This document provides details on the design of a 210 million liter per day sewage treatment plant. It discusses the need for the plant to treat sewage and prevent pollution. It then describes the three main stages of sewage treatment - primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment involves removing solids and debris. Secondary treatment uses microorganisms to break down dissolved organic matter. Tertiary treatment further polishes the water with methods like filtration and chlorination before discharge.

1. Design Of 210 Mld Sewage Treatment
Plant
 Submitted By:
 Agraj Tiwari
 Anurag Rawat
 Arun Kumar
 Pradyumn Sharma
 Ravi Zeem
 Under the guidence of:
 Miss Renu Sharma
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Allenhouse Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow (UP) INDIA
A Presentation of project
On

2. INTRODUCTION
 Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream and
a solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse .
 The objective of sewage treatment is to produce a disposable effluent
without causing harm to the surrounding environment, and prevent
pollution.
 Sewage is a major carrier of disease (from human wastes) and toxins (from
industrial wastes). The safe treatment of sewage is thus crucial to the health of
any community. This article focuses on the complex physical and biological
treatments used to render sewage both biologically and chemically harmless.

3. NEED OF PROJECT
 In recent years, with increasing awareness of sewage system effects on the
environment, technology has advanced with the introduction of reticulated
pipe work systems collecting sewage from both domestic and industrial
sources, transfer of collected sewerage to a central treatment facility, and
state of the art treatment technology to ensure that discharge to streams and
disposal of by products wastes do not threaten to environment. Typical
residential water usage is from 75 to 100 gallons per person day. Seventy-
three percent is connected to a centralized wastewater collection and
treatment system, while remaining 27% uses on site.
 This project also suit objectives of “Ganga Action Plan” which is excuted
by Central Government Of India for decreasing pollution level in holly river
Ganga.
 We can recycle the wastewater and reuse that recycled water according to
their treated values.

4. IMPORTANCE OF SEWAGE WATER
TREATMENT PLANT:-
 It is very important to provide some degree of treatment to wastewater before
it can be used for agricultural or landscape irrigation or for aquaculture.
 The principal objective of sewage treatment is generally to allow human
effluents to be disposed of without danger to human health or unacceptable
damage to the natural environment.
 According to a research, a large number of people die from water born
diseases in most of the developing countries. Therefore, it is very important to
get the proper treatment of the water for a healthy living.

5. Water Related Diseases and Their
Causes
Bacteria
• E. coli
• Salmonella typhi
• Shigella spp.
• Yersinia
enterocolitica
Viruses
• Hepatitis A/E
virus
• Adenovirus
• Enterovirus
• Rotavirus
E. coli bacteria Hepatitis A
Virus
Diseases
• Diarrhea
• Arsenicosis
• Fluorosis
• Schistosomiasis
• Intestinal Worms
• Guinea Worm
• Hepatitis
• Cholera
• Malaria
• Trachoma
• Typhoid

6. WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCEDURE
Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, mainly are
 PRIMARY TREATMENT
 SECONDARY TREATMENT
 TERTIARY TREATMENT

7. 3 stages of water treatment
Primary
solids are separated
Secondary
dissolved biological matter is converted into a solid mass
by using water-borne bacteria
95% of the suspended molecules should be removed
Tertiary
biological solids are neutralized then disposed, and
treated water may be disinfected chemically or physically

8. Types of treatment
 Mechanical treatment
 Influx (Influent)
 Removal of large objects
 Removal of sand and grit
 Primary Sedimentation
Chemical treatment
 Disinfection
 Biological treatment
 Trickling bed filter
 Activated sludge

9. TYPES OF THE TREATMENT
PROCESS

10. PRIMARY TREATMENT
 Primary treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from the
raw sewage before they damage or clog the pumps and sewage lines of
primary treatment clarifiers trash, tree limbs, leaves, branches etc..
 The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid
may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment.
 The primary treatment system includes all the units of the preliminary
treatment system and the Primary Sedimentation Tank (PST), also known
as the primary clarifier. When only these units are provided for treatment it is
called primary treatment of wastewater. Fig. shows a schematic diagram of a
typical primary treatment system.

