The document summarizes major changes in the 2015 edition of NFPA 70E: Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Key changes include replacing terms like "harm" and "probablility" with more accurate terms, expanding definitions of terms like "qualified person" and "risk assessment", strengthening electrical safety program requirements, expanding training requirements, and modifying shock and arc flash risk assessment procedures and PPE categories. Changes aim to improve safety for electrical work by providing clearer guidance and better alignment with other safety standards.
An arc blast or flash can occur when workers service electrical power, transmission, and distribution systems using high voltage. It is important to understand the OSHA, NFPA, IEEE and NEC requirements as well as the hierarchy of controls to reduce the risk. Understanding how to calculate a flash analysis to determine the protection boundaries, train workers on the hazards of high voltage electricity and use of personal protective equipment and clothing, and using the right tools for the job are all important steps. Learn more about arc blast/flash in this presentation. If you need advice or help with electrical safety, contact our staff of CSPs at The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc. We have past performance working with contractors near powerlines and underground utilities.
Practical Arc Flash Protection for Electrical Safety ProfessionalsLiving Online
Electrical safety is an important issue for those working on electrical facilities in utility networks and large industrial installations. A number of serious accidents including fatalities occur every year due to accidents involving electricity resulting in huge financial losses and wasted man-hours. Arc flashes in electrical equipment are now considered one of the major causes of electrical accidents even surpassing the well known hazards of electric shock. Avoiding arc flash incidents and the resulting injuries is one of major challenges today facing electrical workers and requires adequate attention in the stages of system planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance.
Injuries due to arc flash can depend on many factors, one of which is the incident thermal energy on a worker exposed to a flash. Today, a considerable body of knowledge exists as a result of research efforts and is available to designers and maintenance engineers in the form of standards such as IEEE 1584 and NFPA 70E. This workshop will detail the basis of this approach and also about the major advances that have been made in the area of PPE made of FR fabrics and rated for different levels of thermal exposure.
Prevention however still remains the best form of protection and switchgear manufacturers have made considerable design advances to ensure that the effect of arc flash incidents is contained within the enclosure of switchgear (often called arc flash resistant switchgear) and methods of testing such switchgear have also evolved simultaneously. Another important factor is the approach to avoid arc incidents within the switchgear by proper design and maintenance and techniques to reduce the severity of the flash should such incidents occur.
These would form the key focus areas of this workshop.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-arc-flash-protection-electrical-safety-professionals-22
An arc blast or flash can occur when workers service electrical power, transmission, and distribution systems using high voltage. It is important to understand the OSHA, NFPA, IEEE and NEC requirements as well as the hierarchy of controls to reduce the risk. Understanding how to calculate a flash analysis to determine the protection boundaries, train workers on the hazards of high voltage electricity and use of personal protective equipment and clothing, and using the right tools for the job are all important steps. Learn more about arc blast/flash in this presentation. If you need advice or help with electrical safety, contact our staff of CSPs at The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc. We have past performance working with contractors near powerlines and underground utilities.
Practical Arc Flash Protection for Electrical Safety ProfessionalsLiving Online
Electrical safety is an important issue for those working on electrical facilities in utility networks and large industrial installations. A number of serious accidents including fatalities occur every year due to accidents involving electricity resulting in huge financial losses and wasted man-hours. Arc flashes in electrical equipment are now considered one of the major causes of electrical accidents even surpassing the well known hazards of electric shock. Avoiding arc flash incidents and the resulting injuries is one of major challenges today facing electrical workers and requires adequate attention in the stages of system planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance.
Injuries due to arc flash can depend on many factors, one of which is the incident thermal energy on a worker exposed to a flash. Today, a considerable body of knowledge exists as a result of research efforts and is available to designers and maintenance engineers in the form of standards such as IEEE 1584 and NFPA 70E. This workshop will detail the basis of this approach and also about the major advances that have been made in the area of PPE made of FR fabrics and rated for different levels of thermal exposure.
Prevention however still remains the best form of protection and switchgear manufacturers have made considerable design advances to ensure that the effect of arc flash incidents is contained within the enclosure of switchgear (often called arc flash resistant switchgear) and methods of testing such switchgear have also evolved simultaneously. Another important factor is the approach to avoid arc incidents within the switchgear by proper design and maintenance and techniques to reduce the severity of the flash should such incidents occur.
