The document discusses threats and opportunities related to plastic waste management in India. It notes that plastic waste generation is increasing as plastic usage grows. Currently, only about 60% of plastic waste is collected and 40% remains uncollected. Improper waste management can cause various environmental and health problems. The recycling industry in India involves both organized large recyclers and many smaller informal recyclers and waste pickers. The document outlines various opportunities to improve waste management through better segregation, collection, recycling technologies, and use of plastic waste in applications like road construction and cement kilns.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on fly ash utilization and disposal. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants. It can be utilized in construction materials like concrete and bricks to replace resources like cement, clay, and sand. It can also be used to reclaim land or stabilize soil. However, much of the fly ash currently produced worldwide is disposed of in landfills or ash ponds, which can pollute air, water, and soil if not properly managed. The presentation discusses the composition, types, production, uses, disposal methods, and environmental impacts of fly ash.
Production of Bioplastic Film using Biodegradable Resin, PLA (Polylactic Acid)Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Production of Bioplastic Film using Biodegradable Resin, PLA (Polylactic Acid). Biodegradable Film Manufacturing Business - Sustainable Alternative to Plastics
Bioplastic is a biodegradable material that come from renewable sources and can be used to reduce the problem of plastic waste that is suffocating the planet and polluting the environment.
These are 100% degradable, equally resistant and versatile, already used in agriculture, textile industry, medicine and, over all, in the container and packaging market, and biopolymers are already becoming popular in cities throughout Europe and the United States for ecological reasons: they are known as PHA.
Advantages of Bioplastics:
• They reduce carbon footprint
• They providing energy savings in production
• They do not involve the consumption of non-renewable raw materials
• Their production reduces non-biodegradable waste that contaminates the environment
• They do not contain additives that are harmful to health, such as phthalates or Bisphenol A
• They do not change the flavor or scent of the food contained
See more
https://goo.gl/54LqSQ
https://goo.gl/EaPVp1
https://goo.gl/QJQWFT
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Production of Biodegradable Plastic Films, Production of Biodegradable Plastic Packaging Film, Production of Bioplastic Products, Bioplastic Production, Bioplastic Film for Food Packaging, Production of Bioplastic, Bioplastic Manufacturing Process Pdf, Bioplastic Production Process, Bioplastic Production PPT, Bioplastic Manufacturing Plant, Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Process, Film Production from Bioplastics, Bioplastic Film Production, Bio Plastic Films, 100% Recyclable & Biodegradable Plastic Film, Bioplastics Film, Bioplastics Industry, Bioplastics Industry, How to Start a Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Company? Applications of Bioplastics, Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Biodegradable and Compostable Alternatives to Conventional Plastics, Biodegradable Plastic, Bioplastic Production, Project Report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Project Report on Bioplastic Film Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Bioplastic Film Production, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Bioplastic Film Production, Feasibility report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Free Project Profile on Bioplastic Film Production, Project profile on Bio plastic Film Production, Download free project profile on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Corn Starch Bioplastic Film, Bioplastic film compounds, Bioplastic Films Replacing Conventional Plastic Films
Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics Production. Profitable Business Ideas on Biodegradable Products Manufacturing.
The non-biodegradable plastic products, which are commonly used in households, cannot be recycled for 400 years. Products like plastic carry bags, if disposed unscientifically, are hard to decompose and are a massive threat to soil cultivation
For More Details, Click Here:- https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/biodegradable-products-recyclable-disposable-eco-friendly-plastics-bioplastics-compostable-biodegradable-packaging-for-food-products-bio-based-polymers-oxo-biodegradable-plastics-bio-nanocomposites-using-maize-corn-sugarcane-bagasse/z,,5a,0,a/index.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
This document discusses the pulp and paper industry. It describes the production process, from raw materials to the various sub-processes involved, including pulping, bleaching, paper production, and recycling. It notes the environmental problems generated, including air and water pollution. It then outlines various cleaner production measures that mills have implemented to reduce waste, water usage, and emissions, such as improving chemical recovery systems, reusing materials, and increasing recycling rates. The ideal paper mill is described as being chlorine-free, zero discharge, and implementing closed loop systems to minimize resource usage and waste generation.
This document discusses solid and hazardous waste management, with a focus on methods of collection, transfer stations, and landfilling. It provides details on:
1. Factors that affect the rate of solid waste generation such as location, season, culture, and public attitudes.
2. Proper handling and separation of solid waste to prevent pollution, including covering waste, containing stormwater runoff, and labeling hazardous materials.
3. The need for transfer stations between collection and long-distance transportation to optimize vehicle usage and minimize transportation time. Transfer stations can be either level or split-level designs.
4. Sanitary landfilling as a disposal method where waste is compacted and covered daily to avoid nu
This document describes the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of Delta Knit Composite Ltd. The ETP uses a biological treatment process to treat 120 m3/hr of industrial wastewater. The treatment process includes screening, equalization, pH correction, aeration, sedimentation, sludge thickening, and recycling of sludge. The ETP is able to reduce pollutants in the wastewater and produce treated effluent that can be safely discharged and dried sludge.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on fly ash utilization and disposal. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants. It can be utilized in construction materials like concrete and bricks to replace resources like cement, clay, and sand. It can also be used to reclaim land or stabilize soil. However, much of the fly ash currently produced worldwide is disposed of in landfills or ash ponds, which can pollute air, water, and soil if not properly managed. The presentation discusses the composition, types, production, uses, disposal methods, and environmental impacts of fly ash.
Production of Bioplastic Film using Biodegradable Resin, PLA (Polylactic Acid)Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Production of Bioplastic Film using Biodegradable Resin, PLA (Polylactic Acid). Biodegradable Film Manufacturing Business - Sustainable Alternative to Plastics
Bioplastic is a biodegradable material that come from renewable sources and can be used to reduce the problem of plastic waste that is suffocating the planet and polluting the environment.
These are 100% degradable, equally resistant and versatile, already used in agriculture, textile industry, medicine and, over all, in the container and packaging market, and biopolymers are already becoming popular in cities throughout Europe and the United States for ecological reasons: they are known as PHA.