11. PRIMARY TREATMENT
These methods are used in the treatment process
 BAR SCREENING
 GRIT REMOVAL PROCESS
 SEDIMENTAION
 CHLORINATION

12. BAR SCREENING
 The influent sewage water
passes through a bar screen to
remove all large objects like
cans, rags, sticks, plastic
packets etc. carried in the
sewage stream. This is most
commonly done with an
automated mechanically raked
bar screen in modern plants
serving large populations,
whilst in smaller or less modern
plants, a manually cleaned
screen may be used.

13. GRIT REMOVAL PROCESS
 Pre-treatment may include
a sand or grit channel or
chamber, where the
velocity of the incoming
sewage is adjusted to
allow the settlement of
sand, grit, stones, and
broken glass. These
particles are removed
because they may damage
pumps and other
equipment.

14. Sedimentation
 Sedimentation is the removal of suspended particles
by gravitational settling. Sedimentation tanks are
designed to reduce the velocity of flow of water so as
to permit suspended solids to settle out of water by
gravity.
 There are two sedimentation processes such as:
 Plain Sedimentation
 Sedimentation with Coagulation (Clarification)
 Chemical precipitation

15. Sedimentation

16. SECONDARY TREATMENT
 Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter.
Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-borne
micro-organisms in a managed habitat.
 Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-
organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment.

18. SECONDARY TREATMENT
There are some treatments used in this method
ACTIVATED SLUDGE REMOVAL
HIGH RATE TRICLING FILTERS
ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTRACTORS

19. WHAT IS UASB
 Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology
 It is a form of anaerobic digester.
 The UASB reactor is a methanogenic (methane-producing)
 UASB is the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) digester.
 The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the
blanket with the aid of flocculants.

20. • Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product.
• The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid)
retention time in the digesters.
• Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for
periods up to 90 days.

21. Material and Construction of UASB
Reactors
 The modification incorporated in the 14 mld UASB plant at Mirzapur
constructed in 1989 over that 5 Mld UASB plant at Kanpur under GAP were
in the selection & introduction of Fibre Reinforced Plastic(FRP)(bisphenol
resin) rectify corrosion problems and resulting in longer durability.
 In other UASBs, further necessary improvements were incorporated, such as,
improvement in fixing of FRP feed inlet boxes, Gas Liquid Solids Separator
(GLSS), change in design of deflector beam, selection of most appropriate
material with respect to durability and costs etc.

22. • The main structure of UASB reactor being constructed at various places in
India and various developing countries is with RCC, the inside surface was
coated with epoxy paint as a protective layer to avoid corrosion due to
formation of H2S and CO2. FRP of isothelic resin class gas hoods and domes
have been provided in the GLSS.
• The purpose of use of FRP was because of easy construction, light weight,
anti-corrosion and simple maintenance. The feeding boxes, effluent gutters,
baffle plates and gas collection pipes are also constructed with FRP material.

23. Secondary sedimentation tank

24. ACTIVATED SLUDGE
 In general, activated sludge plants encompass a variety of mechanisms and
processes that use dissolved oxygen to promote the growth of biological flock
that substantially removes organic material.

25. HIGH RATE TRICKLING FILTERS
 In older plants and those receiving
variable loadings, trickling filter beds are
used where the settled sewage liquor is
spread onto the surface of a bed made up
of coke, limestone chips or specially
fabricated plastic media.
 Biological films of bacteria, protozoa and
fungi form on the media’s surfaces and
eat or otherwise reduce the organic
content.

26. ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS
Rotating biological contactor contain a number of rotating discs on a shaft
submerged in a tank partially or completely filled with liquid, bio-film grows in
immobilized form on the surface of a large number of closely spaced discs partially
in the air space above the reactor.

27. TERTIARY TREATMENT
 The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage
to raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving
environment (sea, river, lake, ground, etc.). More than one tertiary
treatment process may be used at any treatment plant.
 If disinfection is practiced, it is always the final process. It is also called
"effluent polishing."

