The Physical Oceanography is an essential part of the study in oceanography. It is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.
The Physical Oceanography is an essential part of the study in oceanography. It is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters.
The study of physical oceanography helps in understanding all these aspects in detail. Let us see most of these factors and processes in our future modules. Mathematical models of all these processes are also developed using these phenomena and mechanisms. The individual aspects of all the elements of physical oceanography are to be studied in detail.
It describes about the formation of Islands,about the formation of coral reef. It describes about the ocean currents, their origin and all other concepts related to oceanography.
The study of physical oceanography helps in understanding all these aspects in detail. Let us see most of these factors and processes in our future modules. Mathematical models of all these processes are also developed using these phenomena and mechanisms. The individual aspects of all the elements of physical oceanography are to be studied in detail.
It describes about the formation of Islands,about the formation of coral reef. It describes about the ocean currents, their origin and all other concepts related to oceanography.
The purpose of this report is to give readers an overview of Pakistan’s digital industry landscape. The report shows how social media is evolving and how brands locally and globally are effectively using the medium to reach out to an ever growing social audience. The report also includes research on trends, topics and innovations that are being talked about worldwide.
Speedy Stitcher Instructions from Product Packagespeedystitcher
Speedy Stitcher Instructions from product packaging that include how to use, parts, and illustrations of available parts and accessories. Speedystitcher.com
Muito se fala em Inovação Tecnológica, mas afinal, o que precisamos para aplicá-la em nossos negócios?
Palestrante: Luiz H Coelho
Semana da Inovação - Junho de 2010
We offer you this guide to shed light on the question you are probably asking yourself: «What is the use of oceanography?».
By tracing the history of marine science, we explain how oceanographers have been able to put the oceans at the heart of their work and demonstrate the crucial role they play in the planetary balance.
Convinced that the prerequisite for any action is a better understanding of the issues by science, we hope that this guide to oceanography will help to crystalise on the issues and challenges posed by science. We hope that it will help lay the foundation for buil- ding a common and shared ocean culture.
Seas and Oceans are dynamic ecosystems. Oceans are very vast bodies of water. Wind blowing on the surface of the ocean has the greatest effect on the movement of surface water. Vertical or horizontal movement of both surface and deep water masses happen in the world’s oceans. They are called as Ocean currents. Currents normally move in certain specific directions. Hence, they aid in the circulation of the moisture on Earth. Because ocean currents circulate water worldwide, they have a significant impact on the movement of energy and moisture between the oceans and the atmosphere. As a result, they are important to the world’s weather.
1. DEFINITIONS OF OCEANOGRAPHY:-
2. Branches of oceanography
3. Nature of Oceanography
4. A Geographical approach into Oceanography
5. Importance of Oceanography
6. Contribution of oceanographers
7. DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN OCEANOGRAPHY
Thermohaline Circulation & Climate ChangeArulalan T
Today I have presented "The Thermohaline Circulation and Climate Change" as Mini-Project for our Science of Climate Change Course ! We can expect THC shutdown around 2050s... OMG ! Yes, we can expect "The Day After Tomorrow" around 2100... All the images credited to the reference papers except one T-S-Sigmat created by me using CDAT5.2.
Biological oceanography gradually grew into a major scientific discipline with all these observations of marine organisms and their environments. In this episode, the following modules are highlighted:1. Nature of marine environment, 2. Classification of Marine environment, 3. Role of abiotic parameters on marine life, 4. Marine Flora , and 5. Marine Fauna.
20100414 Herman Ridderinkhof Zeeonderzoek Aan Boord
1. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Sea research on board the
clipper Stad Amsterdam
with a focus on ocean currents and the role of
the ocean in the climate system
Prof. dr. ir. Herman Ridderinkhof
NIOZ is part of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
1
2. Our planet is blue and should not be called
‘earth’ but ‘ocean’
Measurements in the NIOZ database 2
5. Daily observations on board the clipper
Watersamples (in -80 freezer)
•Nutrients (P,N,Si)
•Viruses
•Bacteria
•Plankton
Sensor observations (CTD behind the clipper)
•Temperature
•Salinity
•Fluorescence
•transmission
5
6. More than one million virusses per milliliter
seawater….
Daily about 1023 infections in the
ocean!
…but what are the consequences
for the functioning of the marine
foodweb? 6
7. The ocean is a very important component of
the earth climate system
The ocean takes up CO2 from the atmosphere
The ocean has a very large capacity to store heat and
thereby functions as a ‘memory’ for the atmosphere (and
our daily weather)
Ocean currents redistribute heat over the planet
8. Surface circulation in the upper part of the
North Atlantic Ocean
Due to the northward heat transport and the westerly winds
the climate in western Europe is about 5 degrees warmer than
at a similar latitude in Norht America
9. El Nino: a natural oscillating climate
phenomenon with large societal
consequences
10. The average currents at the ocean surface are
known for centuries (discovered and described
by seaman)
Knowledge on theGulf
Stream has been used
for navigational
purposes since the
times of Columbus
11. A regular windfield causes a regular pattern of
surface currents: the big surface gyres in all
oceans; currents deduced from observations
from ships (dead reckoning)
12. Satellite picture of ocean temperature: the
influence of the ocean gyres in redistributing
heat is clearly visible
13. What happens in the deep sea? First observations
with German RV Meteor
14. Global overturning circulation with warm surface
currents and cold bottom currents
This overturning circulation connects all oceans and is
driven by density differences
14
15. The conveyor belt: a cartoon of the global 3D
overturning deep sea circulation
16. Climate change by changing ocean currents inspires
the media, and even Hollywood…..
17. The Netherlands participates in global
research programs on the ocean circulation
Long term observations with deep sea moorings; part of
the international program OceanSITES; focus on long
term variability
17
18. Measurements on currents, temperature,
salinity in the Indian Ocean (2000-2012)
Long term moorings in the
Mozambique Channel
18
19. Results of NIOZ-Utrecht University study
•No continuous boundary current (currents on nautical charts
(and the Bosatlas!) are wrong)
•Ocean eddies dominate
•Mozambique eddies influence the Agulhas current and thereby
the exchange between the Indian and Atlantic ocean
•Strong year to year variability 19
21. Recent knowledge: the ocean is full of
eddies that dominate the actual currents
Light
reflection by
plankton
Temperature
near
Californië
Chlorophyl near
Australië
22. Satellite measurements on the height of the
sea surface
•Red: higher sea surface
•Blue: lower sea surface
22
23. Actual ocean currents can be used in
planning the route of ships (also on the
clipper Stad Amsterdam??)
23
24. Oceans are characterized by their,
unobserved, large spatial variability
Recent observations
from the CTD on the temperature
clipper, Sunday 11 april
Showing
•Strong increase in
temperature (4 degrees)
•Strong decrease in
chlorophyll
chlorophyll
24
25. Oceans are characterized by their,
unobserved, large spatial variability
Route of the
clipper on
Sunday 11 april
25
26. Satellite observations on chlorophyll and sea
surface temperature also show large
variability
Sea surface temperature 12 april 2010
26
27. Satellite observations on chlorophyll and sea
surface temperature also show large
variability
Chlorophyll 12 april 2010
27
28. Oceans are very variable!
Eddies and currents in the ocean are similar to high
(low) pressure and wind in the atmosphere
Ocean current predictions will become similar to weather
predictions
Tropical cyclone Hudah, Mozambique Channel, 2000