Advantages of Bioplastics:
• They reduce carbon footprint
• They providing energy savings in production
• They do not involve the consumption of non-renewable raw materials
• Their production reduces non-biodegradable waste that contaminates the environment
• They do not contain additives that are harmful to health, such as phthalates or Bisphenol A
• They do not change the flavor or scent of the food contained
See more
https://goo.gl/54LqSQ
https://goo.gl/EaPVp1
https://goo.gl/QJQWFT
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Production of Biodegradable Plastic Films, Production of Biodegradable Plastic Packaging Film, Production of Bioplastic Products, Bioplastic Production, Bioplastic Film for Food Packaging, Production of Bioplastic, Bioplastic Manufacturing Process Pdf, Bioplastic Production Process, Bioplastic Production PPT, Bioplastic Manufacturing Plant, Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Process, Film Production from Bioplastics, Bioplastic Film Production, Bio Plastic Films, 100% Recyclable & Biodegradable Plastic Film, Bioplastics Film, Bioplastics Industry, Bioplastics Industry, How to Start a Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Company? Applications of Bioplastics, Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Biodegradable and Compostable Alternatives to Conventional Plastics, Biodegradable Plastic, Bioplastic Production, Project Report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Project Report on Bioplastic Film Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Bioplastic Film Production, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Bioplastic Film Production, Feasibility report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Free Project Profile on Bioplastic Film Production, Project profile on Bio plastic Film Production, Download free project profile on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Corn Starch Bioplastic Film, Bioplastic film compounds, Bioplastic Films Replacing Conventional Plastic Films
Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics Production. Profitable Business Ideas on Biodegradable Products Manufacturing.
The non-biodegradable plastic products, which are commonly used in households, cannot be recycled for 400 years. Products like plastic carry bags, if disposed unscientifically, are hard to decompose and are a massive threat to soil cultivation
For More Details, Click Here:- https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/biodegradable-products-recyclable-disposable-eco-friendly-plastics-bioplastics-compostable-biodegradable-packaging-for-food-products-bio-based-polymers-oxo-biodegradable-plastics-bio-nanocomposites-using-maize-corn-sugarcane-bagasse/z,,5a,0,a/index.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
This document discusses the pulp and paper industry. It describes the production process, from raw materials to the various sub-processes involved, including pulping, bleaching, paper production, and recycling. It notes the environmental problems generated, including air and water pollution. It then outlines various cleaner production measures that mills have implemented to reduce waste, water usage, and emissions, such as improving chemical recovery systems, reusing materials, and increasing recycling rates. The ideal paper mill is described as being chlorine-free, zero discharge, and implementing closed loop systems to minimize resource usage and waste generation.
This document discusses solid and hazardous waste management, with a focus on methods of collection, transfer stations, and landfilling. It provides details on:
1. Factors that affect the rate of solid waste generation such as location, season, culture, and public attitudes.
2. Proper handling and separation of solid waste to prevent pollution, including covering waste, containing stormwater runoff, and labeling hazardous materials.
3. The need for transfer stations between collection and long-distance transportation to optimize vehicle usage and minimize transportation time. Transfer stations can be either level or split-level designs.
4. Sanitary landfilling as a disposal method where waste is compacted and covered daily to avoid nu
This document describes the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of Delta Knit Composite Ltd. The ETP uses a biological treatment process to treat 120 m3/hr of industrial wastewater. The treatment process includes screening, equalization, pH correction, aeration, sedimentation, sludge thickening, and recycling of sludge. The ETP is able to reduce pollutants in the wastewater and produce treated effluent that can be safely discharged and dried sludge.
Fuel from waste plastic by pyrolysis
Plastic is used [ PP, HDPE, LDPE, PS] .
By :
1-Ali Jumaah Thamer
2-Ali Kadhim Morwad
3- Muslim Kareem
4-Omar Montaser
Iraq-Basra
Basics of wood, pulp and paper november 2012SappiHouston
The document discusses the process of transforming wood into pulp and paper. It describes how trees are debarked, chipped, and processed either mechanically or chemically to produce different types of pulp. Mechanical pulp retains lignin and produces lower quality paper while chemical pulp removes lignin and results in stronger paper but at lower yield. The document outlines the key steps to make both mechanical and chemical pulp and explains how different pulp types are suited for different paper applications.
The document proposes a project to research converting food waste to compost at a school in Singapore. It notes that food waste is often mixed with other waste instead of being separated, which is bad for the environment. The project would have students and cafeteria workers separate food waste, which would then be composted on school grounds. The composting process and extracting useful gases would be studied. Support from the school and Panasonic is requested to help with bins, safety equipment, and analyzing the results.
The document discusses the pulp and paper industry process from obtaining timber to paper production. Key steps include debarking, chipping, cooking/pulping (mechanical or chemical processes), bleaching, screening, refining, papermaking. Environmental problems from air emissions, water effluents and solid waste are also covered. Effluent treatment methods like screening, sedimentation, biological treatment and anaerobic technologies help reduce pollution.
This document summarizes the solid waste management system in Bangladesh. It discusses the sources and types of solid waste, the current waste management practices, and impacts of waste disposal on the environment. The current system is inadequate, with unsegregated waste collection and dumping. The document suggests implementing integrated collection, selective segregation, and generating energy from waste to improve the system. It also recommends increasing waste sorting and management education in Bangladesh.
The document discusses the various sources and types of wastewater produced by textile mills. It explains that textile wastewater contains dyes and chemicals used in dyeing and finishing processes. The largest sources of wastewater are from cotton and wool processing, which use chemicals like acids, bases, surfactants and oils at various stages. These wastewaters contain pollutants like COD, BOD, suspended solids, metals, and dye residues. The document outlines treatment methods for textile wastewater including preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments to remove pollutants before discharge or reuse.
The document provides an overview of the Indian paper industry. It notes that India is the 15th largest paper producer in the world, with the industry employing nearly 1.5 million people. Per capita paper consumption in India is estimated to be 7 kg in 2006, much lower than global and Asian averages. The industry is expected to face challenges in meeting growing demand due to constraints on raw material availability. Projections estimate paper demand in India could double by 2015 and reach 21 million tonnes by 2020.
Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable oils, corn starch, and pea starch rather than fossil fuels. They are designed to biodegrade and have less environmental impact than traditional plastics. Major types of bioplastics include PLA, PHA, and starch blends. While bioplastics reduce dependence on fossil fuels and hazardous waste, they remain more expensive than traditional plastics. Companies are working to lower costs and expand infrastructure to increase adoption of biodegradable alternatives.
