called a restoring force.
2) Periodic variables that describe simple harmonic motion include amplitude, period, frequency, and angular frequency. The period is the time for one complete oscillation.
3) Examples of simple harmonic motion include a mass on a spring, the motion of a simple pendulum, and uniform circular motion. For a mass on a spring, the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium.
4) Other types of oscillatory motion discussed include the simple pendulum and
A REVIEW OF NONLINEAR FLEXURAL-TORSIONAL VIBRATION OF A CANTILEVER BEAMijiert bestjournal
A beam is an elongated member,usually slender,intended to resist lateral loads by bending (Cook,1999). Structures such as antennas,helicopter rotor blades,aircraft wing s,towers and high rise buildings are examples of beams. These beam-like structures are typically subjected to dynamic loads. Therefore,the vibration of beams is of particular interest to the engineer. The paper reviews the derivation by Crespo da Silva and Glyn (1978) for the nonlinear flexural-flexural-torsional vibration of a cant ilever beam. Also the numerical algorithm used to solve the equation of motion for the planar vibration of the beam subjected to harmonic excitation at the base.
This chapter discusses simple harmonic motion (SHM). SHM is defined as periodic motion where the acceleration is directly proportional to and opposite of the displacement from equilibrium. The key equations of SHM are introduced, including the displacement equation x = A sin(ωt + φ) and equations for velocity, acceleration, kinetic energy, and potential energy using angular frequency ω. Examples of SHM include a simple pendulum and spring oscillations. Exercises are provided to apply the kinematic equations of SHM.
This document provides an overview of building a virtual reality display using inertial measurement units for orientation and positional tracking. It discusses coordinate systems, inertial sensors like gyroscopes and accelerometers, and tracking orientation with an IMU. It also describes using a VRduino for pose tracking and a head and neck model. Key steps in orientation tracking with the VRduino include gyro integration with quaternions, tilt correction from accelerometers, and applying a complementary filter.
The document discusses oscillations and simple harmonic motion. It defines periodic motion, oscillatory motion, and harmonic motion. Harmonic motion can be described using sine and cosine functions. Examples of oscillations include a swinging pendulum and vibrating springs. The period and frequency of oscillations are defined. For simple harmonic motion, the displacement is directly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium and opposite in sign. The velocity and acceleration functions for SHM are derived. For a mass-spring system, the restoring force is proportional to the displacement. The total mechanical energy of a simple harmonic oscillator remains constant over time as the kinetic and potential energy alternately increase and decrease during oscillation.
The mass of an astronaut in zero gravity, Dominique LambertBrussels, Belgium
Measuring the mass of an astronaut is important for several reasons. It is important for safety during extravehicular activities outside spacecraft, as the mass measurement is used to select the appropriate spacesuit for the astronaut. In zero gravity environments like space stations, astronauts can experience bone and muscle loss, so regular mass measurements are taken to monitor for osteoporosis or other health issues. The mass of an astronaut also needs to be precisely known to calculate orbital mechanics for the spacecraft when astronauts are onboard.
The document describes research on spike-frequency adaptation in single neurons. It presents a generalized leaky integrate-and-fire (GIF) neuron model that captures two key properties: 1) Spike-triggered adaptation currents and threshold movements that decay according to a power law function over timescales of 20+ seconds, explaining the neuron's scale-free adaptation properties. 2) The model is fit to neural data using a maximum likelihood method that extracts the power law exponents for the adaptation current (~0.76) and threshold movement (~0.87).
1) Simple harmonic motion describes any oscillatory motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement. It follows the differential equation d2x/dt2 = -ω2x, where ω is the angular frequency.
2) The position as a function of time for simple harmonic motion is given by x(t) = Acos(ωt + φ), which describes a simple sinusoidal oscillation.
3) When a damping force is present that is proportional to the velocity, the motion is described by damped harmonic motion. The amplitude decreases exponentially with time in underdamped systems.
Optimal Feedback Control for Human Gait with Function Electrical StimulationTon van den Bogert
This document summarizes research on using optimal feedback control for human gait with functional electrical stimulation. The researchers used a musculoskeletal model of the legs controlled with open-loop stimulation and added various forms of feedback, including muscle spindle, joint angle, joint velocity, and forefoot pressure feedback. Through simulations, they found that each type of feedback could improve stability but stability was not fully achieved. The best results came from combining joint angle and velocity feedback, achieving a maximum Floquet exponent of -0.1482, indicating stability. However, limitations in the model, sensors, and control system prevented true stable walking from being achieved.
Bone Mechanics - Leismer and Walsh 2006jeffleismer
The document provides an overview of bone biomechanics concepts including:
- Mechanics concepts like statics, dynamics, and mechanics of materials and how they relate to bone.
