4. 米国における生徒指導の始まり 生徒指導 = Student Guidance Personnel and Guidance Service Guidance Service Personnel Service/work Student/Pupil Guidance 生徒指導の社会背景 職業指導運動(1900年代,F.Persons) 産業の変化に対応した指導の必要性 精神衛生運動(1900年代, C.W.Beers) 精神障害者の人権を擁護する人道主義 教育運動(1930年代,進歩主義教育協会) 児童中心主義で,民主主義を支える市民を育てる 4
5. Two Essential Elementsof progressive education (1). Respect for diversity, meaning that each individual should be recognized for his or her own abilities, interests, ideas, needs, and cultural identity, and (2). the development of critical, socially engaged intelligence, which enables individuals to understand and participate effectively in the affairs of their community in a collaborative effort to achieve a common good. http://www.uvm.edu/~dewey/articles/proged.html 5