Waste minimization techniques include reducing waste at the source, reusing materials, recycling, recovering resources from waste, and properly treating and disposing of waste. India generates over 0.1 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per day. Common waste minimization strategies are avoiding waste production, reducing usage of materials, reusing items through repair or finding new purposes, and recycling materials like paper, plastic and metal. Industries can adopt techniques like good housekeeping, process changes and technology upgrades to minimize waste. Proper waste management benefits the environment and public health while improving cost savings and competitiveness for organizations.
This document discusses how waste management relates to the concept of a circular economy in the context of the emerging third industrial revolution. It describes how waste management has evolved over the course of previous industrial revolutions from a public health issue to a regulated industry. The concept of a circular economy aims to improve resource productivity and control scarcity through closed-loop material flows and business models. The third industrial revolution, driven by new technologies, presents both a threat and opportunity for transitioning to more circular models of production and consumption.
This document discusses solid recovered fuels (SRF) produced in Japan from municipal solid waste and industrial waste. It provides details on:
1) The types of SRF produced in Japan, including refuse derived fuel (RDF) from municipal waste and refuse derived paper and plastics fuel (RPF) from industrial waste. RDF has a lower calorific value than RPF.
2) Production quantities and uses of RDF and RPF. RPF is used mainly by paper mills and printers, while RDF capacity and use is much lower due to past safety issues.
3) Quality standards for RDF and RPF to ensure stable heating value, moisture content, and limits on hazardous materials
This document discusses solid waste generation and characteristics. It defines solid waste according to EPA regulations and generally as useless or unwanted solid materials from human activities. Solid waste sources include residential, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal services, treatment plants, industrial, agricultural, and biomedical. The composition of municipal solid waste varies globally and domestically depending on factors like customs, living standards, location, and climate. On average in India, food and garden waste make up 40% of solid waste, while paper accounts for 27%. The document also provides statistics on solid waste generation and management challenges in India.
The document discusses modern waste management techniques. It defines waste and waste management. Some key techniques discussed include recycling, composting, vermicomposting, landfilling, incineration, bioremediation, waste-to-energy, and using remote sensing and GIS. Recycling techniques in different countries are mentioned. Composting and vermicomposting reduce environmental impacts and enrich soil nutrients. Landfilling and incineration can produce energy from methane and heat. Bioremediation and waste-to-energy are more environmentally friendly. Remote sensing and GIS help identify suitable waste disposal sites. The conclusion discusses how these techniques can create a cleaner environment for future generations when policies are properly implemented
The document discusses biological treatment as a method for removing contaminants from wastewater. It describes how bacteria and microorganisms break down organic materials through assimilation. There are various physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods outlined, with biological treatment being the focus. The key types of biological treatment systems discussed are activated sludge treatment, trickling filtration, and constructed wetlands. The document provides details on the process, equipment, advantages, and output quality of biological wastewater treatment.
Plastics are synthetic polymers that are durable, lightweight and inexpensive materials. However, they persist in the environment for centuries and have caused widespread pollution. Only a small percentage of plastics are recycled each year, with the rest accumulating in landfills and oceans. This poses threats to wildlife through entanglement and ingestion of plastic debris. Reducing plastic use and improving waste management strategies are needed to curb further environmental damage.
This document discusses plastic waste and its impacts. It provides background on plastics, describing their history and production levels over time. Several types and categories of plastics are identified. Sources of plastic waste include various consumer and industrial products. The impacts of plastic waste include harm to the environment, wildlife, and potentially human health. Methods for managing plastic waste include recycling, incineration, landfilling, and emerging technologies like plasma pyrolysis. Future trends in plastic waste are also addressed.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and their effects. It describes concepts of waste management including reduce, reuse and recycle. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, transport, disposal and technologies are explained. Recommendations are made to improve waste management through increased public awareness, prohibiting littering, and moving from open dumping to sanitary landfilling.
This document discusses sources of technical knowledge for the plastics industry, focusing on classifications of plastics, important properties for designers, manufacturers and customers, materials and manufacturing methods, strategies for improvement, basic economics, and case studies of high-return plastic projects. It provides information on plastic consumption trends, commodity vs engineering plastics, important design and manufacturing properties, manufacturing methods like injection molding and rotational molding, standards, design for manufacturing strategies, project cost estimation, basic economic analysis, and examples of profitable plastic product lines.
Fuel from waste plastic by pyrolysis
Plastic is used [ PP, HDPE, LDPE, PS] .
By :
1-Ali Jumaah Thamer
2-Ali Kadhim Morwad
3- Muslim Kareem
4-Omar Montaser
Iraq-Basra
Basics of wood, pulp and paper november 2012SappiHouston
The document discusses the process of transforming wood into pulp and paper. It describes how trees are debarked, chipped, and processed either mechanically or chemically to produce different types of pulp. Mechanical pulp retains lignin and produces lower quality paper while chemical pulp removes lignin and results in stronger paper but at lower yield. The document outlines the key steps to make both mechanical and chemical pulp and explains how different pulp types are suited for different paper applications.
The document proposes a project to research converting food waste to compost at a school in Singapore. It notes that food waste is often mixed with other waste instead of being separated, which is bad for the environment. The project would have students and cafeteria workers separate food waste, which would then be composted on school grounds. The composting process and extracting useful gases would be studied. Support from the school and Panasonic is requested to help with bins, safety equipment, and analyzing the results.
The document discusses the pulp and paper industry process from obtaining timber to paper production. Key steps include debarking, chipping, cooking/pulping (mechanical or chemical processes), bleaching, screening, refining, papermaking. Environmental problems from air emissions, water effluents and solid waste are also covered. Effluent treatment methods like screening, sedimentation, biological treatment and anaerobic technologies help reduce pollution.
This document summarizes the solid waste management system in Bangladesh. It discusses the sources and types of solid waste, the current waste management practices, and impacts of waste disposal on the environment. The current system is inadequate, with unsegregated waste collection and dumping. The document suggests implementing integrated collection, selective segregation, and generating energy from waste to improve the system. It also recommends increasing waste sorting and management education in Bangladesh.
The document discusses the various sources and types of wastewater produced by textile mills. It explains that textile wastewater contains dyes and chemicals used in dyeing and finishing processes. The largest sources of wastewater are from cotton and wool processing, which use chemicals like acids, bases, surfactants and oils at various stages. These wastewaters contain pollutants like COD, BOD, suspended solids, metals, and dye residues. The document outlines treatment methods for textile wastewater including preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatments to remove pollutants before discharge or reuse.