- How knowledge of loads, deformations, stresses, and strains can be used to understand bone.
- Common failure modes in bone from excessive loading.
- An example application involving characterizing the fracture properties of manatee rib bones to understand boat collision impacts.
This document discusses hoisting and dynamics of rotation. It provides examples and explanations of:
1) The forces, torques, and equations of motion involved when a hoist drum raises or lowers a load while accelerating or decelerating. This includes the inertia couple of the drum opposing changes in rotation and friction torque opposing rotation.
2) Specific examples that calculate the torque required to raise a load or bring it to a stop, given information like the drum's moment of inertia, load mass, acceleration, and friction torque.
3) Diagrams illustrate the forces and torques acting on the hoist drum and load in different scenarios like raising or lowering while accelerating versus coming to a stop
The document links circular motion to simple harmonic motion (SHM) by using the motion of a ball rotating on a turntable to represent circular motion, and the shadow of a pendulum attached to the ball to represent SHM. It derives the equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the pendulum's SHM from the ball's uniform circular motion. The displacement is described by a cosine function, the velocity is described by the square root of a quantity minus the displacement squared, and the acceleration is directly proportional to and opposite in direction from the displacement. All properties vary sinusoidally with time for SHM.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 3 of a physics textbook. It discusses vectors and scalars, graphical addition and subtraction of vectors, vector addition using components, velocity, acceleration, projectile motion, and examples of calculating displacement, velocity, and acceleration in two dimensions. Graphs and equations are provided to illustrate constant acceleration in the x and y directions for an object moving under gravity.
This document describes an experiment to determine the moment of inertia of a flywheel. The experiment involves attaching weights to a cord wrapped around the flywheel and measuring the time it takes for a set number of revolutions as the weights are increased. The results are plotted on a graph of effective couple versus mass to determine the moment of inertia. The calculated theoretical moment of inertia is 0.01445 kg-m2, while the experimental values deviate significantly from this due to various sources of error in the experiment. In conclusion, the experiment aimed to study how mass and radius affect a flywheel's moment of inertia but human and mechanical errors prevented accurate comparison with the theoretical value.
The document describes modeling and control of a Vorticity Control Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (VCUUV) being developed at MIT. It presents the nonlinear rigid body and hydrodynamic models of the vehicle's tail system, which consists of 4 hydraulically operated links that emulate fish swimming. A state-space controller is designed using computed torque and LQR approaches to control the tail's motion and reject disturbances. Simulation results show the controller effectively maintained position and velocity accuracy despite noise, disturbances, and model perturbations.
This document discusses centripetal force and circular motion. It provides examples of calculating centripetal force and acceleration for objects moving in circular paths. It also discusses how centripetal force allows satellites to orbit Earth through gravitational force, and how banking allows cars to round turns through an angled surface providing centripetal force. Equations for centripetal force, acceleration, and velocity in circular motion are presented along with sample problems and solutions.
Alessandra Buonanno gave a lecture on the analytical and numerical relativity approaches used to model gravitational waveforms from inspiraling binary systems. She discussed how post-Newtonian theory, effective one body theory, and numerical relativity are used to approximately and exactly solve Einstein's field equations. She emphasized the crucial synergy between analytical and numerical relativity approaches to develop accurate gravitational waveform models like EOBNR and Phenom that have been used to infer astrophysics from LIGO/Virgo detections.
This study characterized magnetic switching in synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) structures using two experimental methods. Static measurements using a tunnel diode oscillator constructed critical curves showing magnetic switching points of the SAF samples at different field angles. Dynamic measurements using ferromagnetic resonance found the angular variation of resonance absorption in the SAF structures. The results demonstrate using different measurement techniques to understand magnetic behavior in SAF thin film samples consisting of ferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic spacer.
This talk is about the analysis of nonlinear energy harvesters. A particular example of an inverted beam harvester proposed by our group has been discussed in details.
Latest 2014 development of the Spiral Magnetic Motor (SMM) which uses only permanent magnets. This is a work in progress with joint contributors including a physics professor and at least one student. We are encouraged by the fact that for any given volume, magnetic energy exceeds any possible electrical field in air by 50,000. In addition, magnets are also powered by spinning electrons which are sustained by the quantum vacuum and a physics journal article is also in the works to explain the operation as it nears completion. More information at www.integrityresearchinstitute.org
This document summarizes a lecture on using gravitational wave waveform models to test general relativity and probe the nature of compact objects through gravitational wave observations. It discusses how waveform models can be used to bound post-Newtonian coefficients, constrain phenomenological merger-ringdown parameters, and probe the quasi-normal modes of black hole ringdowns. Measuring multiple modes could verify the no-hair theorem and black hole uniqueness properties. Future observations from LIGO and Virgo at design sensitivity may allow high-precision black hole spectroscopy and tests of general relativity in the strong, dynamical gravity regime.
