This document discusses Indonesia's energy challenges and solutions. It notes that Indonesia has high fuel consumption and is increasingly reliant on imports due to production declines. However, Indonesia has substantial oil and gas reserves that could last over 12 years. The document recommends developing renewable energy sources like geothermal, hydropower, and solar to increase energy independence. It also suggests adopting higher vehicle emission standards to reduce pollution and moving to more sustainable energy can boost the economy. Overall, the document analyzes Indonesia's energy vulnerabilities and proposes developing domestic renewables and cleaner technologies.

1. MENJAWAB TANTANGAN KETAHANANMENJAWAB TANTANGAN KETAHANAN
ENERGI DAN PERUBAHAN IKLIMENERGI DAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Faisal BasriFaisal Basri
Yogyakarta, 23 Agustus 2016Yogyakarta, 23 Agustus 2016
https://leadershipfreak.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/turbulent-seas-2.jpg

2. Skyrocketing fuel consumption, the production slump,
making imports increasingly undermined the economy
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy.
Oil production: A mixture
of hydrocarbons that
exists in liquid phase in
natural underground
reservoirs and remains
liquid at atmospheric
pressure after passing
through surface
separating facilities.
Oil consumption: Inland
demand plus international
aviation and marine
bunkers and refinery fuel
and loss. Consumption of
biogasoline (such as
ethanol), biodiesel and
derivatives of coal and
natural gas are also
included.
1,398
(Exports)
-803
(Imports)

3. Indonesia: oil reserves and R/P ratio. In 2015
R/P ratio is 12
Source: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-full-report.pdf
Reserves-to-
production (R/P)
ratio – If the reserves
remaining at the end
of any year are
divided by the
production in that
year, the result is the
length of time that
those remaining
reserves would last if
production were to
continue at that rate.

4. Bauran energi membutuhkan komitmen dan
konsistensi kebijakan
Sumber: Kementerian ESDM (2015, DEN (2015) Sumber: PP No.79 Tahun 2014

5. Rekomendasi TRTKM
“Mendorong kemandirian energi dengan secara
sadar mengembangkan energi baru dan terbarukan,
prioritas pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga air
dan panas bumi, penggunaan biofuel sebagai bahan
bakar alat transportasi, dan pengembangan energi
surya.“
(Tim Reformasi Tata Kelola Minyak dan Gas Bumi
Nasional, REKOMENDASI AKHIR: MEMPERKOKOH
KELEMBAGAAN SEKTOR MIGAS INDONESIA)
https://faisalbasri01.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/rekomendasi_final.pdf

6. Masih saja menerapkan standar Euro 2 yang
sangat rendah untuk kendaraan bermotor
Euro 2 emission limits
(petrol):
•CO - 2.2 g/km
•HC+ NOx - 0.5 g/km
•PM (Particulate matter) - no
limit
Euro 2 emission limits
(diesel):
•CO - 1.0 g/km
•HC+ NOx - 0.7 g/km
•PM (Particulate matter) -
0.08 g/km
Euro 4 emission limits
(petrol):
•CO - 1.0 g/km
•HC - 0.10 g/km
•NOx - 0.08
•PM (Particulate matter) - no
limit
Euro 4 emission limits
(diesel):
•CO - 0.50 g/km
•HC+ NOx - 0.30 g/km
•NOx - 0.25 g/km
•PM (Particulate matter) -
0.025 g/km
Source: https://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/fuels-and-environment/euro-emissions-standards.html

7. Ramah lingkungan memajukan ekonomi
Source: http://rameznaam.com/2016/04/12/how-cheap-can-electric-vehicles-get/

8. Chile’s solar price hits record global low – at
half the price of coal
Source: http://inhabitat.com/chiles-solar-price-hits-record-global-low-at-half-the-price-of-coal/
For the first time, the price of solar power in Chile hit a record low
of $29.10 per megawatt hour (MWh) in an energy auction last week.
With solar technology becoming ever more affordable, places with
abundant sunshine will likely see contract prices continue to fall,
leading to even more low-price records..
Inhabitat.com, August 23, 2016.

9. Indonesia has one of the highest
concentrations of wealth
66.2
50.5
50.3
49.0
45.7
40.1
38.4
37.2
33.9
33.7
32.7
30.9
30.8
29.3
28.9
28.6
28.1
26.7
23.3
22.7
21.4
21.1
17.9
17.3
Russia
Thailand
Indonesia
India
Brazil
South Africa
United States
China
Korea
Mexico
Taiwan
Switzerland
Sweden
Denmark
Norway
Singapore
Germany
Greece
United Kingdom
Netherlands
France
Australia
Japan
Belgium
Share of total wealthheldbyrichest 1 percent of households(percent)
Source: World Bank, Indonesia’s Rising Divide, December 2015.
The richest 10% of Indonesians
own an estimated 77% of all
the country’s wealth

10. The crony-capitalism index
Where the living is easyWhere the living is easy
Rent-seeking sectors included in theRent-seeking sectors included in the
indexindex
•CasinosCasinos
•Coal, palm oil and timberCoal, palm oil and timber
•DefenseDefense
•Deposit-taking banking and investment bankingDeposit-taking banking and investment banking
•infrastructure and pipelinesinfrastructure and pipelines
•Oil, gas, chemicals and other energyOil, gas, chemicals and other energy
•Ports, airportsPorts, airports
•Real estate and constructionReal estate and construction
•Steel, other metals, mining and commoditiesSteel, other metals, mining and commodities
•Utilities and telecoms servicesUtilities and telecoms services
*Includes territories.
Source: The Economist, Daily chart: Comparing crony capitalism around the world (http://econ.st/24zXocy
).
Billionaire wealth as a % of GDP, ranked by crony-sector wealth, 2016

11. Terima Kasih
Email: faisal.basri@gmail.com
Twitter: @FaisalBasri
Blog: faisalbasri.com
Blog: kompasiana.com/faisalbasri