The document provides an overview of the Indian paper industry. It notes that India is the 15th largest paper producer in the world, with the industry employing nearly 1.5 million people. Per capita paper consumption in India is estimated to be 7 kg in 2006, much lower than global and Asian averages. The industry is expected to face challenges in meeting growing demand due to constraints on raw material availability. Projections estimate paper demand in India could double by 2015 and reach 21 million tonnes by 2020.
Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable oils, corn starch, and pea starch rather than fossil fuels. They are designed to biodegrade and have less environmental impact than traditional plastics. Major types of bioplastics include PLA, PHA, and starch blends. While bioplastics reduce dependence on fossil fuels and hazardous waste, they remain more expensive than traditional plastics. Companies are working to lower costs and expand infrastructure to increase adoption of biodegradable alternatives.
Waste minimization techniques include reducing waste at the source, reusing materials, recycling, recovering resources from waste, and properly treating and disposing of waste. India generates over 0.1 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per day. Common waste minimization strategies are avoiding waste production, reducing usage of materials, reusing items through repair or finding new purposes, and recycling materials like paper, plastic and metal. Industries can adopt techniques like good housekeeping, process changes and technology upgrades to minimize waste. Proper waste management benefits the environment and public health while improving cost savings and competitiveness for organizations.
This document discusses how waste management relates to the concept of a circular economy in the context of the emerging third industrial revolution. It describes how waste management has evolved over the course of previous industrial revolutions from a public health issue to a regulated industry. The concept of a circular economy aims to improve resource productivity and control scarcity through closed-loop material flows and business models. The third industrial revolution, driven by new technologies, presents both a threat and opportunity for transitioning to more circular models of production and consumption.
This document discusses solid recovered fuels (SRF) produced in Japan from municipal solid waste and industrial waste. It provides details on:
1) The types of SRF produced in Japan, including refuse derived fuel (RDF) from municipal waste and refuse derived paper and plastics fuel (RPF) from industrial waste. RDF has a lower calorific value than RPF.
2) Production quantities and uses of RDF and RPF. RPF is used mainly by paper mills and printers, while RDF capacity and use is much lower due to past safety issues.
3) Quality standards for RDF and RPF to ensure stable heating value, moisture content, and limits on hazardous materials
This document discusses solid waste generation and characteristics. It defines solid waste according to EPA regulations and generally as useless or unwanted solid materials from human activities. Solid waste sources include residential, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal services, treatment plants, industrial, agricultural, and biomedical. The composition of municipal solid waste varies globally and domestically depending on factors like customs, living standards, location, and climate. On average in India, food and garden waste make up 40% of solid waste, while paper accounts for 27%. The document also provides statistics on solid waste generation and management challenges in India.
The document discusses modern waste management techniques. It defines waste and waste management. Some key techniques discussed include recycling, composting, vermicomposting, landfilling, incineration, bioremediation, waste-to-energy, and using remote sensing and GIS. Recycling techniques in different countries are mentioned. Composting and vermicomposting reduce environmental impacts and enrich soil nutrients. Landfilling and incineration can produce energy from methane and heat. Bioremediation and waste-to-energy are more environmentally friendly. Remote sensing and GIS help identify suitable waste disposal sites. The conclusion discusses how these techniques can create a cleaner environment for future generations when policies are properly implemented
The document discusses biological treatment as a method for removing contaminants from wastewater. It describes how bacteria and microorganisms break down organic materials through assimilation. There are various physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods outlined, with biological treatment being the focus. The key types of biological treatment systems discussed are activated sludge treatment, trickling filtration, and constructed wetlands. The document provides details on the process, equipment, advantages, and output quality of biological wastewater treatment.
Plastics are synthetic polymers that are durable, lightweight and inexpensive materials. However, they persist in the environment for centuries and have caused widespread pollution. Only a small percentage of plastics are recycled each year, with the rest accumulating in landfills and oceans. This poses threats to wildlife through entanglement and ingestion of plastic debris. Reducing plastic use and improving waste management strategies are needed to curb further environmental damage.
This document discusses plastic waste and its impacts. It provides background on plastics, describing their history and production levels over time. Several types and categories of plastics are identified. Sources of plastic waste include various consumer and industrial products. The impacts of plastic waste include harm to the environment, wildlife, and potentially human health. Methods for managing plastic waste include recycling, incineration, landfilling, and emerging technologies like plasma pyrolysis. Future trends in plastic waste are also addressed.
The document discusses solid waste management. It defines different types of solid waste and their effects. It describes concepts of waste management including reduce, reuse and recycle. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, transport, disposal and technologies are explained. Recommendations are made to improve waste management through increased public awareness, prohibiting littering, and moving from open dumping to sanitary landfilling.
This document discusses sources of technical knowledge for the plastics industry, focusing on classifications of plastics, important properties for designers, manufacturers and customers, materials and manufacturing methods, strategies for improvement, basic economics, and case studies of high-return plastic projects. It provides information on plastic consumption trends, commodity vs engineering plastics, important design and manufacturing properties, manufacturing methods like injection molding and rotational molding, standards, design for manufacturing strategies, project cost estimation, basic economic analysis, and examples of profitable plastic product lines.
Plastic Logic is a company that develops organic electronic technology for electronic paper displays. It was founded in 2000 at the University of Cambridge and is now headquartered in California. Plastic Logic focuses on research and development to create new electronic devices using organic materials rather than silicon. It has received funding from various private investors and partnerships with technology and media companies. While Plastic Logic has not yet released a commercial product, it aims to develop fully flexible and lightweight electronic readers and displays.
Plastic Waste Management by Dr. A.B. Harapanahalli, DIRECTOR, Ministry of Env...India Water Portal
Presentation by Dr. A.B. Harapanahalli at the Seminar on Packaged Water Industry in India which was organised by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) on 30th June 2009.
To know more click on the link http://indiawaterportal.org/post/6790
We thank CII and the presenters for giving us permission to make these presentations available online.