The document summarizes research on a proposed plasma magnet propulsion concept. Key points:
1) Experiments at the University of Washington generated and sustained up to 10kA of plasma current using a rotating magnetic field, enough to inflate a plasma bubble similar to a mini-magnetosphere.
2) Measurements found electron temperatures of 18eV and densities sufficient to sustain particle confinement for over a year within an inflated 100km plasma bubble.
3) Numerical simulations modeled self-consistent electron motion within experimental rotating dipole fields and plasma inflation dynamics, supporting the feasibility of the plasma magnet concept for deep space exploration propulsion.
This document provides an overview of building a virtual reality display using inertial measurement units for orientation and positional tracking. It discusses coordinate systems, inertial sensors like gyroscopes and accelerometers, and tracking orientation with an IMU. It also describes using a VRduino for pose tracking and a head and neck model. Key steps in orientation tracking with the VRduino include gyro integration with quaternions, tilt correction from accelerometers, and applying a complementary filter.
The document discusses oscillations and simple harmonic motion. It defines periodic motion, oscillatory motion, and harmonic motion. Harmonic motion can be described using sine and cosine functions. Examples of oscillations include a swinging pendulum and vibrating springs. The period and frequency of oscillations are defined. For simple harmonic motion, the displacement is directly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium and opposite in sign. The velocity and acceleration functions for SHM are derived. For a mass-spring system, the restoring force is proportional to the displacement. The total mechanical energy of a simple harmonic oscillator remains constant over time as the kinetic and potential energy alternately increase and decrease during oscillation.
The mass of an astronaut in zero gravity, Dominique LambertBrussels, Belgium
Measuring the mass of an astronaut is important for several reasons. It is important for safety during extravehicular activities outside spacecraft, as the mass measurement is used to select the appropriate spacesuit for the astronaut. In zero gravity environments like space stations, astronauts can experience bone and muscle loss, so regular mass measurements are taken to monitor for osteoporosis or other health issues. The mass of an astronaut also needs to be precisely known to calculate orbital mechanics for the spacecraft when astronauts are onboard.
The document describes research on spike-frequency adaptation in single neurons. It presents a generalized leaky integrate-and-fire (GIF) neuron model that captures two key properties: 1) Spike-triggered adaptation currents and threshold movements that decay according to a power law function over timescales of 20+ seconds, explaining the neuron's scale-free adaptation properties. 2) The model is fit to neural data using a maximum likelihood method that extracts the power law exponents for the adaptation current (~0.76) and threshold movement (~0.87).
1) Simple harmonic motion describes any oscillatory motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement. It follows the differential equation d2x/dt2 = -ω2x, where ω is the angular frequency.
2) The position as a function of time for simple harmonic motion is given by x(t) = Acos(ωt + φ), which describes a simple sinusoidal oscillation.
3) When a damping force is present that is proportional to the velocity, the motion is described by damped harmonic motion. The amplitude decreases exponentially with time in underdamped systems.
Optimal Feedback Control for Human Gait with Function Electrical StimulationTon van den Bogert
This document summarizes research on using optimal feedback control for human gait with functional electrical stimulation. The researchers used a musculoskeletal model of the legs controlled with open-loop stimulation and added various forms of feedback, including muscle spindle, joint angle, joint velocity, and forefoot pressure feedback. Through simulations, they found that each type of feedback could improve stability but stability was not fully achieved. The best results came from combining joint angle and velocity feedback, achieving a maximum Floquet exponent of -0.1482, indicating stability. However, limitations in the model, sensors, and control system prevented true stable walking from being achieved.
Bone Mechanics - Leismer and Walsh 2006jeffleismer
The document provides an overview of bone biomechanics concepts including:
- Mechanics concepts like statics, dynamics, and mechanics of materials and how they relate to bone.
- How knowledge of loads, deformations, stresses, and strains can be used to understand bone.
- Common failure modes in bone from excessive loading.
- An example application involving characterizing the fracture properties of manatee rib bones to understand boat collision impacts.
This document discusses hoisting and dynamics of rotation. It provides examples and explanations of:
1) The forces, torques, and equations of motion involved when a hoist drum raises or lowers a load while accelerating or decelerating. This includes the inertia couple of the drum opposing changes in rotation and friction torque opposing rotation.