These would form the key focus areas of this workshop.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-arc-flash-protection-electrical-safety-professionals-22
This training presentation covers the basic on arc flash and other electrical hazards, including the effects of an arc flash incident and how to determine shock and flash protection boundaries for a safe workplace
Arc flash typically occurs when the electrical insulation or isolation between live conductors is severed or can no longer withstand the applied voltage. Near the high power electrical equipment, the short-circuit power available is high and consequently so is the energy associated with the electrical arc in case of a fault.
In Europe, regulation and standardization are mainly aimed at protecting workers against the risks of direct contact during work and interventions on and near electrical installations. The risks in the case of electric arc and the means to prevent them are mentioned but not developed.The effects of the electric arc:
The electric arc produces intense light and heat, high noise, high overpressure
Heat and splashes of molten metal can cause lethal burns
Noise can lead to permanent or temporary hearing loss, a flash of vision disorders
The overpressure can open and project the doors of electrical cabinets or cause falls during work at height
In addition to personal injury, an arc flash can result in serious damage to electrical equipment. which can cause disruption to electrical systems in manufacturing and process industry environments or tertiary buildings. The cost of downtime can be considerable. elec calc™ Arc Flash module provides the professionals of the electrical industry with a fundamental tool in the sector, as the user will be able to develop its safety analysis in the vicinity of switchboards and panels. By design, elec calc™ has almost all the data allowing the calculation of the figures of the arc flash, from which the user will be able to elaborate his security analysis near the tables and boxes.
Arc flash incidents can be costly in terms of personnel injury and equipment repair/replacement. This presentation provides an overview of the NFPA 70E 2012 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and the requirements of the standards, which are intended to better protect electrical workers from injury when they work on energized electrical equipment. This includes all aspects of facility and employer responsibilities for compliance to the NFPA 70E standards, as well as the current status of OSHA enforcement of these standards. Copyright AIST Reprinted with Permission.
The electrical arc creates a pressure wave. The incident energy is the energy of this arc-flash coming into contact with a surface. Essentially an electric arc creates a radiation burn which accounts for the internal burns a person can receive when exposed to an electrical arc flash.
Many workers working on energised equipment are injured and/or killed each year. Several of these casualties are a result of arc flash.
Arc Flash is considered as one of the most destructive and dangerous instances when dealing with electrical wirings. A single occurrence can destroy metals and it has the ability to kill a person if not protected by Arc Flash Clothing. An arc flash can create an arc blast that can shatter anything because it is as hot as the as surface of the sun. This kind of heat can destroy metals instantly and completely burn a body beyond recognition.
Arc Flash ProtectionSerious injuries are caused by the arc flash:
Burns
Respiratory system damage
Hearing damage
Skin penetration from flying debris
Eye and face injuries
An arc flash may happen instantly and if the worker does not have the correct protection, they will already be dead when the arc flash hits them.
The use of Arc Flash Protective Equipment will lessen the damages caused by an arc flash because all of these equipments are solely made to withstand the heat.
Typical Arc Flash Clothing Applications
Working on electrical systems and switchrooms at 500 volts, live testing and proving dead on electrical systems, fitting and removal of LV-HV earths on electrical systems, working on panels/control circuits with exposed energised conductors, removal of bolted covers from energised electrical equipment, racking in/out of switchgear, racking in/out of starters and control gear, live testing and proving dead on electrical systems 11-33kV - T&D UK stock a broad range of Arc Flash Clothing and PPE.
This is the draft electrical presentation that I use in the OSHA 10 hour classes. I put it up here to give the reader an idea what I cover in the one hour.
I want to thank John Gryzwacz and Bob Lomastro for helping me with this presentation. They are the best electrical trainers in the country. Both teach the OSHA 3095 class at the OSHA ed centers.
Bob is at www.safetywizard.com
John is www.oshaprofessor.com
These presentation are always in continual improvement so I put a date on the draft. There are many earlier versions of this.
This training presentation covers the basic on arc flash and other electrical hazards, including the effects of an arc flash incident and how to determine shock and flash protection boundaries for a safe workplace
Arc flash typically occurs when the electrical insulation or isolation between live conductors is severed or can no longer withstand the applied voltage. Near the high power electrical equipment, the short-circuit power available is high and consequently so is the energy associated with the electrical arc in case of a fault.