28. TERTIARY TREATMENT
There are few treatment process done in this method
FILTERATION
SLUDGE DRYING BED
CHLORINATION

29. FILTRATION
 When water flows through a porous ,or open-textured, medium such as sand,
some of the suspended and colloidal impurities in water are left behind in the
pores or openings or upon the medium itself. This process of separating
impurities is called filtration.
 In filtration process, generally we have to types of filters
a. Slow sand filter
b. Rapid sand filter
 Sand filtration removes much of the residual suspended matter. Filtration over
activated carbon, also called carbon adsorption, removes residual toxins.

30. Slow Sand Filter

31. Rapid Sand Filter

32. SLUDGE DRYING BED
When a liquid sludge is produced, further treatment may be required to make it
suitable for final disposal. Typically, sludge's are thickened (dewatered) to reduce
the volumes transported off-site for disposal. There is no process which
completely eliminates the need to dispose of bio solids.

33. CHLORINATION
 Chlorination is a water treatment that destroys disease-causing bacteria,
nuisance bacteria, parasites and other organisms. Chlorination also oxidizes
iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide so they can be filtered out.

34. Process Design Calculation
 BASIC DATA FLOW :-
TOTAL FLOW TO PLANT 210 MLD
8750 cum/hr
2.431 cum/sec
PEAK FLOW 420 MLD
17500 cum/hr
4.861 cum/sec
MINIMUM DESIGN FLOW 84 MLD
3500 cum/hr
0.972 cum/sec

35.  SITE INFORMATION :-
GENERAL GROUN LEVELAT
SITE
118.5-120.0 m above MSL
H.F.L OF RIVER PANDU 119.610 m
R.L OF TOP OF RISING MAIN AT
INLET CHAMBER
127.640 m
R.L OF BOTTEM OF TREATED
EFFUELENT CHANNEL
119.900 m
FGL AT STP SITE 121.0-119.9 m
SUB SOIL WATER LEVEL 6.000 m BGL

36.  BASIC DATA ON INFLUENT
CHARACTERISTICS :-
AVERAGE INLET BOD ( 5 DAYS
@20 ‘C
322 mg-L
AVERAGE INLET BOD LOAD 67620 kg/ Day
AVERAGE INLET COD 523 mg/l
AVERAGE INLET SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
418 mg/l
PH OF INFLUENT 7.7
SULPHATE 52.3 mg/l
SULPHATE 25 mg/l

37.  DESIRED TREATED EFFLUENT QUALITY :-
DESIRED EFFLUENT BOD TO
BE LESS THAN
30 mg/l
DESIRED EFFLUENT
SUSPENDED SOLIDS TO BE
LESS THAN
50 mg/l
DESIRED EFFLENT SULPHIDES
TO BE LESS THAN
2 mg/l
FECAL COLIFORM COUNT
AFTER CHLORINATAION
10000 MPN/100 ml

38.  UNIT SIZE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT:-
DESIGN OF INLET CHAMBER -----
DESIGN PEAK FLOW 4.861 cum/sec
NO. OF CHAMBER 1
RETENTION PERIOD 30 sec
VOLUME REQUIRED 146 cumec
LENGTH OF CHAMBER 15.44 m
WIDTH OF CHAMBER 2.25 m
AREA OF CHAMBER 34.74 sq-m
DEPTH REQUIRED 4.2 m

39.  DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SCREEN
CHAMBER :-
NOS OF MECHANICAL SCREEN CHANNEL 3 NOS
ANGLE OF INCLINATION 40 Deg.
SIZE OF SS BAS 40 mm WIDE
THICKNESS 2 mm THICK
WIDTH OF CLEAR OPENING b/w BARS 3 mm
CLEAR SURFACE AREA OF OPENING AT
PEAK FLOW
1.620 sq-m
INCLINED DEPTH 1.69 m
TOTAL WIDTH OF OPENINGS REQUIRED
WITH INCLINATION
1.43 m
NOS OF BARS REQUIRED 478 NOS
NOS OF OPENING REQUIRED 477 NOS
WIDTH OF CHANNEL REQUIRED 2.64 m
SIZE OF CHANNEL PROVIDED 2.64 * 1.2LD
VELOCITY THROUGH CHANNEL AVG.
FLOW
0.25 m/sec

40. Questions