The document summarizes various vasodilator drugs including hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide, and sodium nitroprusside. It discusses the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, indications, contraindications and adverse effects of each drug. The drugs act by relaxing vascular smooth muscles through different mechanisms like opening potassium channels, causing vasodilation and reducing blood pressure and peripheral resistance. They may cause compensatory responses like increased heart rate and are often used with other drugs like beta blockers and diuretics.
ABSTRACT
The parenteral administration route is the most effective and common form of delivery for active drug substances with poor bioavailability and the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Drug delivery technology that can reduce the total number of injection throughout the drug therapy period will be truly advantageous not only in terms of compliance, but also to improve the quality of the therapy and also may reduce the dosage frequency. Such reduction in frequency of drug dosing is achieved by the use of specific formulation technologies that guarantee the release of the active drug substance in a slow and predictable manner. The development of new injectable drug delivery system has received considerable attention over the past few years. A number of technological advances have been made in the area of parenteral drug delivery leading to the development of sophisticated systems that allow drug targeting and the sustained or controlled release of parenteral medicines.
Parenteral controlled drug delivery system sushmithaDanish Kurien
This document provides an overview of parenteral controlled drug delivery systems, including their objectives, advantages, types of formulations, approaches for formulation, routes of administration, additives used, and recent developments. The key types of formulations discussed are dissolution-controlled depots, adsorption-type depots, encapsulation-type depots, and esterification-type depots. Various approaches for implants and infusion devices are also summarized.
Plastics are polymers made of repeating monomer units chemically bonded together. There are two main types of plastics: thermoplastics which can be remolded and thermosetting plastics which cannot. Plastics have advantages like durability, safety and low cost but disadvantages include taking hundreds of years to decompose in landfills, releasing pollutants during production and disposal, and threatening wildlife when littered. Efforts to reduce plastic waste focus on recycling, developing biodegradable alternatives, and converting waste plastics into fuel.
This document provides information on various aspects of medication administration in a nursing context. It discusses definitions of key terms, indications for drug use, routes of administration including oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular and more. It also covers assessing patients, drug orders, rights of medication administration, policies, guidelines and procedures for safely preparing and giving different types of medications to patients.
The document discusses plastic waste management in India. It outlines that plastic waste has increased significantly due to population growth and urbanization. It then describes various strategies for plastic waste management, including recycling, landfilling, incineration, using plastic in road construction, co-processing plastic in cement kilns, plasma pyrolysis technology, and converting plastic into liquid fuels. The document emphasizes that plastic waste management is important due to urbanization and that both technological and behavioral challenges still exist.
Hi i'am Sean , i study in OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL .This is a power point on plastics , to help us understand what is a plastic , what are the types of plastic and what harm do they cause to our environment
Plastic poses serious threats to the environment and human life. It pollutes oceans and beaches, kills animals that ingest it, and takes over 1000 years to decompose. The production of plastic involves toxic chemicals like benzene that can cause cancer. Recycling plastic is also hazardous due to toxic fumes. Individual actions like reducing single-use plastic bag use and recycling bags can help address this problem.
What Are My Company’S Strengths And Weaknessessas1007
This document discusses how to use a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis to increase business profits by understanding a company's internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. It provides an overview of what a SWOT analysis is, how to conduct one, including establishing a team and collaboratively discussing each category. The analysis can then be used to identify strategic alternatives, create an action plan, prioritize tasks, and manage projects to capitalize on strengths and opportunities while overcoming weaknesses and threats. Regularly repeating the SWOT process is important for evaluating a business's current situation.
Even if you already know what a SWOT analysis is and what it’s used for, it can be tough to translate that information into something you can action.
It can also be hard to examine your own business with a critical eye if you’re not entirely sure what you should be examining.
Reading an example SWOT analysis for a business that is either in your industry or based on a comparable business model can help get you started.
All of our SWOT analysis examples are based on real businesses that we’ve featured in our gallery of free sample business plans on bplans.com
The following 6 examples are
broken into three parts:
1. A quick introduction to the company.
2. The company’s SWOT analysis.
3. Some potential growth strategies for the company based on what’s revealed by the SWOT analysis.
Solid waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes. There are different types of wastes including solid, liquid, biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and hazardous wastes. Municipal solid waste is a major type and comes from households, commercial areas, and construction sites. Common solid waste management methods include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling/reuse. Proper waste management is important for public health and environmental protection.
This document discusses recycled and certified papers and provides information about Antalis, a leading European distributor of papers and packaging products. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Antalis operates in print, office, packaging, and visual communication providing various paper products to over 230,000 customers worldwide. The document discusses recycled paper and the de-inking process used to create recycled fibers from waste paper. It promotes the environmental benefits of using recycled paper which requires less energy and resources to produce compared to virgin fiber paper.
The document outlines Austin's Zero Waste plan and goals. It defines Zero Waste as eliminating waste discharges by emulating sustainable natural cycles. The plan aims to reduce waste volume and toxicity through redesign, increase reuse and recycling, and eliminate burning or burying waste. Austin adopted a Zero Waste plan in 2009 with goals of reducing residential waste streams to 80% by 2025 and 90% by 2030 through expanded collection services, a new materials recovery facility, and public-private partnerships.
This document discusses the Umweltcluster Bayern, a network in Bavaria, Germany that connects businesses, research institutions, and public organizations in the environmental technology sector. The cluster aims to drive innovation by facilitating cooperation between members and supporting the development and commercialization of new environmental technologies. It focuses on key areas like water treatment, waste management, recycling, and renewable energy. The cluster has over 100 company members and supporting institutions and organizes conferences, working groups, pilot projects, and other initiatives to promote collaboration and technology development in the German environmental industry.
This document discusses reducing solid waste output through focusing on recyclable materials. It identifies the types of solid and recyclable waste like paper, aluminum, glass, wood, cardboard, and plastics. It presents a waste cycle chart that shows the movement of materials from identification to segregation to processing to recycling. The document notes a corporate goal of using 100% renewable materials by 2025 and how vendor relations support this goal through packaging compliance and communication.
This document discusses the concept of zero waste and its potential benefits for India. It defines zero waste as a goal that reduces waste volume and toxicity through redesigning products and recognizing waste as a resource. The key aspects of zero waste are reduce, redesign, repair, reuse, and recycle. Achieving zero waste could create new jobs in reuse and recycling industries. It would also reduce waste transportation and related emissions. India could benefit from zero waste through carbon credits, cost savings, decentralized treatment, new policies, and incentives to promote education, clean technologies, and green jobs. Full implementation of zero waste principles would help work towards a more sustainable future.