In Europe, regulation and standardization are mainly aimed at protecting workers against the risks of direct contact during work and interventions on and near electrical installations. The risks in the case of electric arc and the means to prevent them are mentioned but not developed.The effects of the electric arc:
The electric arc produces intense light and heat, high noise, high overpressure
Heat and splashes of molten metal can cause lethal burns
Noise can lead to permanent or temporary hearing loss, a flash of vision disorders
The overpressure can open and project the doors of electrical cabinets or cause falls during work at height
In addition to personal injury, an arc flash can result in serious damage to electrical equipment. which can cause disruption to electrical systems in manufacturing and process industry environments or tertiary buildings. The cost of downtime can be considerable. elec calc™ Arc Flash module provides the professionals of the electrical industry with a fundamental tool in the sector, as the user will be able to develop its safety analysis in the vicinity of switchboards and panels. By design, elec calc™ has almost all the data allowing the calculation of the figures of the arc flash, from which the user will be able to elaborate his security analysis near the tables and boxes.
Arc flash incidents can be costly in terms of personnel injury and equipment repair/replacement. This presentation provides an overview of the NFPA 70E 2012 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and the requirements of the standards, which are intended to better protect electrical workers from injury when they work on energized electrical equipment. This includes all aspects of facility and employer responsibilities for compliance to the NFPA 70E standards, as well as the current status of OSHA enforcement of these standards. Copyright AIST Reprinted with Permission.
The electrical arc creates a pressure wave. The incident energy is the energy of this arc-flash coming into contact with a surface. Essentially an electric arc creates a radiation burn which accounts for the internal burns a person can receive when exposed to an electrical arc flash.
Many workers working on energised equipment are injured and/or killed each year. Several of these casualties are a result of arc flash.
Arc Flash is considered as one of the most destructive and dangerous instances when dealing with electrical wirings. A single occurrence can destroy metals and it has the ability to kill a person if not protected by Arc Flash Clothing. An arc flash can create an arc blast that can shatter anything because it is as hot as the as surface of the sun. This kind of heat can destroy metals instantly and completely burn a body beyond recognition.
Arc Flash ProtectionSerious injuries are caused by the arc flash:
Burns
Respiratory system damage
Hearing damage
Skin penetration from flying debris
Eye and face injuries
An arc flash may happen instantly and if the worker does not have the correct protection, they will already be dead when the arc flash hits them.
The use of Arc Flash Protective Equipment will lessen the damages caused by an arc flash because all of these equipments are solely made to withstand the heat.
Typical Arc Flash Clothing Applications
Working on electrical systems and switchrooms at 500 volts, live testing and proving dead on electrical systems, fitting and removal of LV-HV earths on electrical systems, working on panels/control circuits with exposed energised conductors, removal of bolted covers from energised electrical equipment, racking in/out of switchgear, racking in/out of starters and control gear, live testing and proving dead on electrical systems 11-33kV - T&D UK stock a broad range of Arc Flash Clothing and PPE.
This is the draft electrical presentation that I use in the OSHA 10 hour classes. I put it up here to give the reader an idea what I cover in the one hour.
I want to thank John Gryzwacz and Bob Lomastro for helping me with this presentation. They are the best electrical trainers in the country. Both teach the OSHA 3095 class at the OSHA ed centers.
Bob is at www.safetywizard.com
John is www.oshaprofessor.com
These presentation are always in continual improvement so I put a date on the draft. There are many earlier versions of this.
Ever since your elementary school days, doing your homework has been the key factor in making the grade. Years later, it still counts. This time, your kitchen is the test... and you need to pass to keep people safe. Who’s giving the crash course to help you pass test? That would be the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA). Educate yourself and your team on best ways to prevent Kitchen Exhaust Fires with the tips and tricks from our Certified Exhaust Cleaning Specialist.
EDS Specializes in Arc Flash Training and Arc Flash Analysis, among many other training modules to provide training needed for todays electrical workers. EDS services can be provided nation wide. This document highlights our services.
Health care facilities and hospitals have more stringent circuit protection requirements than conventional building electrical systems. Because of the unique constraints of health care facility electrical systems, design engineers must ensure these demanding requirements are met. However, codes adopted in many jurisdictions don’t provide a significant amount of guidance regarding feeder and branch circuit design for health care facilities. Engineers must understand and apply circuit protection best practices especially when designing electrical systems in health care facilities.
Milsoft Utility Solution’s Arc Flash Analysis software facilitates faster and easier assessment of arc flash hazards and electrical incident analysis. Identify and analyze high risk arc flash areas in your electrical power system with greater flexibility by simulating and evaluating various mitigation methods in your arc flash study.
