In order to expand applications into clean technology there is a requirement for rare metals. This presentation looks at clean technology raw materials market including issues facing the market.

1. CLEAN TECHNOLOGY- RAW
MATERIALS – MARKET -
CANADA – JUNE 2019
BY: PAUL YOUNG, CPA, CGA
DATE: JUNE 18, 2019

2. • This presentation is one perspective on Clean Technology Raw Materials for Canada

3. PAUL YOUNG - PRESENTER
Bio
• CPA/CGA
• 25 years of experience in Academia, Industry and Financial solutions
• Youtube Channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAArky1bAXPSuV2NLtUnyLg

4. AGENDA
• Energy Storage Market
• Electrical Car
• Rare Metal Production
• Lithium Production
• Vanadium Production
• Graphite production
• Copper Production
• Canada Raw Materials
• Canada Market and Issues
• Blog – Canada North
• Blog – Carbon Tax / Canada
• Blog – Canada and Climate Change
• Trade Protectionism
• Environment and Rare Metals

5. ENERGY STORAGE MARKET
Source - https://www.pv-magazine.com/2019/05/06/battery-storage-market-will-be-
worth-13-billion-by-2023/

6. ELECTRICAL VEHICLE
• There are allot of misconceptions about electrical vehicles
• Many countries generate their power from coal or other combustible fuels
• Mining rare metals includes the use of child labor
• Batteries have issues with temperatures.
• Lack of plug-in stations
• CO2 issues / https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2019-04-21/new-study-shocks-electric-cars-considerably-
worse-climate-diesel-cars?fbclid=IwAR1ENk4M-LsGv8rQcP6qBTZOnYqr58dcatNApRBoeX5TbLdEGPqYT0eRQEI
• Human rights violations - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/03/the-dirty-secret-of-electric-vehicles/
Source - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-election-electrical-vehicles-canada-june-2019

7. ELECTRICAL CAR
RAW MATERIAL
• Source - http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Electric-Automobile.html

8. ELECTRICAL BATTERY COST
• http://www.industryweek.com/energy/electric-cars-soon-will-cost-less-gasoline-autos-research-
shows?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IWNews+%28IndustryWeek+Most+Recent+News%29&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1_b&NL=IW-07
Now research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance indicates
that falling battery costs will mean electric vehicles will also be
cheaper to buy in the U.S. and Europe as soon as 2025.
Batteries currently account for about half the cost of EVs, and
their prices will fall by about 77% between 2016 and 2030, the
London-based researcher said.
“On an upfront basis, these things will start to get cheaper and
people will start to adopt them more as price parity gets
closer,” said Colin McKerracher, analyst at the London-based
researcher. “After that it gets even more compelling.”

9. ELECTRICAL CAR
BATTERY
Source - https://cleantechnica.com/2015/05/06/10-biggest-electric-car-battery-
manufacturers-are/

10. MARKET PRODUCTION – RARE METALS
1. China - Mine Production: 105,000 tons
2. Australia - Mine Production: 10,000 tons
3. United States - Mine Production: 4,100 tons
4. Russia – Russia - Mine Production: 2,500 tons
5. Thailand - Mine Production: 1,100 tons
6. Malaysia - Mine Production: 200 tons

11. LITHIUM PRODUCTION
1. Australia - Mine production: 13,400 MT
2. Chile - Mine production: 12,900 MT
3. Argentina - Mine production: 3,800 MT
4. China - Mine production: 2,200 MT
5. Zimbabwe - Mine production: 900 MT

12. VANADIUM - PRODUCTION
1. China - Mine production - 42,000 MT
2. South Africa - Mine production - 19,000 MT
3. Russia - Mine production - 15,000 MT
4. Brazil – Mine Production – 2,800 MT

13. GRAPHENE - PRODUCTION
1. China - Mine production - 780,000 MT
2. India - Mine production -170,000 MT
3. Brazil - Mine production - 80,000 MT
4. Turkey - Mine production - 32,000 MT
5. Canada - Mine production - 32,000 MT

14. COPPER PRODUCTION
Source - https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/base-metals-investing/copper-investing/bhp-expand-copper-exploration-ev-demand/?mqsc=E3917814
Copper demand is forecast to increase significantly as demand for
electric vehicles surges to 140 million by 2035 from about 1 million
today, Danny Malchuk, president of operations at BHP’s Minerals
Americas division, said on Wednesday (November 1).
“We want more copper resources in our portfolio. And we believe the
most valuable pathway to achieving this is through exploration, the
drill bit,” added Malchuk, speaking at a Bloomberg forum.