This document discusses waste management strategies in Ghana and opportunities for biofuel production from municipal solid waste. It notes that Ghana currently recycles only 12% of its waste and dumps 88%. Two key projects are highlighted: 1) A Zoomlion/KNUST/DTU biofuel research project that converts waste to biogas and bioethanol. 2) An Accra compost plant project managed by Zoomlion to produce compost from organic waste. The document advocates for more investment in appropriate technologies, capacity building, and public-private partnerships to improve Ghana's waste management and biofuel potential from municipal solid waste.
IRJET-Review Paper on Use of Waste Plastic, Waste Rubber and Fly Ash in Bitum...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of waste plastic, waste rubber, and fly ash in bituminous mixes. Several studies have found that partially replacing conventional materials in road mixes with these wastes can improve the mechanical properties of the mixes, including stability, stiffness, density, and resistance to water. The waste materials also help reduce environmental pollution by providing eco-friendly disposal methods. Specifically, waste plastic and rubber can improve the binding properties when added to bitumen and aggregates. Addition of up to 4% plastic and 1% rubber was found to increase stability while meeting other specifications. Using these wastes also reduces usage of conventional materials and cuts pollution from their disposal.
Plastic Waste Management and Recycling Technology : P1Vignesh Sekar
The main objective of this presentation is to emphasise the reduced use of plastic and the beneficial management of plastic waste. This also includes alternative measures for the substitution of the synthetic polymers. Efficient transformation of plastic into energy and fuel. Controlling the impact of plastic waste on the environment. Making our environment an eco-friendly zone.
Use of Plastic Waste In Road ConstructionIRJET Journal
- The document discusses using plastic waste in road construction as a way to dispose of plastic while improving the properties of bituminous mixes used to build roadways.
- Experiments were conducted replacing 6-8% of bitumen's weight with plastic waste like polythene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. This was found to increase properties like ductility and the melting point of the bitumen mix.
- Tests on mixes using 11.5% milk bag plastic waste found ductility of 76.8 cm, penetration of 47mm, and a softening point of 58.6°C, representing improvements over mixes without plastic waste. Using plastic waste in road construction provides an eco-friendly
6 outreach positive contributions of plasticsAIPMA
The document discusses strategies and opportunities for the plastics industry. It notes that plastics are often perceived negatively in terms of health, environment and waste management. However, plastics have positive contributions by reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to alternatives. The plastics industry needs to promote its environmental and social responsibilities. Efforts are being made in India through organizations like ICPE to encourage sustainable plastic waste management and develop standards. Collaboration between stakeholders is important to ensure plastics are used without harming people or the environment.
Plastic has brought immense benefits to the whole human race. The light weight, cheap chemical resistant and strong material has got almost omnipotent presence. When we talk of its strength we talk of the time till it survives and to everyone’s knowledge plastic does not bio-degrade. Yes, plastic the greatest invention of mankind has the power to even destroy mankind. Plastic that is not biodegradable brings a lot of environmental issues. It deteriorates the ozone layer. For the most part plastic is produced from oil. The world is progressively running out of oil. Research says plastic brings number of harms not only to humans but also the entire cosmos. The plastic which cannot be recycled has to be disposed off in some or the other way. Let’s say if we dispose in water it has the tendency to destroy marine life. So the only way left to reduce the ill effects of plastic is to use eco-friendly or biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decay in usual aerobic environments.
See More at : http://goo.gl/84r5cM
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Bio plastics Business, Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics, Biodegradable plastic products, Biodegradable Plastics, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Based Profitable Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Industry in India, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Small Business Manufacturing, Biodegradable Plastics business, Biodegradable Plastics Eco Friendly Plastics, Biodegradable plastics from polylactic acid, Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources, Biodegradable plastics from wheat starch, Biodegradable Plastics: Starting a business, Biodegradable polymer, Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics, Biodegradable polyolefins, Biodegradation of acylated sugar-linked poly(styrene Maleic anhydride), Biomineralization of the sugar-linked poly(styrene maleic Anhydride), Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics, Biotechnology, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business guidance for Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers industry, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Degradable plastics for composting, Good Scope in Biodegradable Plastic Products, Great Opportunity for Startup, How are bioplastics made, How to Start a Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business, How to start a successful Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers business, How to Start Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Industry in India, How to start plastic recycling business, Managing Bioplastics Business Innovation in Start up, modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business Ideas
Sirris materials day 2011 renewable materials in a changing economy - stefa...Sirris
The document discusses renewable materials and trends in sustainable materials. It notes that renewable materials are an increasing focus due to corporate social responsibility and economic volatility in commodity prices. The document outlines some initiatives to promote renewable materials including green public procurement programs and regulations around extended producer responsibility. It also discusses challenges around measuring and labeling sustainable materials and closing the loop in materials cycles.
This document discusses alternatives to polystyrene food service ware that are compostable and biobased. It notes the environmental issues with polystyrene including that it is non-renewable, generally non-biodegradable, and has low recycling rates. Compostable biobased alternatives are highlighted as renewable options that can break down in composting systems. The document outlines the benefits of composting food waste and provides examples of programs that have successfully utilized compostable food service products on a large scale.
This document summarizes a case study on the failure of traditional solid waste management approaches in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. It found that dumping waste at the Gokarna Landfill site contaminated nearby water sources. Analyzing monitoring points showed water quality exceeded WHO guidelines for coliform and heavy metals. A community survey also revealed lack of awareness and involvement in planning led to resentment and hampered monitoring. The study concludes that waste issues require a people-centered approach with community consultation, education and cooperation, rather than a purely technical solution, to avoid negative environmental and health impacts.
Biodegradable films from food grade industrial waste Rajvardhan Patil
This chapter underscores the significance of biodegradable films in the contemporary and future food industry. It emphasizes the utilization of food-grade industrial waste for the production of these films, showcasing their potential. Furthermore, the chapter presents several case studies to illustrate the practical applications and benefits of biodegradable films in various contexts.
IRJET- Substituting Natural Fiber by Plastic WasteIRJET Journal
This document discusses substituting natural fibers like rice straw with plastic waste in composite materials to enhance sustainability. Plastic waste is a major environmental issue in developing countries like India due to high population growth. The objective is to improve the mechanical properties of plastics by reinforcing with treated natural fibers. Rice straw will be treated through chemical and carbonization methods before being reinforced in plastic composites. The composites will be tested to analyze the effect of fiber reinforcement on flexural and tensile strength compared to non-reinforced recycled plastic.
