The document discusses representations of ethnicity in British media and common stereotypes. It notes that while ethnic minorities make up nearly 8% of the UK population, their representation in television is often limited and relies on stereotypes. Common stereotypes seen include black people portrayed as entertainers or criminals, Middle Eastern people as shopkeepers or traditional/misogynistic, and stereotypes of other groups are often absent entirely. The document argues for more progressive representations that move beyond limited stereotypes.
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2. Definition
• ethnicity (n) a term which represents social groups
with a shared history, sense of identity, geography
and cultural roots which may occur despite racial
difference
This is very different from race which is defined
below:
• race (n) a human population considered distinct
based on physical characteristics.
3. Activity
• How many TV programmes can you list
that focus on a main character of an
ethnic minority background (e.g.. Non
white-British)?
• Do you feel the British population is
being represented fairly or realistically?
4. Multicultural Britain
• 4.6 million people in UK are from ethnic
minority backgrounds.
• 7.9% of total population.
• Over half this are from Asian backgrounds.
• One quarter of this number are from Black
heritage.
• Of the total number of ethnic minority people,
5.3% are Chinese and 5% from other ethnic
backgrounds.
5. • 40 million people characterise themselves as
white-Christian.
• 815,000 black Christians, 353,000 mixed
race Christians.
• Second largest religion is Islam. 686,000
Pakistani Muslims.
• 471,000 Indian Hindus, 307,000 Indian Sikhs,
261,000 Bangladeshi Muslims, 259,000
White Jews.
• 45% of ethnic minorities live in London.
7. Ethnic & Racial Stereotypes
• People of Black Origin:
Historically Black actors were most
commonly associated with light
entertainment and humour.
• Stereotypes arising from Hollywood
– Uncle Tom and Aunt Jemima roles.
(remnants of America’s history of
slavery and apartheid)
• The ‘black mammie’ in Tom &
Jerry further enforces this
stereotype.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=G0apku0rPLw
• The Sambo Stereotype:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Myb-
8. Black Stereotypes
• For many years the traditional stereotypes
continued with black actors being cast as
blue collar workers and other secondary
characters.
• This use of ethnic minority actors in this way
is known as tokenism.
• Tokenism is where members of a minority
group are included in a text, usually creating
a false appearance of inclusive practices,
intentional or not. E.g.. purposely including a
member of a minority race (such as a black
character in a mainly white cast, or vice
versa) into a group.
9. Black Stereotypes
• However, more positively, we have also become
accustomed to seeing black people as successful
athletes.
• But of course the problem
with these Representations is that black people have far
more diverse talents
than just those these
stereotypes suggest!
10. Black Stereotypes
• Criminals/Black Gangsters
• Recently, however, due to the
increase in reporting of gang
related crime, young black
people have been
associated with knife and
gun crime and are frequently
cast as criminals.
• The rise in popularity of
American Hip Hop music has
also spread the stereotype of
young black men as
gangsters.
11. Challenging the Stereotypes
• More Positive Representations:
• President Obama:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=CuwQsY_EBzU
• Will Smith:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=s0f3JeDVeEo
12. Middle Eastern origin
• Like other ethnic minority groups in the UK, many
people of middle eastern origin are frequently
represented as …
• blue collar workers – shop-workers/owners, cab
drivers etc... (Main stereotype)
• This stereotype most likely originates from old
colonialist views which placed white British
people as superior and elite compared to those “from
the colonies”.
• Also, when many immigrants from this part of the
world began to arrive in the UK seeking employment,
many found job opportunities in the service area.
• As with other minority groups in British TV, middle
eastern actors were frequently cast in servile roles
with the focus of drama being on the experiences of
white-British.
13. Middle Eastern Origin
• Other common stereotypes of people
from middle eastern backgrounds are:
• Studious and well-educated – Jobs
as scientists or Dr’s.
• Family-oriented.
• Patriarchal , traditional and
misogynist – reinforced by recent
headlines and TV drama storylines
about honour killings and forced
marriages.
• These stereotypes are the result of the
clash between western and eastern
cultures and religions, with the
dominant view (the western view)
taking precedence in media texts.
14. Islamophobia
• Since the events of 9/11 there
has been a growth in
‘Islamophobia’– an irrational
fear of Muslims as people bent
on imposing their religious and
political views on the rest of
society.
• Media texts have
perpetuated this negative
stereotype through the use of
crude and exaggerated
stereotypes.
• Stereotype: Asian people as
terrorists and villains.
15. Far Eastern Origin
• People from the Far East
are difficult to find in
British TV drama.
• General stereotypes within
the media as a whole
include:
• Computer experts/techies
– almost always exclusively
Japanese and featured in
Sci-Fi.
• However, this ethnic group is
frequently absent from TV
drama!
16. Other minority groups in the
UK
• Eastern Europeans (E.g. Polish) – whilst many people from
eastern Europe now live in the UK, they remain under-
represented in British TV drama.
• Recently, both Coronation Street & Eastenders featured Polish
workers as a cheap labour. Their roles, however, were limited
to little more than extras, barely even a ‘token’ representation of
this group!
• Their cultural difference and heritage
remains untouched upon.
• Whilst Corrie has one Polish
character, her role is limited to
factory worker– another classic
example of tokenism.
17. Extracts & Analysis
• View the following extracts and for each,
answer the questions below:
• What stereotypes are being used?
• Are they positive or negative? Why?
• Is this representation progressive or
regressive? I.e. Does it move the
representation of this ethnic group forward in
any way or just regress back to the limited
stereotypes of the past?