15. CANADA MINING – CLEAN TECHNOLOGY METALS
• Canadian industry want to secure 20% of global supply by 2018. At the moment China produces some 90% of
the world's rare earths – used in a variety of industries including green technology, defence systems and
consumer electronics – and imposes export quotas. Frontrunners among Canadian juniors racing to build the
country's first rare earth mine include Rare Element Resources (TSE:RES), Avalon Rare Metals (TSE:AVL) and
Quest Rare Minerals (TSX:QRM) while Saskatoon-based Great Western Minerals (CVE:GWG) is
recommissioning the Steenkampskraal mine in South Africa with Chinese backing.
• Canada hosts vanadium deposits in locations such as Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. Total reserves are
unknown at this time, but plenty of companies are working in the country to develop projects
• Lithium projects – Manitoba, NWT, Ontario and Quebec
• Graphite – New Brunswick

16. CANADA CLEAN TECH MARKET
Key Programs
• SDTC
• Trade/FIPA
• Provincial Funds
for Clean
Technology
Market Size /Clean
Technology
• $50B (estimated 2017)
Market Growth
• 10% or about
$4.4B/year
• Technology evolving
(storage, microgrids,
solar, advance
materials, etc)
Downsize Risk
• Ability to commercialize
• Projects have to be profitable without Government Grants
• Access to raw materials
• Access to skills / Training
• Trade/FIPA Agreements
• The requirement for Carbon (mining to installation)

17. CANADA GOVERNMENT
• The battery technology, which uses liquid electrolyte, offers a handful of advantages
over traditional solid batteries, particularly for grid-scale applications. Producers still
need to bring V2O5 costs down considerably to make the storage solution cost-
competitive, according to NRC.
• While vanadium pentoxide can be mined, produced during steel manufacturing or from
catalysts, ash and other residues, there is currently no primary producer of the
compound in Canada.
• Quebec’s VanadiumCorp Resource Inc. is one example of a Canadian company
developing a production site; it is currently working to secure financing to start
construction on a mine outside Chibougamau, Que. Source -
http://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/environment-and-safety/anti-carbon-tax-
environmental-groups-call-end-fossil-fuel-subsidies-179037/

18. BLOG – CANADA NORTH
• https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/regulation/n-w-t-premier-says-south-stop-calling-shots-northern-
development-203703/
•
• McLeod said $2.6 billion in planned investments in offshore exploration disappeared with the onset of Trudeau’s
moratorium and yet Canada hasn’t come to the table with any aid to replace that.
• He said welfare rolls grew in the time since and the population is declining as young people in particular head
south to find jobs that don’t exist in the Northwest Territories.
• Resources and the energy sector account for about 40 per cent of the economy of the Northwest Territories.
•
• Mr. McLeod should be very leery as Trudeau named a new policy adviser to his Natural Resource Policy team. The
person is formerly tied to Tides Foundation - https://www.hilltimes.com/2017/08/21/new-environment-natural-
resources-policy-adviser-joins-pmo/116282. Sarah Goodman was with the Tides Foundation -
http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/tides-canada-names-sarah-goodman-vice-president-business-
development-and-services-537415491.html
•
• Many jurisdictions have put pro-green agenda ahead of development of natural resources as such mine rankings
for provinces and territories has fallen over the past few years. https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/annual-
survey-of-mining-companies-2016

