This document provides an overview of arc flash safety, the NFPA 70E standard, and how to conduct arc flash risk assessments and labeling. Some key points:
- Arc flash events pose serious safety risks and can cause injuries or death. Risk assessments are required to determine hazard levels and appropriate PPE.
- The NFPA 70E standard outlines safety requirements including training, safety programs, PPE, insulated tools, and arc flash calculations.
- Risk assessments identify the arc flash boundary, incident energy levels, and required PPE for working near energized equipment.
- Equipment must be labeled with information from risk assessments, such as the arc flash boundary and required PPE. Labeling helps inform
Electrical Safety is a concern in almost every organizations. The risks related to electrical safety are often managed in an isolated way.
This presentation will help organisations to manage Electrical Safety risks in a more structured fashion.
Electrical Safety is a concern in almost every organizations. The risks related to electrical safety are often managed in an isolated way.
This presentation will help organisations to manage Electrical Safety risks in a more structured fashion.
Electrical safety and Arc Flash TrainingLarry Riley
This presentation is part of the OSHA Focus Four training that I do in all my Construction courses. More information you can contact me: Larry@asctraininginc.net
this is basic electrical safety power point lecture that too useful for principal training non-electrical workersprevent lectrocution accidents in work place
The proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical component of any electrical safety program, and yet proper PPE use often is overlooked, diminished, or simply disregarded by electrical workers in manufacturing. Plant Engineering will present a Webcast on December 5th at 1 p.m. CT that will discuss the importance of PPE to mitigate arc flash dangers and other electrical safety issues.
Complete Guide to Electrical Safety in the Workplacehudsonelectrical
The National Safety Council indicates that electrical hazards cause nearly one workplace fatality every day. Therefore electrical safety is especially important in the workplace. In this presentation here is a complete guide to workplace electrical safety. Visit: hudsonelectricalnb.com.au
Electrical safety and Arc Flash TrainingLarry Riley
This presentation is part of the OSHA Focus Four training that I do in all my Construction courses. More information you can contact me: Larry@asctraininginc.net
this is basic electrical safety power point lecture that too useful for principal training non-electrical workersprevent lectrocution accidents in work place
The proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical component of any electrical safety program, and yet proper PPE use often is overlooked, diminished, or simply disregarded by electrical workers in manufacturing. Plant Engineering will present a Webcast on December 5th at 1 p.m. CT that will discuss the importance of PPE to mitigate arc flash dangers and other electrical safety issues.
Complete Guide to Electrical Safety in the Workplacehudsonelectrical
The National Safety Council indicates that electrical hazards cause nearly one workplace fatality every day. Therefore electrical safety is especially important in the workplace. In this presentation here is a complete guide to workplace electrical safety. Visit: hudsonelectricalnb.com.au
Many workers working on energised equipment are injured and/or killed each year. Several of these casualties are a result of arc flash.
Arc Flash is considered as one of the most destructive and dangerous instances when dealing with electrical wirings. A single occurrence can destroy metals and it has the ability to kill a person if not protected by Arc Flash Clothing. An arc flash can create an arc blast that can shatter anything because it is as hot as the as surface of the sun. This kind of heat can destroy metals instantly and completely burn a body beyond recognition.
Arc Flash ProtectionSerious injuries are caused by the arc flash:
Burns
Respiratory system damage
Hearing damage
Skin penetration from flying debris
Eye and face injuries
An arc flash may happen instantly and if the worker does not have the correct protection, they will already be dead when the arc flash hits them.
The use of Arc Flash Protective Equipment will lessen the damages caused by an arc flash because all of these equipments are solely made to withstand the heat.
Typical Arc Flash Clothing Applications
Working on electrical systems and switchrooms at 500 volts, live testing and proving dead on electrical systems, fitting and removal of LV-HV earths on electrical systems, working on panels/control circuits with exposed energised conductors, removal of bolted covers from energised electrical equipment, racking in/out of switchgear, racking in/out of starters and control gear, live testing and proving dead on electrical systems 11-33kV - T&D UK stock a broad range of Arc Flash Clothing and PPE.
Arc flash incidents can be costly in terms of personnel injury and equipment repair/replacement. This presentation provides an overview of the NFPA 70E 2012 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and the requirements of the standards, which are intended to better protect electrical workers from injury when they work on energized electrical equipment. This includes all aspects of facility and employer responsibilities for compliance to the NFPA 70E standards, as well as the current status of OSHA enforcement of these standards. Copyright AIST Reprinted with Permission.