EDS specializes in Arc Flash Training, NFPA 70E Training and other electrical training courses. EDS is also a leader in Arc Flash Analysis. This presentation is used to give some information about arc flash and understanding the EDS approach to analysis. Check us out at arc-flash-training.com
What is arc flash? What are the legal requirements? What are the arc flash standards required in industry? Premium Power, an electrical engineering consultancy offers a checklist of what needs to be considered before carrying out work on or near live equipment
Five to 10 arc flash explosions occur in electric equipment every day in the United States. This number does not include cases in which the victim is sent to an ordinary hospital. Instead, these incidents are so severe the victims require treatment from a special burn center.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
2015 nfpa 70 e changes
1. NFPA 70E: Standard for Electrical
Safety in the Workplace
Overview of Major 2015 Changes
2. The 2015 Has Arrived!
• The NFPA 70E was first
published in 1979 at the
request of OSHA.
• The 2015 Edition is the tenth to
be published.
• Each edition is made to bring
clarification and a safer work
environment.
• The 2015 edition brings in
some major changes.
3. Global Changes
2012 Edition 2015 Edition
Harm Injury or Damage to Health
Probablility Likelihood
Work Shoes Footwear
Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Arc Flash Risk Assessment
Shock Hazard Analysis Shock Risk Assessment
4. Global Changes
These Global Changes provide
accuracy and better harmonize with
other standards addressing risk
and hazards
5. Definitions
Qualified Person. One who has demonstrated
skills and knowledge related to the construc- tion
and operation of electrical equipment and
installations and has received safety training to
identify and avoid the hazards involved.
Risk. A combination of the likelihood of occurrence
of injury or damage to health and the severity of
injury or damage to health that results from a
hazard.
6. Definitions
Risk Assessment. An overall process that
identifies hazards, estimates the potential severity
of injury or damage to health, estimates the
likelihood of occurrence of injury or damage to
health, and determines if protective measures are
required.
InformationalNote: As used in this standard, arc
flash risk assessment and shock risk assessment
are types of risk assessments.
7. Article 110.1(A)
Electrical Safety Program.
General. The employer shall implement and document an overall
electrical safety program that directs activity appropriate to the risk
associated with electrical hazards. The electrical safety program
shall be implemented as part of the employer’s overall occupational
health and safety management system, when one exists.
Informational Note No. 1: Safety-related work practices such as
verification of proper maintenance and installation, alerting
techniques, auditing requirements, and training requirements
provided in this standard are administrative controls and part of an
overall electrical safety program.
8. Article 110.1(B)
Electrical Safety Program.
Maintenance.The electrical safety program shall
include elements that consider condition of
maintenance of electrical equipment and systems.
9. Article 110.2(C)(1)
Training Requirements
Emergency Response Training
Contact Release. Employees exposed to shock
hazards shall be trained in methods of safe release
of victims from contact with exposed energized
electri- cal conductors or circuit parts. Refresher
training shall occur annually.
10. Article 110.2(C)(2)
Training Requirements
First Aid, Emergency Response, and Resuscitation
(a) Employees responsible for responding to medical emergencies shall
be trained in first aid and emer- gency procedures.
(b) Employees responsible for responding to medical emergencies shall
be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Refresher training shall
occur annually.
(c) Employees responsible for responding to medical emergencies shall
be trained in the use of an auto- mated external defibrilator (AED) if an
employer’s emergency response plan includes the use of this device.
Refresher training shall occur annually.
Employers shall verify at least annually that employee training required by
this section is current.
11. Article 130.2(A)(4)
This was added in the 2015 Text:
Normal Operation: Normal operation of electrical equipment shall
be permitted where all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) The equipment is properly installed.
(2) The equipment is properly maintained.
(3) The equipment doors are closed and secured.
(4) All equipment covers are in place and secured.
(5) There is no evidence
**This is in accordance with manufacturer and industry codes and
standards. Physical damage, arcing, deterioration, and overheating
are all signs of impending failure.
12. Article 130.2(B)(1)
Energized Electrical Work Permits
When Required: When energized work is permitted in
accordance with 130.2(A), and energized electrical work permit
shall be required under the following conditions:
(1) When work is performed within the restricted approach
boundary
(2) When the employee interacts with the equipment when
conductors or circuit parts are not exposed but an increased
likelihood of injury from an exposure to an arc flash hazard
exists.
13. Article 130.2(B)(3)
Energized Electrical Work Permits
Exemptions to Work Permit: An energized work permit shall not be required if a
qualified person is provided with and uses appropriate safe work practices and PPE
under any of the following conditions:
(1) Testing, troubleshooting,and voltage measuring
(2) Thermography and visual inspections if the restricted approach boundary is not
crossed
(3) Access and egress from an area with energized electrical equipment if no
electrical work is performed and the restricted approach boundary is not crossed
(4) General housekeeping and miscellaneous non-electrical tasks if the restricted
approach boundary is not crossed.