This document provides information on plastic waste reuse, recycling, and disposal with an emphasis on single-use plastics. It defines plastics as petroleum products made of hydrocarbons that are non-biodegradable. It classifies plastics as thermosetting or thermoplastic and lists the most commonly used plastics. The document discusses single-use plastic products, plastic waste generation rates in India, the impacts of plastic pollution, and the government's Plastic Waste Management Rules. It provides responsibilities for local bodies, waste generators, and outlines innovative technologies for plastic waste disposal and management best practices to implement.
GRI and Bloomberg: the value of ESG datamarjella82
This webinar provided an overview of how and why companies should produce their first sustainability report using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework. It reviewed the key elements of GRI reporting including disclosures, performance indicators, and application levels. It also highlighted resources available from GRI to help with reporting, such as guidelines, sector supplements, templates, and training. Finally, it discussed trends showing increasing adoption of GRI reporting worldwide and in the US.
Similar to 2 waste management threats and opportunities (19)
The document provides information on how the Competition Act of 2002 impacts trade associations in India. It discusses how trade associations can violate the act through anticompetitive agreements or facilitating prohibited information exchanges between competitors. The Competition Commission of India has found some trade associations guilty of cartel-like behavior in the past, such as the film producers association engaging in boycotts and price fixing. Trade associations need to avoid facilitating discussions around prices, markets, bids, and exchanges of sensitive competitive information to stay compliant with the act.
This document summarizes the state of the Indian economy in 2012. It notes that global growth estimates have been revised downward. While the US and European economies have not fully recovered from recession, India's growth is projected to slow as well, impacted by weakness abroad. Exports from India are declining, particularly to Europe, ASEAN and Northeast Asia. Capital inflows to India have also been volatile, with FDI steadier than portfolio flows. The rupee has begun depreciating against the dollar after gaining strength earlier in 2012.
The document summarizes the current state of the Indian economy and key industries based on a presentation by the President of CRISIL Research. It finds that (1) domestic and global macroeconomic conditions remain weak, though recent reforms provide hope; (2) industry profit margins have stabilized after declining for several quarters; and (3) capital investments are expected to decline for the second straight year, especially among private sector companies, due to policy inaction on land acquisition, mining, and other issues according to a poll of companies.
This document summarizes strategies and opportunities for the plastics industry regarding sustainability. It discusses how plastics provide value by conserving natural resources and having desirable end product properties. It also highlights key applications of plastics in agriculture, healthcare, and packaging. The document advocates that banning plastics is not a solution and that better management of perceptions is needed, along with moving towards renewable feedstocks like ethanol. It provides examples of sustainability initiatives in India including PET bottle recycling and using recycled materials to create new products.
This document summarizes bans and challenges facing the plastics industry in India from the perspective of Arvind Mehta, Chairman of the Plastivision India Advisory Board. [1] It provides background information on India's population, economy, and the diversity of its 28 states and 7 union territories. [2] It then shows that 15, 11, 10, and finally 3 states and union territories have imposed bans or restrictions on plastics, with each jurisdiction setting its own laws. [3] It concludes that long-term solutions require addressing awareness, the visible impacts of plastic waste, myths about plastic waste management, the role of recycling technologies and consumers, and incentives for reduction and efficient waste systems.
This document summarizes threats and challenges related to chemicals in plastics for the Indian plastics industry. It notes that awareness of issues is growing slowly in India and references studies that found toxic chemicals like phthalates in children's toys and pesticide residues in bottled water sold in India. It also outlines regulations from the Bureau of Indian Standards regarding permitted chemicals and materials for plastic food packaging and containers. The document lists several toxic chemicals that can be found in various plastics and consumer products, like Bisphenol A, and notes there is limited awareness in India about associated health risks.
1 country report plastics industry in india issues and challengesAIPMA
The document discusses the plastics industry in India, including its growth prospects and challenges. It notes that plastic demand in India is expected to reach 22 million metric tons by 2022 due to strong economic growth and rising incomes. However, the industry faces threats such as potential government bans, lack of plastic waste management infrastructure, and negative public perception issues. Environmental compliance and regulations also pose challenges for the sustainable growth of the plastics sector in India.
1 country report plastics industry in india issues and challenges
2 waste management threats and opportunities
1. Threats and Challenges for the Plastics Industry : An
Indian Perspective
WASTE MANAGEMENT: THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES
A presentation by…
ARVIND M MEHTA
Chairman
Plastivision India Advisory Board. AIPMA
Executive Director
Council of International Plastics
Association Directors (CIPAD)
Past President: Plastindia Foundation
Past President: AIPMA
Miami, USA. 4-5 December 2012
Country Report: Plastics Industry in India- Issues and Challenges
2. Dry Waste
Agriculture
Recycled
Plastic
Wet
Products
Waste
Composting
Segregation
Recycling of
Plastics Waste
Dump Yard
Sale of Dry Waste Segregated Dry Waste
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
2
3. 6% Disposal site Plastic Waste in %
9% Street Dumping
6% Vegetable Market
Commercial
7% Complex
7% Low Income Group
Middle Income
10% Group
High Income
Group
14%
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012
3
4. Percentage of quantities
in the waste at Gorai (Landfill in Mumbai)
Compostable Matter
9%
33%
6%
7% Plastic
5%
7% Paper
Miscellaneous
(Sand, Silt, Debris etc.) Metal / Glass 8%
52% 2%
10%
Source: NEERI (National Environmental Engineering & Research Institute,
Nagpur, Maharashtra) Report on composition of MSW in Mumbai landfill in 2005
14%
Moreover, over 95% of plastics are collected from landfills for recycling
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 4
5. Characterisation of Total Waste
Plastics,
6.9%
Non-Plastics, 9%
4.3%
345 kg (6.6%) for Recycling
6%
Dry Waste,
11.2%
7%
10%
7%
Less than 5 % of plastics remain in the landfills
- Study in Deonar Dumping 14% in Mumbai
Area
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 5
6. Plastic Waste Management at a Glance
Per Day
Plastic Waste Generation 15342 MT
Plastic waste Generation per capita 13 gm
Plastic Waste Collection (Estimated: 60% of consumption) 9205 MT
Uncollected Plastic Waste (Estimated: 40% by weight) 6137 MT
Municipal solid waste generation as per CPCB study on MSW
50592 MT
generation in 60 major cities (2010-11)
Plastic waste generation as per CPCB study on MSW generation in
3501 MT
60 major cities (2010-11)
Source: Central Pollution Control Board ‘Material on Plastic Waste Management’ June 2012
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
6
7. Average annual volume of plastics recycled 3.6 MMT
Number of Organized Recycling Units 3500
Number of Unorganized Recycling Units >10,000
Manpower directly involved in Plastics Recycling ~6,00,000
Manpower indirectly involved in Plastics Recycling ~10,00,000
Estimated Investment in Plant & Machinery US$ 30 million
PE, PP, PVC, PET, PS, ABS,
Plastics Recycled
PMMA, PBT, SAN and Nylon
~ 40% of plastics consumed are recycled.