2) Specific examples that calculate the torque required to raise a load or bring it to a stop, given information like the drum's moment of inertia, load mass, acceleration, and friction torque.
3) Diagrams illustrate the forces and torques acting on the hoist drum and load in different scenarios like raising or lowering while accelerating versus coming to a stop
The document links circular motion to simple harmonic motion (SHM) by using the motion of a ball rotating on a turntable to represent circular motion, and the shadow of a pendulum attached to the ball to represent SHM. It derives the equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the pendulum's SHM from the ball's uniform circular motion. The displacement is described by a cosine function, the velocity is described by the square root of a quantity minus the displacement squared, and the acceleration is directly proportional to and opposite in direction from the displacement. All properties vary sinusoidally with time for SHM.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 3 of a physics textbook. It discusses vectors and scalars, graphical addition and subtraction of vectors, vector addition using components, velocity, acceleration, projectile motion, and examples of calculating displacement, velocity, and acceleration in two dimensions. Graphs and equations are provided to illustrate constant acceleration in the x and y directions for an object moving under gravity.
This document describes an experiment to determine the moment of inertia of a flywheel. The experiment involves attaching weights to a cord wrapped around the flywheel and measuring the time it takes for a set number of revolutions as the weights are increased. The results are plotted on a graph of effective couple versus mass to determine the moment of inertia. The calculated theoretical moment of inertia is 0.01445 kg-m2, while the experimental values deviate significantly from this due to various sources of error in the experiment. In conclusion, the experiment aimed to study how mass and radius affect a flywheel's moment of inertia but human and mechanical errors prevented accurate comparison with the theoretical value.
The document describes modeling and control of a Vorticity Control Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (VCUUV) being developed at MIT. It presents the nonlinear rigid body and hydrodynamic models of the vehicle's tail system, which consists of 4 hydraulically operated links that emulate fish swimming. A state-space controller is designed using computed torque and LQR approaches to control the tail's motion and reject disturbances. Simulation results show the controller effectively maintained position and velocity accuracy despite noise, disturbances, and model perturbations.
This document discusses centripetal force and circular motion. It provides examples of calculating centripetal force and acceleration for objects moving in circular paths. It also discusses how centripetal force allows satellites to orbit Earth through gravitational force, and how banking allows cars to round turns through an angled surface providing centripetal force. Equations for centripetal force, acceleration, and velocity in circular motion are presented along with sample problems and solutions.
Alessandra Buonanno gave a lecture on the analytical and numerical relativity approaches used to model gravitational waveforms from inspiraling binary systems. She discussed how post-Newtonian theory, effective one body theory, and numerical relativity are used to approximately and exactly solve Einstein's field equations. She emphasized the crucial synergy between analytical and numerical relativity approaches to develop accurate gravitational waveform models like EOBNR and Phenom that have been used to infer astrophysics from LIGO/Virgo detections.
This study characterized magnetic switching in synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) structures using two experimental methods. Static measurements using a tunnel diode oscillator constructed critical curves showing magnetic switching points of the SAF samples at different field angles. Dynamic measurements using ferromagnetic resonance found the angular variation of resonance absorption in the SAF structures. The results demonstrate using different measurement techniques to understand magnetic behavior in SAF thin film samples consisting of ferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic spacer.
This talk is about the analysis of nonlinear energy harvesters. A particular example of an inverted beam harvester proposed by our group has been discussed in details.
Latest 2014 development of the Spiral Magnetic Motor (SMM) which uses only permanent magnets. This is a work in progress with joint contributors including a physics professor and at least one student. We are encouraged by the fact that for any given volume, magnetic energy exceeds any possible electrical field in air by 50,000. In addition, magnets are also powered by spinning electrons which are sustained by the quantum vacuum and a physics journal article is also in the works to explain the operation as it nears completion. More information at www.integrityresearchinstitute.org
This document summarizes a lecture on using gravitational wave waveform models to test general relativity and probe the nature of compact objects through gravitational wave observations. It discusses how waveform models can be used to bound post-Newtonian coefficients, constrain phenomenological merger-ringdown parameters, and probe the quasi-normal modes of black hole ringdowns. Measuring multiple modes could verify the no-hair theorem and black hole uniqueness properties. Future observations from LIGO and Virgo at design sensitivity may allow high-precision black hole spectroscopy and tests of general relativity in the strong, dynamical gravity regime.
The document summarizes research on a proposed plasma magnet propulsion concept. Key points:
1) Experiments at the University of Washington generated and sustained up to 10kA of plasma current using a rotating magnetic field, enough to inflate a plasma bubble similar to a mini-magnetosphere.