14. Article 130.4(A)
Shock Risk Assessment:
A shock risk assessment shall determine the
voltage to which personnel will be exposed, the
boundary requirements, and the PPE necessary in
order to minimize the possibility of electric shock to
personnel.
16. Arc Flash
Boundary
Exposed Energized Conductor
or Circuit Part
Limited Approach Boundary
Limited Space
Restricted Approach Boundary
Restricted Space
2015 Boundaries
17. Table 130.4(D)(a)
Approach Boundaries for Shock Protection for Alternating Current Systems
Nominal System
Voltage Range, Phase
to Phase
Limited Approach Boundary Restricted Approach
Boundary; Includes
Inadvertent
Movement Adder
Exposed Movable
Conductor
Exposed Fixed Circuit
Part
<50V Not specified Not specified Not specified
50 V – 150 V 3.0 m (10 ft 0 in) 1.0 m (3 ft 6 in) Avoid contact
151 V – 750 V 3.0 m (10 ft 0 in) 1.0 m (3 ft 6 in) 0.3 m (1 ft 0 in)
751 V – 15 kV 3.0 m (10 ft 0 in) 1.5 m (5 ft 0 in) 0.7 m (2 ft 2 in)
15.1 kV – 36 kV 3.0 m (10 ft 0 in) 1.8 m (6 ft 0 in) 0.8 m (2 ft 7 in)
36.1 kV – 46 kV 3.0 m (10 ft 0 in) 2.5 m (8 ft 0 in) 0.8 m (2 ft 9 in)
46.1 kV – 72.5 kV 3.0 m (10 ft 0 in) 2.5 m (8 ft 0 in) 1.0 m (3 ft 3 in)
72.6 kV – 121 kV 3.3 m (10 ft 8 in) 2.5 m (8 ft 0 in) 1.0 m (3 ft 4 in)
138 kV – 145 kV 3.4 m (11 ft 0 in) 3.0 m (10 ft 0 in) 1.2 m (3 ft 10 in)
161 kV – 169 kV 3.6 m (11 ft 8 in) 3.6 m (11 ft 8 in) 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in)
230 kV – 242 kV 4.0 m (13 ft 0 in) 4.0 m (13 ft 0 in) 1.7 m (5 ft 8 in)
345 kV – 362 kV 4.7 m (15 ft 4 in) 4.7 m (15 ft 4 in) 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
500 kV – 550 kV 5.8 m (19 ft 0 in) 5.8 m (19 ft 0 in) 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in)
765 kV – 800 kV 7.2 m (23 ft 9 in) 7.2 m (23 ft 9 in) 4.9 m (15 ft 11 in)
18. Article 130.5
Arc Flash Risk Assessment: An arc flash risk assessment shall be performed and shall:
(1) Determine if an arc flash hazard exists. If an arc flash hazard exists, the risk assessment shall
determine:
a. Appropriate safety-related work practices
b. The arc flash boundary
c. The PPE to be used within the arc flash boundary
(2) Updated with major modifications and reviewed periodically, at intervals not to exceed 5 yrs.
(3) Take into consideration the design of the overcorrect protective device and its opening time,
including its condition of maintenance.
Informational Note No. 1: Where equipment is not properly installed or maintained, PPE
selection based upon incident energy analysis or the PPE category method may not provide
adequate protection from arc flash hazards.
19. Article 130.5(C)
Arc Flash PPE: One of the following methods shall be
used for the selection of PPE. Either, but not both, methods
shall be permitted to be used on the same piece of
equipment. The results of an incident energy analysis to
specify an arc flash PPE Category in Table 130.7(C)(16)
shall not be permitted.
(1) Incident Energy Analysis Method.
(2) Arc Flash PPE Categories Method.
20. HRC #1
4 cal/cm2 Min.
HRC #0
(100% Natural Fibers):
HRC #2
8 cal/cm2 Min.
HRC #3
25 cal/cm2 Min.
HRC #4
40 cal/cm2 Min.