What is arc flash? What are the legal requirements? What are the arc flash standards required in industry? Premium Power, an electrical engineering consultancy offers a checklist of what needs to be considered before carrying out work on or near live equipment
An arc blast or flash can occur when workers service electrical power, transmission, and distribution systems using high voltage. It is important to understand the OSHA, NFPA, IEEE and NEC requirements as well as the hierarchy of controls to reduce the risk. Understanding how to calculate a flash analysis to determine the protection boundaries, train workers on the hazards of high voltage electricity and use of personal protective equipment and clothing, and using the right tools for the job are all important steps. Learn more about arc blast/flash in this presentation. If you need advice or help with electrical safety, contact our staff of CSPs at The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc. We have past performance working with contractors near powerlines and underground utilities.
Make India Safer with JMV LPS Ltd Electrical Equipment & Human SafetyMahesh Chandra Manav
Human Life is not free and We all want to Live Peace full Safe Life Use of Power to Utilization of All Gadgets which for our comfort , We also Have Threat for Lightning and World wide their is Standard and Practice for our Assets and Human Safety.
in India we have very strong Documents for Electrical Installation and Fire Safety by NBC2016, NEC 2011, IS 782, RDSO , CEA (IPDS&DDUGJY) , NFC17-102.
Now Fire and Safety is released Document for Awareness to Common Public SACHET installation of Electrical Equipment (Earthing and lightning Protection).
Make in India Govt Advisory to give Preference Manufacturer of India and Complies Strongly India Standard by BIS, CEA,SECI, RDSO and MBBL2019.
We request all the Authorities to use Latest Specification in their Present Project on Floor and upcoming Project .
our Electrical Inspection and Fire Safety Officer to follow National building Code Strictly.
SMART CITY, CCTV and Security Surveillance, Project AMRUT (WTP), Solar PV, Electrical Vehicle Charging Infra, Metro Rail , Indian Railway, Sea Ports and Air Ports, Power , Transmission & Distribution, Building Infra Housing, Commercial , Hospital,University, Defense ,Telecom and all other Industries.
We all has to work India Safer , Green and Clean
Pay Money for Electrical Safety
Arc flash typically occurs when the electrical insulation or isolation between live conductors is severed or can no longer withstand the applied voltage. Near the high power electrical equipment, the short-circuit power available is high and consequently so is the energy associated with the electrical arc in case of a fault.
In Europe, regulation and standardization are mainly aimed at protecting workers against the risks of direct contact during work and interventions on and near electrical installations. The risks in the case of electric arc and the means to prevent them are mentioned but not developed.The effects of the electric arc:
The electric arc produces intense light and heat, high noise, high overpressure
Heat and splashes of molten metal can cause lethal burns
Noise can lead to permanent or temporary hearing loss, a flash of vision disorders
The overpressure can open and project the doors of electrical cabinets or cause falls during work at height
In addition to personal injury, an arc flash can result in serious damage to electrical equipment. which can cause disruption to electrical systems in manufacturing and process industry environments or tertiary buildings. The cost of downtime can be considerable. elec calc™ Arc Flash module provides the professionals of the electrical industry with a fundamental tool in the sector, as the user will be able to develop its safety analysis in the vicinity of switchboards and panels. By design, elec calc™ has almost all the data allowing the calculation of the figures of the arc flash, from which the user will be able to elaborate his security analysis near the tables and boxes.
المرحلة الأولي من برنامج التوعية بأنظمة الصحة والسلامة المهنية والبيئة والتى إقيمت بموقع مستودعات البترول براس غارب بمحافظة البحر الأحمر بحضور ممثلي شركات تنفيذ المشروع وهي PETROJET، Enppi ، ALREHAB ، HILAL ، OETROMINT ، ENERGYA ، IEMSA ، MMC وذلك خلال شهر سبتمبر 2020 الجاري وقد حضر البرنامج أكثر من 180 مشارك من الشركات المنفذة للمشروع
اليكم دليل
توقع ما هو غير متوقع - ما يجب مراعاته عند التخطيط لمكان العمل
حالات الطوارئ هو قسم المعايير والموارد الفنية باللغة الانجليزية OR-OSHA
What to consider in planning for workplace
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
2. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Understanding Arc Flash 3
What is Arc Flash?
How Can an Arc Flash Occur?
What Impacts the Size of an Arc Flash Event?
What are the Dangers of an Arc Flash Event?
Chapter 2: The NFPA 70E Standard 6
What is NFPA 70E?
What Does the NFPA 70E Standard Include?
Chapter 3: Risk Assessments 8
Why is a Risk Assessment Performed?
What is a Risk Assessment?
What is an Arc Flash Boundary?
What is the Next Step?