2) Measurements found electron temperatures of 18eV and densities sufficient to sustain particle confinement for over a year within an inflated 100km plasma bubble.
3) Numerical simulations modeled self-consistent electron motion within experimental rotating dipole fields and plasma inflation dynamics, supporting the feasibility of the plasma magnet concept for deep space exploration propulsion.
Angular and position stability of a nanorod trapped in an optical tweezersAmélia Moreira
The document summarizes the analysis of angular and position stability of a nanorod trapped in an optical tweezers. It computes the optical trapping forces and torques on a nano-cylinder using T-matrix and radiation stress integration approaches. The results show that lateral forces are several times stronger than axial forces, and lateral torques are 1-2 orders stronger than end-face torques. Torques due to surface stress are much stronger than spin torques. The analysis explains why low aspect ratio nanorods are stably trapped normal to the beam axis.
This document discusses a numerical study of the effect of thermal radiation on free convection boundary layer flow over a vertical wavy cone. The governing equations for steady, laminar, two-dimensional flow are presented and non-dimensionalized. These equations are then solved using the Mathematica technique. Graphs of the dimensionless temperature, velocity, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are generated for various values of the Prandtl number, radiation parameter, surface wave amplitude, and cone half-angle. The results are discussed to analyze the impact of thermal radiation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics.
Spintronics refers commonly to phenomena in which
the spin of electrons in a solid state environment
plays the determining role. Spintronics devices are
based on a spin control of electronics, or on an
electrical and optical control of spin or magnetism.
This review provides a new promising science which
has been strongly addressed as Spintronics, the
contracted form of spin based electronics and
presents selected themes of semiconductor
Spintronics, introducing important concepts in spin
transport, spin injection, Silsbee-Johnson spincharge
coupling, and spin dependent tunneling. Most
semiconductor device systems are still theoretical
concepts, waiting for experimental demonstrations.
Towards Space State of Domain Walls in Permalloy NanostructuresHéctor Corte León
Resume of the research done until June 2013, and previous to a future paper. Evaluates the behavior of a Py nanostructure designed for trapping and detecting nanoparticles. The device has a switchable DW pinning site and it's state is probed measuring resistance variation due to anisotropic magnetoresistance effect. The presence of nanoparticles modifies the switching field.
This document summarizes research on identifying spin-wave eigen-modes in a circular spin-valve nano-pillar using Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM). Key findings include:
1) Distinct spin-wave spectra are observed depending on whether the nano-pillar is excited by a uniform in-plane radio-frequency magnetic field or by a radio-frequency current perpendicular to the layers, indicating different excitation mechanisms.
2) Micromagnetic simulations show the azimuthal index φ is the discriminating parameter, with only φ=0 modes excited by the uniform field and only φ=+1 modes excited by the orthogonal current-induced Oersted field.
3) Three indices are used to label resonance
Free Vibration of Pre-Tensioned Electromagnetic NanobeamsIOSRJM
The transverse free vibration of electromagnetic nanobeams subjected to an initial axial tension based on nonlocal stress theory is presented. It considers the effects of nonlocal stress field on the natural frequencies and vibration modes. The effects of a small-scale parameter at molecular level unavailable in classical macro-beams are investigated for three different types of boundary conditions: simple supports, clamped supports and elastically constrained supports. Analytical solutions for transverse deformation and vibration modes are derived. Through numerical examples, effects of the dimensionless Hartmann number, nano-scale parameter andpre-tension on natural frequencies are presented and discussed.
Experiments were conducted in a low-noise wind tunnel to study shock wave reflection transition and hysteresis at a Mach number of 4.0. As the angle of attack of wedges was increased from 1 degree per second, the flow transitioned from regular reflection to Mach reflection between angles of 32.9 and 34.7 degrees. On the return, the transition occurred between 37.1 and 38.2 degrees, demonstrating hysteresis in the Mach stem height. Mass flow fluctuations in the tunnel were less than 0.2% between 50 Hz and 300 KHz, allowing for study of the unsteady shock reflection phenomena.
Shihab APL 106 142408 Systematic study of the spin stiffness dependence on ph...Sylvain Shihab
The document reports on a study of the spin stiffness dependence on phosphorus concentration in the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)(As,P). Time-resolved magneto-optical experiments were carried out on thin epilayers with varying phosphorus concentrations between 0-9%. Two perpendicular standing spin wave modes were excited using laser pulses, from which the spin stiffness constant was extracted for each sample. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the experiments found little variation in the spin stiffness with increasing phosphorus concentration.