19. CANADA CARBON TAX
• RBC did this report on carbon tax. The issue is RBC is trying to be political correct as they appear to be on the fence with their analysis.
http://www.rbc.com/economics/economic-reports/pdf/other-reports/Carbon_October2017.pdf
•
• The reality is emissions will not go down as that has been proven elsewhere in the world like Australia. Why am I using Australia? Australia
removed carbon tax as it was costing the economy and doing little to reduce emissions -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/australia-vs-canada-october-2017 or http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/australia-s-carbon-tax-
repealed-after-2-years-1.2709642
•
• The other issue missing in the analysis is that carbon tax impact to GDP growth. Carbon tax will take approximately $3B out of the
economy. http://business.financialpost.com/commodities/energy/ottawas-carbon-tax-plan-to-shrink-economy-by-3-billion-hurt-loonie-in-
2018-study
•
• The person is formerly tied to Tides Foundation - https://www.hilltimes.com/2017/08/21/new-environment-natural-resources-policy-
adviser-joins-pmo/116282. Sarah Goodman was with the Tides Foundation - http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/tides-canada-names-
sarah-goodman-vice-president-business-development-and-services-537415491.html
•
• Many jurisdictions have put pro-green agenda ahead of development of natural resources as such mine rankings for provinces and
territories has fallen over the past few years. https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/annual-survey-of-mining-companies-2016
•

20. BLOG – CANADA AND CLIMATE CHANGE
• @CameronAhmad @JustinTrudeau @cathmckenna
https://business.financialpost.com/opinion/ross-mckitrick-this-scientist-proved-climate-change-isnt-causing-extreme-weather-so-politicians-
attacked?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR0QkZnh5FSKJQcPKr6FJ_mZJcgDiVhLXvEdt_bBgrGwVrDvJ
QZpjs4LR2g#Echobox=1559903499
@PremierScottMoe @fordnation @jkenney @BlaineHiggs @Brian_Pallister @PEIPCParty
Liberals are pushing agenda 2030 at all cost!
• How so? I think there is a need for companies to look at their zero waste and/or waste to fuel systems. Some of these changes could be done via
companies adopting equipment that helps them better managed their waste including recycling it. CCA could be changed to include capital
equipment used as part of recycling, reduce and reuse!
• How are carbon tax, banning plastics, etc. going to fix the issues with environment in countries like LAOS or China or Vietnam or India?
• Carbon Tax
• https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/art-of-taxing-pollution-canada-environment (see slide 46)
• or
• All angles of environment
• https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-election-climate-change-and-the-environment-canada
•
• The AG said cap and trade never resulted in emissions reduction - https://globalnews.ca/news/3097838/cap-and-trade-to-cost-people-business-
8b-in-first-years-auditor/
•

21. RARE METALS /
PROTECTIONISM
Source -
https://www.economist.com/china/2
019/06/15/rare-earths-give-china-
leverage-in-the-trade-war-at-a-
cost?fsrc=scn/tw/te/rfd/pe

22. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATIONAL SECURITY / RARE METALS
Source -
https://www.theguardian.com/sustain
able-business/rare-earth-mining-
china-social-environmental-costs
Source - https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/446951-
time-to-capitalize-on-rare-earth-abundance-in-the-united-
states

23. WHAT’S NEXT
• WTO needs to step up its reforms including dispute mechanism, environmental policies and business subsidies
• China needs to clean up its’ act on the environment, especially mining practices -
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3012641/chinese-scientists-find-faster-way-extract-rare-earths-may-
also
• Clean Technology needs to be viable - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-election-clean-technology-and-
climate-canada-june-2019
• All governments need to get better balance between the environment and the economy –
• Canada / Natural Resources - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/2019-election-climate-change-canada-june-2019
• Environmental Ranking - https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/epi-topline
• Other countries need to step up their on internal mining of rare metals –
• Ontario - https://www.mining.com/rare-earths-metals-provide-ontario-with-a-rare-economic-opportunity-2/
• Rare Metals Mining - https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/critical-metals-investing/rare-earth-investing/rare-earth-
producing-countries/

24. OTHER SOURCES:
• http://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/government-policies-sustainable-development-technology-
corporation-cleantech-canada
• http://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/government-policy-clean-technology-canada-programs-and-
market-information