Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) refers to a suite of technologies that play an important role in meeting global energy and climate goals by capturing carbon dioxide emissions from large point sources like power plants and industrial facilities before they are released into the atmosphere. The captured CO2 can be stored permanently underground or utilized in various industrial processes. CCUS helps decarbonize industries and power generation while reducing their climate impact. However, fully realizing CCUS potential requires investing in research and development as well as supportive policies and regulations.

1. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE-
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Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is considered an crucial technology in
meeting global energy and climate goals.
It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from large point sources such as power plants
and industrial facilities by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) before it is released into the
atmosphere and storing it permanently.
This can help to decarbonize industries and power generation, reducing their impact on
the climate.
Additionally, some CCUS technologies allow the captured CO2 to be utilized as a feedstock
in various industrial processes, further reducing emissions and increasing efficiency.
To fully realize the potential of CCUS, it is essential to invest in research and development,
promote the deployment of existing technologies, and create supportive policies and
regulations.

2. CCUS –Global Energy and Climate Goals
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Global energy and climate goals refer to the objectives set by international organizations, governments, and
other stakeholders to address the impacts of energy production and consumption on the environment and to
mitigate the effects of climate change. Some of the most commonly cited goals include:
Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: The primary goal of many energy and climate initiatives is to reduce
the emission of GHGs,.
Increasing the use of renewable energy sources: Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power,
produce significantly lower GHG emissions compared to fossil fuels, and play a critical role in reducing emissions
and mitigating the impact of energy production on the environment.
Improving energy efficiency: Energy efficiency measures aim to reduce the amount of energy required to
perform a given task, thereby reducing energy consumption and emissions.
Decarbonizing the power sector: The power sector is one of the largest sources of GHG emissions, and
decarbonizing it is a critical part of achieving global energy and climate goals.
Developing sustainable transportation: Developing sustainable transportation technologies and practices is an
important part of reducing emissions and mitigating the impact of human activities on the environment.
These goals are often supported by international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit
the rise in global temperatures and to keep them well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels

3. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE-
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• Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) refers to a suite of technologies
which play an important and diverse role in meeting global energy and climate
goals.
• CCUS involves the capture of CO2 from large point sources, including power
generation or industrial facilities that use either fossil fuels or biomass for fuel.
• The CO2 can also be captured directly from the atmosphere.
• If not being used on-site, the captured CO2 is compressed and transported by
pipeline, ship, rail or truck to be used in a range of applications,
• or injected into deep geological formations (including depleted oil and gas reservoirs
or saline formations) which trap the CO2 for permanent storage1.
• CCUS technologies provides the carbon removal when CO2 comes from bio mass or
fossil fuels or directly from air (DAC).

4. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE-
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5. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE-
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN(Non-commercial)
• Energy consumption patterns are shaped by a number of factors including population density,
economic development, and climate.
• In India, traditional biomass, including fuelwood, charcoal, agricultural waste, and dung, is a
significant source of energy, particularly in rural areas. According to the International Energy
Agency (IEA), traditional biomass accounts for around 12% of India's total primary energy
consumption.
• On a global scale, traditional biomass is also a significant source of energy, particularly in
developing countries. According to the IEA, traditional biomass accounts for around 10% of
global primary energy consumption.
• Sub-Saharan Africa, traditional biomass accounts for around 40% of total primary energy
consumption
• South Asia, it accounts for around 30%.
• Developed countries, traditional biomass accounts for less than 5% of total primary energy
consumption.
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6. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE-
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN( Primary Commercial)
• In India, the majority of energy consumption is in the Industrial and Transportation sectors.
Industrial sector, (manufacturing, construction, and mining) accounts for around 50% of total
energy consumption.
• Transportation sector, ( road, rail, and air travel) accounts for around 25%.
• Residential and Commercial sectors account for around 15% and 10% of total energy
consumption, respectively.
• Commercial energy demand is also expected to increase significantly from the present levels,
i.e., 25-30% by 2030 and 60-70% by 2040 (IEA, India Energy Outlook, 2021).
• India has set ambitious targets to increase the share of renewable energy in its energy mix,
with a goal of achieving 40% of installed power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.
• Government policies and private investments aimed at promoting renewable energy
development in the country, as well as increasing energy efficiency and conservation
measures, are expected to play a key role in shaping the country's energy consumption
patterns in the coming years.
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7. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE- CO2 Emission
• India is the 3rd largest emitter of CO2 in the world after China and the US, with
estimated emissions of 2.6 Gigatonne per annum (gtpa) in 2019, which marginally
reduced to 2.45 Gtpa in 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• India’s per capita CO2 emissions are about 1.9 tonnes per annum, which is less
than 40% of the global average and about one-fourth of that of China.
• With rapid economic growth, infrastructure and industrial development, as well as a
growing population (expected to overtake China in the next decade and cross 1.50 billion
by 2036), the total CO2 emissions is expected to cross 4 gtpa by the year 2030.
• The sectoral break-up of the CO2 emissions reveals that while renewable energy is
making great strides in India, it can theoretically contribute at most 30% of the
desired decarbonization by replacing fossil fuel-based power generation.
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8. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE
- Sectorwise Emission Analysis
The 70% Emissions Challenge
~70%
Industry
2.6
gtpa
Agriculture 20
India Transport 10
Building 5
Electricity ~30%
31%
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9. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE
- EmissionTypes
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Direct or scope 1 emissions: Emissions from the
production process from the combustion of fuel. This
typically occurs within the plant/facility premises.
In-direct or scope 2 emissions: Emission associated with the
purchase of utilities. This is generally an emission outside the
plant boundary.
In-direct or scope 3 emissions: Indirect emissions are
associated with the entire value chain, starting from equipment
purchase, construction works, raw material sourcing and
product dispatch.
India’s power and industrial sectors contributed around 1,600
mtpa of CO2 emission (around 60%) out of 2,600 mtpa in 2020.
Remaining 40% CO2 emissions are contributed by distributed
point emissions sources like agriculture, transport, and
buildings .CCUS are not applicable to such sources.

10. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE Emission Factor
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Emission factors are calculations that estimate the amount of greenhouse
gases (GHGs), such as CO2, produced per unit of activity. Some commonly
used emission factors include:
Energy production:
Coal: 0.9 to 1.1 metric tons of CO2 per MWh
Natural gas: 0.5 to 0.6 metric tons of CO2 per MWh
Oil: 0.8 to 1.0 metric tons of CO2 per MWh
Transportation:
Cars: 4.6 metric tons of CO2 per vehicle per year
Light-duty trucks: 5.5 metric tons of CO2 per vehicle per year
Airplanes: 0.2 to 0.3 metric tons of CO2 per passenger mile

11. CARBON CAPTURE,UTILISATION AND STORAGE -Emission Factor
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Agriculture and forestry:
Enteric fermentation (digestion by livestock): 0.6 to 1.5 metric tons of CO2 per
animal per year
Manure management: 0.2 to 0.4 metric tons of CO2 per animal per year
Agricultural soil management: 0.1 to 0.3 metric tons of CO2 per hectare per year
Industrial processes:
Cement production: 0.8 to 1.0 metric tons of CO2 per metric ton of cement
produced
Chemical manufacturing: 0.2 to 0.5 metric tons of CO2 per metric ton of product
produced
Waste management:
Landfills: 0.02 to 0.05 metric tons of CO2 per metric ton of waste disposed
Incinerators: 0.05 to 0.1 metric tons of CO2 per metric ton of waste burned
These are general estimates and can vary based on factors such as location, technology, and regulations. It is
always best to consult with relevant government agencies or industry organizations for the most up-to-date and
accurate information.