One of the highest recycling rates in the world
Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
7
8. • Improper waste management causes
o Soil Pollution
o Air Pollution
o Water Pollution
• MSW clogs drains, creating
o Stagnant water for insect breeding and
o Floods during rainy seasons
• Greenhouse gases are generated from the decomposition of organic wastes in
landfills
• Insect and rodent vectors are attracted to the waste and can spread diseases
such as cholera and dengue fever
• Some Health Problems linked to improper waste management are
infections, allergies, breathing problems and even cardiovascular risk
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
8
9. Flow Diagram for Recycling of Consumer Waste
Consumer Waste
Household Waste Hotel/Hospital Waste Street Waste Dump yard
Scrap Dealers Rag pickers
Scrap wholesalers
Grinding, Cleaning
Recyclers Sorting & Cleaning , Drying
Sold to processors/Product Granulation & Lump Formation
conversion to end Packaging & Grinding
Clearly delineated roles and functions in an efficient multi-stage process
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
9
10. Flow Diagram for Recycling of Industrial Waste
Industrial Waste
End Users Street Waste
Scrap Dealers Scrap Pickers
Scrap Wholesalers
Grinding,
Recycler Sorting & Cleaning Cleaning, Drying
Sold to Processors / Granulation & Lump Formation &
Product Conversion to End Packaging Grinding
Efficient value addition process governed by market dynamics
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 10
11. Plastic Waste
Landfill
Material Recovery Energy Recovery
Mechanical Feedstock Biological Heat & Power
Cement Kiln
Recycling Recycling Recycling Generation
Conversion to Monomer
Conversion to Fuel Reducing
Agent in Blast Furnace
Gasification
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
11
12. • Encouraging Re-use of plastics
• Segregation at source – awareness among citizens against littering
• Proper system for collection of segregated wastes for facilitating recycling
• Incentives / encouragement for recycling
• Upgradation of the existing mechanical recycling technology
• Encouragement for alternate methods of recycling / recovery of energy
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
12
13. Plastic Waste Source of Waste Application of Recycled Material
Soft drink and mineral water Multi-layer soft drink bottles, carpet
PET
bottles fibres, fleece jackets
Waste bins, detergent bottles, crates,
Milk crates, bottles for
agricultural pipes, Plastic lumber,
HDPE shampoo and cleaners
Plant pots, Traffic cones, Toys,
milk and cream bottles
Outdoor furniture
Clear cordial and juice bottles,
Detergent bottles, tiles, plumbing pipe
Rigid PVC plumbing pipes and
fittings.
fittings
Drinking straws, ice-cream
PP containers hinged lunch Composite bins, crates
boxes
Yoghurt containers, plastic Coat hangers, office accessories rulers,
PS
cutlery video/CD boxes
Source: Report of the Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
13
14. Milk Packaging in India
Unit
Annual Milk Production (2012
MMT 127
projection by FAO)
Milk Packaged (15% of annual
MMT 19.1
production) Milk pouches
Milk Packaged in Pouches (94% of discarded by
MMT 17.9
packaged milk) households
million collected by rag-
Daily Milk sales 3.4
litres pickers
Daily pouch requirement (potential million recycled &
6.9 converted to
in 100% packaged sale scenario) nos.
barsati films by
Source: FAO, IBEF; Ministry of Food Processing, Govt. of India; Report of the
Sub-group on Petrochemicals for the 12th Five Year Plan, 2012;
recyclers
http://www.businesscoot.com;
Milk increasingly being sold in packaged form, polymer consumption in sector
likely to rise manifold from current 0.7 MMT more recycling
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 14
16. Plastic Battery Boxes Recycled into Affordable Luggage
Plastic Battery Boxes Recycled into Affordable Luggage
Old plastic battery Plastic Dana generated Dana processed to produce
boxes recycled from discarded boxes luggage components
Aluminum channel Aluminum channel Nails being inserted
fitment mounted
Injection Moulding Machine
Casing trimmer Casing produced
Processing Dana
Recycled luggage ready Products after assembly Accessories mounted
FOR SALE and testing on the luggage boxes
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
16
17. PLASTICS ARE RECYCLABLE
PET BOTTLES are recycled to create
a wide array of utility products
PET bottle waste Recycled plastic granules
Plastic Sacks
Niwar Patti
Fiber filling for pillows Rugged floor carpets
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities Toys for children Filling for mattresses
17
18. • Co-processing in cement kilns / energy recovery
• Conversion to fuel
• Construction of asphalt road
• Conversion to basic chemical
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 18
19. Invention by Indian Scientist
Dr. Alka Zadgaonkar
Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
19
20. ACC Plant at Kymore - MP
Calorific Values (MJ / KG) : Plastics ~ 45
: Coal ~ 29
All types of plastics waste – laminated, mixed and uncleaned, can be
co-processed in cement kiln in partial replacement of coal
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities 20
21. • Plastic Waste allowed to be utilized in road construction in 5 states
o Tamil Nadu
o Karnataka
o Maharashtra
o Puducherry
o Himachal Pradesh
Prof. V S Aghase Road Dadar, Mumbai
• Plastic Waste allowed to be co-processed in cement kilns in 4 states
o Madhya Pradesh
o Tamil Nadu
o Orissa
o Andhra Pradesh
Indian plastic industry trying to expand the no. of applications for recycled material
Waste Management: Threats and Opportunities
21