Chapter 4: Arc Flash Labeling 12
Who is Responsible for Labeling?
What Should be Labeled?
What if Electrical Equipment is Updated?
Where Should Labels be Placed?
What Label Format Should be Used?
What ANSI Header Should be Used?
How Durable Should Labels Be?
What Should Appear on an Arc Flash Label?
Chapter 5: Workplace Solutions 21
What are Some Labeling Options?
Who Should Perform Arc Flash Risk Assessments?
With the rising frequency of reported arc flash accidents, and the potential for
serious injury or death, arc flash is a serious concern. It's important to increase safety
and compliance in your workplace by better understanding and identifying arc
flash hazards. In this guide, get answers to your questions and learn more about
arc flash events, the NFPA 70E standard, and how to reach compliance with
labeling and risk assessments.
2
4. Understanding Arc Flash
What is Arc Flash?
ARC FLASH: A short circuit through air that flashes over
from one exposed live conductor to another conductor or to
ground. This electrical fault can create a dangerous release of
energy, including thermal energy, acoustical energy, pressure
wave or debris.
How Can an Arc Flash Occur?
There are a number of ways an arc flash can occur, including:
• Coming close to a high-amp
source with a conductive
object can cause the electricity
to flash over
• Dropping a tool or creating a
spark can ignite an arc flash
• Failing equipment due to use
of substandard parts, improper
installation, or even normal wear
and tear
• Breaks or gaps in insulation
• Dust, corrosion or other impurities
on the surface of the conductor
What Impacts the Size of an Arc Flash Event?
Common variables that impact the size and energy of an arc
flash include1
:
• Amperage
• Voltage
• Arc Gap
• Closure Time
• Distance from Arc
• 3 Phase vs. Single Phase
• Confined Space
DID YOU KNOW?
An average of 30,000
arc flash incidents
occur per year.2
Chapter 1 / 4
5. What are the Dangers of an Arc Flash Event?
Physical Injury
Without the proper labeling, training and personal protective
equipment (PPE), an arc flash occurrence can lead to serious
burn injuries, concussions, hearing loss, shrapnel injuries,
broken bones and even death. An arc flash occurrence can
reach thousands of degrees, and skin exposure for just 1/10
of a second at 203°F can lead to third degree burns.
To help keep your workplace safe, train your employees in
safe work practices and utilize labels and awareness to keep
the message in the forefront of your workers’ minds and
reinforce the desired behavior in your facility.
Financial Impact
An arc flash occurrence can have a productivity and financial
impact as well. Total costs for arc flash accidents can range
from $12-15 million, including medical expenses, downtime,
equipment replacement, lawsuits, and insurance and
litigation fees4
. According to the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA), some facilities have been
fined for over $500K for not being compliant with electrical
safety regulations.
Chapter 1 / 5
DID YOU KNOW?
Arc flash incidents lead to over
2,000 hospitalizations. An average
hospital stay is 19 days, at
approximately $18,000 per day.1
7. The NFPA 70E Standard
What is NFPA 70E?
OSHA cites and fines employers for failure to protect
employees from the dangers of arc flash under regulation
29 CFR 1910.333(a). The National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) details how to comply with this regulation through
the NFPA 70E standard, “Standard for Electrical Safety in
the Workplace.”
What Does the NFPA 70E Standard Include?
According to the NFPA 70E standard, there are six primary
responsibilities that facilities must meet, including:
1. Training for employees
2. Written safety program in place that is actionable
3. PPE available for employees
4. Insulated tools
5. Arc flash hazard degree calculations
6. Properly labeled equipment
Learn more about how risk assessments and labeling can
help you reach compliance in the following chapters.
Chapter 2 / 7
DID YOU KNOW?
An arc flash event can reach
35,000°F
1
9. Arc Flash Risk Assessments
Why is a Risk Assessment Performed?
An arc flash risk assessment is done for many reasons, including:
1. To prevent worker injury or death
2. To minimize equipment damage
3. To minimize system downtime
4. To comply with codes and safety regulations
5. To meet insurance requirements
6. To avoid litigation expenses
What is a Risk Assessment?
An arc flash risk assessment is a key part of what OSHA requires
as it relates to electrical hazards. The NFPA 70E 2015 edition
requires employers to conduct an arc flash risk assessment to
determine the amount of thermal energy that could be
generated from an arc flash incident. This information is then
used to define a flash protection boundary around the potential
source and determine the level of arc-rated apparel and other
PPE required to protect employees who cross the boundary from
the potential heat, light and blast of an incident.