This document discusses magnetic nanowires and microwires. It describes how cylindrical nanowires of various compositions, diameters, and geometries have been synthesized using electrochemical methods. These include uniform nanowires, nanowires with modulated diameters, and multisegmented nanowires. Characterization of individual nanowires reveals correlation between their crystal structure, composition, and magnetic properties. Modulated nanowires have been shown to exhibit tailored reversal behavior compared to uniform nanowires. Various techniques including Lorentz microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism have provided insights into spin configurations in these artificial nanowire systems.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document summarizes the history and current state of the post-Newtonian (PN) approximation for modeling compact binary systems and gravitational waves. It discusses how PN theory has achieved an "unreasonable accuracy" in describing binary pulsars and is now being used to construct initial data and compare waveforms for numerical relativity simulations.
This document provides an introduction to spintronics. It discusses that electrons have spin in addition to mass and charge. Spintronics uses the spin property of electrons for electronic devices. Key spintronic effects discussed include giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). GMR occurs in ferromagnetic-metal-ferromagnetic structures and MTJ in ferromagnetic-insulator-ferromagnetic structures. Spintronic devices have advantages over traditional devices like non-volatility and lower power consumption. Spintronic phases of spin injection, manipulation and detection are also summarized. Important spintronic materials include diluted magnetic semiconductors and half-metallic ferromagnets. Applications include hard
Este documento presenta los objetivos y resultados de una jornada científica sobre nanociencia e imanes permanentes con bajo contenido de tierras raras. Se describen los avances en el desarrollo de nuevos materiales magnéticos compuestos y en el estudio de redes ordenadas de microhilos magnéticos y sus interacciones con ondas electromagnéticas. También se muestran los resultados preliminares de un sistema de telemetría inalámbrica para el seguimiento de procedimientos vasculares basado en microhilos magnéticos.
The summary discusses the work of the Theoretical Chemistry Group at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). The group studies several topics including self-assembly of molecules on surfaces, graphene on metal surfaces, NO catalysis, fullerenes, and antimonene. Specific projects mentioned include studying the controlled self-assembly of TCNQ and TTF molecules on Cu(111) and Ag(111) surfaces, graphene intercalated with sulfur on Ru(0001) surfaces, and predicting the structures and stabilities of charged fullerene molecules.
1) Graphene has potential for spintronics applications due to its long spin diffusion length and ability to manipulate spin. Intercalating graphene with Pb on an Ir substrate induces a giant spin-orbit coupling that splits graphene's bands.
2) Depositing molecules like TCNQ on graphene can induce a Kondo effect and long-range magnetic order. TCNQ forms nearly flat, half-filled bands predicted to have a ferromagnetic ground state.
3) Pb intercalated graphene on Ir has properties resembling Landau levels without a magnetic field, with quantized resistance and possible applications in topological insulators.
This document summarizes research on improving the magnetic and electrical properties of type-II superconductors through nanostructured hybrids. It discusses using nanostructured defects like dots of materials like nickel to enhance pinning of vortices in the mixed state and reduce resistance. Arrays of magnetic dots on niobium films allow controlling the remanent magnetic state of the dots to realize three-state memory function and ratchet effects influencing voltage outputs. The compensation field and matching fields where resistance is minimized depend on sample design.
The document describes the current and future facilities for very high magnetic field scanning tunneling microscopy (VHT-STM) at the Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. The current facilities include a dilution refrigerator STM that can reach temperatures as low as 7 mK combined with magnetic fields up to 9T. A new dilution refrigerator STM is under construction that will be capable of reaching 7 mK and applying a 17T magnetic field. Future facilities planned include a dilution refrigerator STM that can apply 22T at 7 mK and a hybrid magnet STM that can generate over 30T. The VHT-STM will allow scientists to visualize electronic correlations and perform Landau
