This Powerpoint covers Arc Flash safety and power distribution modeling By Richard Ramirez

1. Arc Flash Control Engineering, Inc. Control Engineering Inc. 2306 Newport Blvd. Costa Mesa, CA 92627 Tel: 714-535-5590 Fax: 714-535-0625

2. Control Engineering, Inc.

3. Arc Flash What is Arc Flash? What can cause Arc Flash? What are the results of Arc Flash? Standards Shock and Arc Boundaries Levels of PPE Steps to performing an Arc Flash analysis Control Engineering, Inc.

4. What is Arc Flash? The NFPA defines Arc Flash as an electrical explosion caused when current passes through air between ungrounded conductors or between ungrounded conductors and grounded conductors. Control Engineering, Inc.

5. What Can Cause Arc Flash? Accidents Unintentional contact with electrical equipment (screwdriver, pliers, etc.) Equipment failure Improperly designed equipment and/or work procedures. Control Engineering, Inc.

7. Thermal heat (up to 35,000 degrees Fahrenheit, that’s almost four time the surface of the sun!!)

8. Toxic fumes

9. Molten metal

10. Pressure waves

11. Blinding light

12. Sound waves

13. Extreme heat causes copper to expand 67,000 times from solid to vapor- pressure

14. Flying shrapnel at over 700 mph

15. Surrounding equipment damaged or destroyed

16. Facility shutdownControl Engineering, Inc.

17. Results Continued Can result in serious injuries Critical burns Fatal burns can occur at distances of 10 ft. Collapsed lungs Loss of sight Ruptured eardrums Puncture wounds Death!!! Control Engineering, Inc.

18. Arc Flash Standards OSHA 29 CFR 1910 NEC 110.6 NFPA 70E IEEE 1584 Control Engineering, Inc.

19. OSHA 1910 OSHA 1910.132(d) Where work will be performed within the flash protection boundary, the flash hazard analysis shall determine, and the employer shall document, the incident energy exposure to the worker (in cal/cm2). OSHA 1910.269(I)(6) Flame resistant (FR) clothing and PPE shall be used by the employee based upon the incident energy exposure associated with the specific task. Control Engineering, Inc.

20. NEC 110.6 110.16 Flash Protection. Switchboards, panel boards, industrial control panels, and motor control centers in other than dwelling occupancies, that are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized, shall be field marked to warn qualified persons of potential electric arc flash hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to qualified persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment. Control Engineering, Inc.

21. NFPA 70E NFPA 70E-2000 Part II Chapter 2, paragraph 2-1.3.3 states that arc-flash analysis must be performed in order to determine the level of hazard and appropriate PPE for given tasks. Control Engineering, Inc.

22. NEW NFPA 70e Updates NFPA 70E 110.6(E)-requires that all training be documented and employees must show proficiency. NFPA 70E 130.3(C)-AF labels to include, at a minimum, the AF Incident Energy or Level of PPE. Changes to Hazard Category 1 PPE-4 Calories or more for Pants and Face Shield that attaches to Hard Hat. New exception verifies that 240V and less power systems fed by a single transformer less than 125 kv no longer require AF Analysis. Control Engineering, Inc.

23. CEI 13 Shock and Arc Boundaries

24. CEI 14 Typical Equipment Label

26. Arc flash PPE is required within this boundary.

27. Note: Distance may be less than or greater than the shock protection boundaries.Flash Protection Boundary Prohibited Restricted Limited Energized part Calculated distance

28. CEI 16 Limits of Approach – Limited Approach Boundary The closest distance an “unqualified” person can approach, unless escorted by a “qualified” person. Prohibited Restricted Limited Energized panel (<750V) 3 feet 6 inches for 480V

29. CEI 17 Limits of Approach – Restricted Approach Boundary Prohibited Restricted The closest distance to exposed live parts a “qualified” person can approach w/out proper PPE and tools. To cross this boundary, the qualified person must wear PPE and have proper tools. Energized part 12 inches for 480 volts

30. CEI 18 Limits of Approach - Shock Prohibited Crossed ONLY by a “qualified” person, which when crossed by body part or object, requires the same protection as if direct contact was made with the live part. Energized part 1 inch for 480 volts

31. CEI 19 Levels of PPE Hazard Risk Category 4 Hazard Risk Category 2 Hazard Risk Category 1 Hazard Risk Category 0 Hazard Risk Category 3

32. Category 0(up to 1.2 Cal/cm2) Shirt (Long-Sleeve) Pants (Long) Safety Glasses V-Rated Gloves Insulated Tools Control Engineering, Inc.

33. Category 1 (1.3 up to 4.0 Cal/cm2) Shirt (Long-Sleeve) FR Pants (Long) FR Face Shield FR V-Rated Gloves Hearing Protection Insulated Tools Hard Hat FR Leather Work Shoes Control Engineering, Inc.

34. Category 2 (4.0 up to 8.0 Cal/cm2) Category 1 Requirements plus Extra Layer of Untreated Natural fiber (Shirt & Pants) Leather Work Shoes Control Engineering, Inc.

35. Category 3 (8 up to 25 Cal/cm2) Category 2 Requirements plus Coveralls up to 2 Sets Double Layer Switching Hood Hearing Protection Control Engineering, Inc.

36. Category 4 (higher than 25 Cal/cm2) Category 3 Requirements plus Flash Suit Control Engineering, Inc.

37. Best way to prevent hazards of electricity…….. Avoid energized circuits is the Safest Way! STOP Before taking any action THINK In terms of Risks and Hazards OPTIONS LOTO Lock Out Tag Out PROTECTION Proper PPE

38. ARC FLASH ANALYSIS STEPS FIELD VERIFICATION AND AUDIT SINGLE LINE DRAWINGS SYSTEM MODELING ARC FLASH ANALYSIS SAFETY PROGRAM ITEGRATION AND TRAINING

40. PPE

41. Utility Company and Grid Data

42. Transformers, Generators

43. Switchgears and MCCs

44. High Voltage Relays, Circuit Breakers

45. Conductors

46. CTs, Load dataControl Engineering, Inc.

48. Add or remove components where applicable

49. Update existing devices

50. Can you Import From / Export To ACAD?Control Engineering, Inc. Control Engineering, Inc.

52. Use Libraries for Component Characteristics

53. Verify Model Integrity Using Load Flow Analysis

54. Optional Short Circuit Analysis and Coordination StudiesControl Engineering, Inc. Control Engineering, Inc. Control Engineering, Inc.

55. Load Flow Analysis Control Engineering, Inc.

56. Short Circuit Analysis Control Engineering, Inc.

57. Arc Flash Analysis Control Engineering, Inc.

59. Review Risk Category Reports

60. Labeling Requirements

61. Approach Boundaries

62. Class of PPE

63. Printing and Installing Labels

64. Reports and Recommendations

65. Safety Program Integration and TrainingControl Engineering, Inc. Control Engineering, Inc. Control Engineering, Inc. Control Engineering, Inc.

66. Reports Generated Control Engineering, Inc.

67. Pop Quiz What is wrong with this label? Wrong hazard category level of PPE is required? Category 1 What is meant by the limited approach? The closest distance an “unqualified” person can approach, unless escorted by a “qualified” person. What is meant by the prohibited approach? Crossed ONLY by a “qualified” person, which when crossed by body part or object, requires the same protection as if direct contact was made with the live part.