Hazard Risk Categories
PPEC #0 PPEC #1
1.2-4 Cal/cm2
PPEC #2
4.1-8 Cal/cm2
PPEC #3
8.1-25 Cal/cm2
PPEC #4
25.1-40 Cal/cm2
PPE Categories
21. Arc-Rated vs. Flame-
Resistant
Protective equipment and clothing that is intended for protection
from an arcing fault must be rated by the manufacturer for use in
an environment influenced by an electrical arc. Although the term
flame resistant (FR) has been used in previous editions of NFPA
70E, an FR marking on a garment does not necessarily mean it is
arc rated. The term flame resistant is no longer used in NFPA
70E; this change has been made to clarify that only clothing or
other PPE with an arc rating is acceptable for protecting persons
against arc flash hazards. The term flame resistant could indicate
exposure to other events such as flames from a fire. As an
example, FR clothing for race car drivers or pilots is not suitable
for arc flash protection. Arc-rated clothing is the only clothing
marked with the cal/cm2 rating.
22. Article 130.5(D)
Equipment Labeling: Electrical equipment such as switchboards,
panelboards, industrial control panels, meter socket enclosures, and motor
control centers that are in other than dwell- ing units and that are likely to
require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized
shall be field-marked with a label containing all the following information:
(1) Nominal System Voltage
(2) Arc Flash Boundary
(3) At least one of the following:
a. Available incident energy and the corresponding working distance, or
the arc flash PPE category for the equipment, but not both
b. Minimum arc rating of clothing
c. Site-specific level of PPE
25. Article 130.5(D)
The owner of the electrical
equipment shall be responsible
for the documentation,
installation, and maintenance of
the field-marked label.
26. Article 130.7(15)(A)-(B)
Alternating Current (ac) Equipment: When selected in lieu of the incident energy
analysis of 130.5(B)(1), Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(a) shall be used to identify when arc
flash PPE is required. When arc flash PPE is required, Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(b)
shall be used to determine the arc flash PPE category. The estimated maximum
available short-circuit current, maxi- mum fault-clearing times, and minimum
working distances for various ac equipment types or classifications are listed in
Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(b). An incident energy analysis shall be required in
accordance with 130.5 for the following:
(1)Tasks not listed in Table130.7(C)(15)(A)(a)
(2)Power systems with greater than the estimated maximum available short-circuit
current
(3)Power systems with longer than the maximum fault clearing times
(4)Tasks with less than the minimum working distance
27. Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(a)
Arc Flash Hazard Identification for Alternating Current and Direct Current Systems
Task Equipment Condition
Arc Flash PPE
Required
Reading a panel meter while operating a meter
switch
Any No
Normal operation of a circuit breaker (CB), switch,
contactor, or starter
All of the following:
The equipment is properly installed
The equipment is properly maintained
All equipment doors are closed and secured
All equipment covers are in place and secured
There is no evidence of impending failure
No
One or more of the following:
The equipment is not properly installed
The equipment is not properly maintained
Equipment doors are open or not secured
Equipment covers are off or not secured
There is no evidence of impending failure
Yes
For dc system: Work on energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including voltage
testing
Any Yes
For dc system: Work on energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts of series-connected
battery cells, including voltage testing
Any Yes
28. Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(b)
Arc Flash Hazard PPE Categories for Alternating Current
Equipment
Arc Flash PPE
Category
Arc Flash
Boundary
Panelboards or other equipment rated 240 V and
below Parameters: Maximum of 25 kA short-circuit current
available; maximum of 0.03 sec (2 cycles) fault clearing time;
working distance 455 mm (18 in.)
1 19 in.
Panelboards or other equipment rated >240 V and up to 600
V Parameters: Maximum of 25 kA short-circuit current available;
maximum of 0.03 sec (2 cycles) fault clearing time; working distance
455 mm (18 in.)
2 3 ft.
600-V class motor control centers (MCCs) Parameters: Maximum
of 65 kA short-circuit current available; maximum of 0.03 sec (2
cycles) fault clearing time; working distance 455 mm (18 in.)
2 5 ft.
600-V class motor control centers (MCCs) Parameters: Maximum
of 42 kA short-circuit current available; maximum of 0.33 sec (20
cycles) fault clearing time; working distance 455 mm (18 in.)
4 14 ft.
30. Article 130.7(15)(D)(2)
Barricades. Barricades shall be used in conjunction with
safety signs where it is necessary to prevent or limit
employee access to work areas containing energized
conductors or circuit parts. Conductive barricades shall
not be used where it might increase the likelihood of
exposure to an electrical hazard. Barricades shall be
placed no closer than the limited approach boundary
given in Table 130.4(D)(a) and Table 130.4(D)(b). Where
the arc flash boundary is greater than the limited
approach boundary, barricades shall not be placed
closer than the arc flash boundary.