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...Sérgio Sacani
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
1. !1Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
12th of June 2018
Jairo Sinova
Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz
Smejkal, Zelezny, Sinova, Junwirth PRL (2017)
Smejkal, Jungwirth, Sinova PSS (2017)
Jairo Sinova and Tomas Jungwirth, Physics Today (2017)
Bodar, Smejkal, Jourdan, Kläui, JS, et al, Nature Comm. (2018)
Jungwirth, JS, et al, Nature Physics (AFM spintronics Reviews) (2018)
Topological Antiferromagnetic Spin-orbitronics:
from spin Hall effect, to spin-orbit torques,
to Néel spin-orbit torques, to tunable Dirac fermions
Olejnik, Jugwirth, Kampfrad, JS, et al - Science Advance 2018
2. !2Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
I. Spin-Orbit Torques in Ferromagnets and Antiferromagnets:
•SHE and Inverse spin galvanic effect phenomenology
•Spin-orbit Torques
•Néel Spin-orbit Torque
II.Topological Dirac Fermion + Antiferromagnets + Neel SOTs
III.AHE in collinear AFMs
Kurebayashi, et al., Nat. Nanot. (2014)
Zelezny, Gao, JS, Jungwirth PRL (2014)
Zelazny, Gao, et al. PRB (2016)
Gomonay, Jungwirth, Sinova PRL (2016)
Yu, Smejkal, Jourdan, Kläui, JS, et al, arXiv: 1706.02482 (2017)
Sinova,et al RMP (2015)
Smejkal, Zelezny, Sinova, Junwirth PRL (2017)
Smejkal, Jungwirth, Sinova PSS (2017)
Ciccarelli, et al., Nat. Phys. (2016)
Olejnik, Jugwirth, Kampfrad, JS, et al - Science Advance 2018
Topological Antiferromagnetic Spin-orbitronics:
from spin Hall effect, to spin-orbit torques,
to Néel spin-orbit torques, to tunable Dirac fermions
Surprises of the Spin Hall Effect, Physics Today 70, 7, 38 (2017)
Jungwirth, JS, et al, Nature Physics (AFM spintronics Reviews) (2018)
3. !3
Hilbert et al. Science (2011)
Analog
to
Digital
Gutenberg
(1400-1468)
1015
1014
1013
1012
1986 1993 2000 2007
Digital: Hard-disks, DVDs,…
Analog: books, video/film, …
MB
Analog to digital = Ink to Spin
Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
4. Discovery of Giant Magneto Resistance
!4Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Albert Fert Peter Grünberg
GMR first observed in 1988
From fundamental to practical
Stuart Parkin
2014 Humboldt Professor
and 2014 Millennium Prize
Low Resistance High Resistance
5. What is next in memory storage?
!5Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Spin-Transfer
MRAM
(2015)
Heating Problems
MRAM
Magnetic Random
Access Memory
First generation did NOT
combine charge and spin
6. Magnetization dynamics and Spin Transfer Torque
!6Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
d ˆM
dt
= ˆM ⇥ ~Heff + ↵ ˆM ⇥
d ˆM
dt
+
~PJ
2e
( ˆM ⇥ ˆM0) ⇥ ˆM
(proposed by Slonczewski, Berger 1996)
Ferro 1 Ferro 2Spacer
Torque
Spin Transfer Torque
8. in-plane-current switching MRAM
!8Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
MTJ
In-plane-current-switching MRAM
If switching can be done by an
in-plane current then a key
issue in STT-MRAM is resolved
4"
9. Control of materials properties via spin-orbit coupling
Antiferro
magnetic
materials
Nano-
transport
Spintronic
Hall effects
Topological
transport
effects
Spin-
orbitronics
Caloritronics
Spin-orbit
Torques
!9Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Spin-orbitronics
10. Inverse Spin Galvanic Effect or Edelstein Effect
!10Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Spin-current and spin-polarization generation by currents
(Reverse process of circular photo-galvanic effect, Ganichev et al., 2001)
Wunderlich et at. arXiv ‘04, PRL ‘05
Spin Hall Effect in p-GaAs
12. Inverse Spin Galvanic Effect or Edelstein Effect
!12Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
kx
ky
δS=0δSy≠0
J || x
Wunderlich, Jungwirth, JS, et al PRL/PRB 2003/2004
Current induced polarization
13. Experiments of in-plane current magnetic switching
Miron et al., Nature ‘11
Buhrman,et al., Science ‘12
!13Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
spin-orbit torque at PM/FM interface
intrinsic SHE + STT
SHE as spin-current generator + STT
d ~M
dt
!
SHE ST T
= P ˆM ⇥ (ˆn ⇥ ˆM)
d ~M
dt
!
SOT
=
Jex
~
~M ⇥ ~s
hSOT || z × J
Jairo Sinova and Tomas Jungwirth, Physics Today (2017)
14. !14Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
SpinHall Rashba
Courtesy of P. Gambardella
Spin-orbit Torques in Bilayer Systems
Make a ferromagnet behave like a cat:
SOC (broken bulk inversion)+ferromagnetism
?
17. Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
17Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Spin not charge based
Radiation-hard
Ordered spins
Non-volatile
No net moment
Insensitive to magnetic fields,
no fringing stray fields
THz dynamics
Ultra-fast switching
Multiple-stable domain configurations
Memory-logic bit cells
Materials range
Insulators, semiconductors, semimetals,
metals, superconductors
Last issue of the
International Technological
Roadmap for
Semiconductors in 2016
18. !18Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Writing by spin-orbit torque in a single-layer ferromagnet
Magnet reversing itself : SOT
Antiferromagnetic Spin-orbitronics
AFM
Néel SOT
J. Zelezny, H. Gao, K. Vyborny, J. Masek, J. Zemen, A. Manchon, J. Sinova, and T. Jungwirth, PRL (2014)
19. !19Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Antiferromagnet with broken sublattice space-inversion symmetry: (Mn2Au)
Writing by Néel spin-orbit torque in a single-layer antiferromagnet
kx
ky
kx
ky
S=0
S=0
Sy≠0
Sy≠0
J || x
HSOT || z × J
HSOT || -z × J
Zelezny, Gao, Jungwirth,
JS PRL 2004
20. !20Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Antiferromagnet with broken sublattice space-inversion symmetry: (Mn2Au)
By
A
By
B
Bx
B
Bx
A
0 45 90 135 180
Φ (Degrees)
B(mT)(per107A/cm2)
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-90 -45 0 45 90
θ (Degrees)
B(mT)(per107A/cm2)
0.3
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.3
Bx
A
Bx
B
By
B
Bz
B
By
A
Bz
A
J || x
Zelezny, Gao, Jungwirth, JS
December PRL (2014)
Writing by Néel spin-orbit torque in a single-layer antiferromagnet
21. !21
How it works - kind of
Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
23. From prediction, to observation, to device in 1 one year!!
!23Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Works like this but
not done like this
Electrical read/write antiferromagnetic memory
Wadley, Jungwirth et al. Science ’16, Jungwirth, Marti, Wadley, Wunderlich, Nature Nanotech. ’16
30. Coexistence of Topological Dirac fermions and Néel
!30Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Can we control the relativistic fermions electrically?
?
+
Smejkal, Zelezny, Sinova, Jungwirth PRL (2017)
31. 31Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Model of AFM topological semimetal
[001] δs
A
δs
BA
B
[100]
[010]
J
YES!
Overlap of symmetry conditions
Dirac fermions AF spintronics
?
+
1. Two sites in unit cell
band crossing inversion-partner sites
→ staggered field
PT2. symmetry
Double band degeneracy
→ Dirac point
AF spin-sublattices
at inversion partner sites
32. Minimal lattice model: construction
!32Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Smejkal, Zelezny, Sinova, Jungwirth PRL (2017)
Kane-Mele spin-orbit coupling
A
B
A
B
33. Minimal lattice model: band structure
!33Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Smejkal, Zelezny, Sinova, Jungwirth PRL (2017)
Renormalization: 2D Dirac points —> 3D nodal lines
D2D1
34. Minimal lattice model: local symmetries
!34Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
P
PT + A, B noncentrosymmetric
P
Neel spin-orbit torque
z
x
Pseudovector/axial vector
PT
Smejkal, Jungwirth, Sinova PSS (2017)
35. Symmetry protection of Dirac points
!35Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
[100]
[010]
Mirror Translate
nonsymmorphic symmetry = point group + nontrivial translation
glide mirror plane Gx={Mx/(1/2,0,0)} Mx
at Gx invariant
subspace
36. !36Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Electrical control of Dirac fermions
Nonsymmorphic symmetry:
Screw axis+Glide plane
Demonstration of inplane Field like torque manipulation
Demonstration of (001) ! inplane Field like torque
tetra.
ortho.
38. !38Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Néel SOT in a single-
layer antiferromagnet
SUMMARY
SOT in a single-layer
ferromagnet
M MB −~eq
eff
Beff ⇠ pˆy
~E
Kurebayashi, et al.,
Nature Nanotech (2014)
JS,Valenzuela, Wunderlich, Back,
Jungwirth RMP (2015)
SHE and ISGE
Wadley, et al Science (2016)
Neel SOT physics (ii)Topological Dirac
Semi Metal+ AFM (i)
Topological Antiferromagnetic
Spin-orbitronics
Kurebayashi, et al.,
Nature Physics (2016)
Libor Smejkal, et al PRL (2017) and PSS (2017)
J. Zelezny, et al, PRL (2014)
J. Zelezny, et al, PRB (2016)
O. Gomonay, et al, PRL (2016)
Yu, et al. arXiv: 1706.02482 (2017)
Jungwirth, JS, et al, Nature Physics (AFM spintronics Reviews) (2018)
AHE in RuO2 (col-AFM)(iii)
39. !39Nano-front Magnetism —Madrid — Jairo Sinova
Smejkal, Zelezny, Gyles, Ciccarelli, Kläui, Gomonay, Wadley, Kampfrath, Jungwirth
Univ. of NottinghamInstitute of Physics Prague Univ. of Cambridge
MPI - Berlin
40. 40
3rd-7th of September 2018 - Mainz, Germany
9th
JEMS Conference 2018
Joint European Magnetic Symposia