At minimum, the safety program needs to be audited at intervals
not to exceed 3 years and arc flash risk assessments shall be
periodically reviewed at intervals not to exceed 5 years.
Chapter 3 / 9
10. What is an Arc Flash Boundary?
An arc flash boundary is the distance at which an electrical
arc can flash outward and endanger employees working on
electrical equipment. Additional boundary requirements include:
• Conductive Articles of Jewelry and Clothing: Watchbands,
bracelets, rings, key chains, necklaces, metal frame glasses, etc.
shall not be worn within the restricted approach boundary.
• Working Space: Shall not be used for storage. Space shall be
kept clear to permit safe operation and maintenance.
• Barricades: When the arc flash boundary is greater than the
limited approach boundary, barricades shall not be placed
closer than the arc flash boundary.
• Insulated Tools: Employees shall use insulated tools when
working inside the restricted approach boundary of exposed
energized electrical conductors.
Chapter 3 / 10
11. What is the Next Step?
Once an arc flash risk assessment has been conducted, in
which the arc flash boundary, the incident energy at the
working distance and the personal protective equipment
required has been determined, Article 130.5 (C) in the 2015
edition of NFPA 70E further dictates that the label must
contain these important elements.
Take a look at the below visual to learn more
about each boundary area:
Chapter 3 / 11
DID YOU KNOW?
of electrical worker
fatalities are due to
burns, not shock.280%
1. Exposed Conductor, or Circuit
2. Restricted Approach Boundary
(increased likelihood of electric shock)
3. Limited Approach Boundary
(shock hazard exists)
4. Arc Flash Boundary (distance where up
to 2nd degree burns are likely to occur -
it could be 1 inch to 20 feet and greater of
less than the other boundaries, depending
on incident energy)
WALL
1
2
3
4
13. Arc Flash Labeling
Who is Responsible for Labeling?
Arc flash labeling is the responsibility of the employer, not the
manufacturer or installer of the equipment.
What Should be Labeled?
Article 110.16 in NFPA 70, the National Electrical Code (NEC),
states that relevant electrical equipment shall be field marked
to warn qualified persons of potential electric arc flash hazards.
Labeling is required for any piece of electrical equipment that
is likely to require examination, adjustment, service or
maintenance while energized, creating the potential for an arc
flash incident to occur. Thus, many employers are also labeling
bus ducts and other electrical equipment not specifically called
out in the NEC.
The NEC provides the following examples of electrical equipment
that must be field marked with a warning label:
• Switchboards
• Panel Boards
• Motor Control Centers
• Industrial Control Panels
• Meter Socket Enclosures
• And More
Chapter 4 / 13
DID YOU KNOW?
Exposure of 203°F for just one-tenth
of a second (6 cycles) is enough to
cause a third degree burn.1
14. What if Electrical Equipment is Updated?
Any modifications or renovations to electrical equipment that will
change data on the label will require an updated arc flash risk
assessment and label according to the 2015 NFPA 70E standard.
While the labeling requirements for equipment installed prior
to the 2002 NEC Provision are not specifically stated, OSHA’s
general duty clause for hazard warning may apply here. Should
the equipment be modified or upgraded in any way, then a label
must be affixed. In fact, an OSHA representative has stated that
even changing a fuse or circuit breaker could be considered a
modification that would require labeling. Labels applied prior to
September 30, 2011 are acceptable if they contain the available
incident energy or required level of PPE.
From a safety perspective, the hazard is the same regardless of
when the equipment was installed. Consequently, most
employers are simply labeling all the appropriate equipment,
regardless of when it was installed.
Chapter 4 / 14
15. Where Should Labels be Placed?
The NEC requirement states that the marking must be in a
location that is clearly visible to qualified persons before they
begin work. Typically, the label is placed outside the panel or
enclosure door. In some cases, companies choose to put the label
inside the door to protect it from harsh environments. However,
this should only be done if the door must be opened (allowing the
label to be seen) in order to remove the panel face or enclosure.
The key point is that the label should be easily noticeable by
workers before they may be exposed to any potentially
dangerous live parts.
Chapter 4 / 15
16. How Durable Should Labels Be?
Arc flash labels must be able to withstand their usage
environment. This means that the print should not fade and the
adhesive should be aggressive enough to avoid peeling. When
necessary, an overlaminate should be applied to protect the
printed surface from harsh chemicals and exposure to sunlight.
Chapter 4 / 16
DID YOU KNOW?
The majority of patients with
electrical burns were injured
while working.3
17. What Label Format Should be Used?
Design and formatting of the labels should conform with the ANSI
Z535 Series of Standards For Safety Signs Tags, according to
Article 130.7(E)(1) of NFPA 70E. This format typically includes:
• Header
• Message
• Pictogram (If used. Currently there is not a widely-accepted
symbol for indicating an arc flash hazard)
What ANSI Header Should be Used?
