1. The document discusses alternatives to lyophilization for drying pharmaceuticals and biologics, including spray drying, bubble drying, spray-freeze drying, stirred freeze drying, and foam drying. 2. It provides details on various drying processes and technologies such as Aktiv-Dry bubble drying and Niro spray drying systems. Case studies are presented on drying different materials like vaccines, antibodies, and insulin using these alternative methods. 3. Comparative results from studies drying live virus vaccines and monoclonal antibodies using lyophilization, spray drying, and foam drying are described, showing in some cases alternatives like foam drying produced more stable products.