Neither the NFPA 70E nor the NEC requirements specify whether
to use a “Danger” or “Warning” header. However, NFPA 70E does
recommend identifying those situations in which there is a hazard
to the worker.
A commonly used guideline is to use a red “Danger” header when
the voltage is over 600 volts or when the incident energy is over
40 cals/cm2. Many employers have also standardized to using the
“Danger” signal word to indicate a situation where serious injury or
death WILL occur. If it is less than that threshold, an orange
“Warning” header is used. The employer has the final decision on
which words appear on the labels, but it is imperative that
consistency be maintained on all the labels throughout the facility.
Chapter 4 / 17
18. What Should Appear on an Arc Flash Label?
1. Nominal System Voltage A value assigned to a circuit or
system for the purpose of conveniently designating its voltage
class (e.g. 120/240 volts, 480/277 volts, 600 volts).
2. Arc Flash Boundary The distance at which an electrical arc
can flash outward, which may endanger employees working on
electrical equipment, where up to 2nd degree burns are likely
to occur.
Chapter 4 / 18
19. 3. At Least One of the Following
a. Available incident energy and the corresponding working
distance (An incidental energy analysis is used to help
predict the incident energy of an arc flash for a specified set
of conditions. Incident energy is the amount of energy
impressed on a surface, a certain distance away from the
source, generated during an electrical arc event. This should
be measured and labeled in cal/cm2). Or the arc flash PPE
category in Table 130.7(C)(15)(A) (b) or 130.7(C)(B) for
equipment. But not both.
OR
b. Minimum arc rating of clothing (This also should be
expressed in cal/cm2. Arc rated clothing indicates it has been
tested for exposure to an electrical arc. This was formally
expressed as lame resistant in previous NFPA editions).
OR
c. Site specific level of PPE.
4. Additional and Optional Hazard Information Some
safety-conscious employers go one step further by including
shock hazard information on the label. After all, as long as you
are going through the trouble to warn employees of arc flash
hazards, why not provide similar safety guidance for the other
electrical hazard – shock? These labels provide complete arc
flash hazard information, plus shock hazard information on the
applicable voltage, approach boundaries, and insulated glove
and tool requirements.
Chapter 4 / 19
20. Chapter 4 / 20
Take a look at the below label example to see what should
be included on an arc flash label:
Incident energy corresponding
working distance
Min. arc
rating of
clothes
Arc flash
boundary
Site Specific PPE
Header
Shock hazard
information
Arc Flash and Shock Hazard
Appropriate PPE Required
FLASH PROTECTION SHOCK PROTECTION
Incident Energy at: 18 in
Shock Risk When
Cover is Removed
480 VAC
Min. Arc Rating: 0.45 cal/cm^2
Limited Approach 42 in
Arc Flash Boundary: 10 in Restricted Approach 12 in
Glove Class: 00 Bus Name:
PNL_P-5
Prot Dev: 100/3 BS-18 LAB PNL
PPE:
Shirt pants or coverall, Nonmelting
(ASTM F1506) or Untreated Fiber) + hard hat +
safety glasses + hearing protection
22. Workplace Solutions
What are Some Labeling Options?
When it comes to establishing a compliant facility with arc flash
labels, there are a number of options to choose from:
• Pre-Printed Labels: Pre-printed arc flash labels with the arc
flash PPE category and a list of the required PPE, relieving the
employer from having to hand-write this information. As with
the check box labels, a version for both arc flash and shock
hazards is available.
• On-Demand Label Printing: Create and print customized
arc flash labels when and where you need them with an
on-demand label printer. This option avoids the time and trouble
associated with handwriting many labels and it allows labels to
be printed in batches as the project transitions from one area of
the plant to another. It is also a quicker solution compared to
selecting, ordering and waiting for pre-printed labels to arrive.
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23. Who Should Perform Arc Flash Risk Assessments?
Completing a best-in-class Arc Flash Risk Assessment in-house
requires time, resources and analysis software to accurately
calculate arc flash risk. In addition, simple miscalculations can
lead to incorrect incident energy levels resulting in the
improper use of PPE. Finding an Arc Flash Risk Assessment service
performed by a licensed engineer using power system analysis
software will enable you to not only reach compliance, but
maintain compliance. Addition services also include Arc Flash
Audits and Arc Flash Safety Training.
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DID YOU KNOW?
of burn patients
injured on the job
received flash injuries.3
34%