This document provides information on plastic waste reuse, recycling, and disposal with an emphasis on single-use plastics. It defines plastics as petroleum products made of hydrocarbons that are non-biodegradable. It classifies plastics as thermosetting or thermoplastic and lists the most commonly used plastics. The document discusses single-use plastic products, plastic waste generation rates in India, the impacts of plastic pollution, and the government's Plastic Waste Management Rules. It provides responsibilities for local bodies, waste generators, and outlines innovative technologies for plastic waste disposal and management best practices to implement.

1. “Plastic Waste Reuse, Recycle & Disposal”
with special emphasis on
“SINGLE USE PLASTICS (SUPs)”
(08.06.2020)
Presented By:
(Dr. S.K. Nigam)
Ex-Additional Director, CPCB & ADVISOR, DPCC

2. What are Plastics?
“Plastics are Petroleum products made-up of long chain of Hydrocarbons.
They are non-biodegradable remain on Earth for several years”.
As per PWM Rules,2016 “Plastic” means material which contains as an
essential ingredient a high polymer of ethylene, polypropylene, styrene, Vinyl,
etc.

3. Classification of Plastics
(CPCB Report)
1. Thermo Plastic : Recyclable plastic
2. Thermo Setting Plastic : Non-Recyclable plastic
80% of the plastics produced are thermoplastics.
e.g. Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene and Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
are most commonly used.

4. Categories, Properties
and
Applications of Plastic

5. Code & Symbol Name Properties Applications
Polyethylene
Terephthalate
(PET or PETE)
Clarity, strength / toughness,
barrier to gas and moisture,
resistance to heat.
Plastic soft drink and water bottles,
beer bottles, mouthwash bottles,
peanut butter and salad dressing
containers, food trays etc.
High Density
Polyethylene
(HDPE)
Stiffness, strength / toughness,
resistance to chemicals and
moisture permeability to gas, ease
of processing and forming.
Milk, water, juice, cosmetic, shampoo,
dish and laundry detergent bottles;
trash and retail bags, yogurt and
margarine tubs, cereal box liners.
Polyvinyl
Chloride (V or
Vinyl or PVC)
Versatility, ease of blending,
strength / toughness, resistance to
grease/oil, resistance to chemicals,
clarity.
Toys, clear food and non-food
packaging, shampoo bottles, medical
tubing, wire and cable insulation, film
and sheet; construction products such
as pipes, fittings, siding, flooring,
carpet backing, window frames.
Low Density
Polyethylene
(LDPE)
Ease of processing, barrier to
moisture, strength / toughness,
flexibility, ease of sealing.
Dry cleaning, bread, and frozen food
bags; squeezable bottles (i.e., honey,
mustard).
Polypropylene
(PP)
Strength / toughness, resistance to
chemicals, resistance to heat,
barrier to moisture, versatility,
resistance to grease/oil.
Ketchup bottles, yogurt containers and
margarine tubs, medicine bottles.
Polystyrene (PS)
Versatility, insulation, clarity, easily
foamed (“styrofoam”).
Compact disc cases, foodservice
applications, grocery store meat trays,
egg cartons, aspirin bottles, cups,
plates, cutlery.
Others
Nylon (PA) Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) Polycarbonate (PC)
Layered or multi-material mixed
polymers
Custom products, bottles, plastic
lumber

6. Single Use Plastic (SUP) Products
 Plastic water bottles and pouches,
 Plastic spoon, forks, straws, glasses and plates,
 Plastic Carry bags,
 Wet wipes for personal and domestic use
 Fast food containers or meal/sandwich wraps, salad boxes
with hot or cold food
 Beverage bottles, bars & wine bottles, liquid refreshments,
Juices, medicine packagings, Instant beverage milk, etc.
Source: EU Directive, 2019

7. Plastic Waste Generation
 Estimated Generation : 29421 MT/D*
in India (2018)
 Collection (60%) : 17653 MT/D
 Uncollected (40%) : 11968 MT/day
 Non-recyclable : Approx. 6%
 Ban plastic carrybags/products : 22 States/UTs
 Partial Ban : 5 States/UTs
 Certified Compostable Firms : 68
(By CPCB)
Estimated PW Generation :1500* MT/D
in Delhi (2018)
*Assumption: Population of rural area 69% & Urban area 31% & plastic waste
generation in Rural area is half of the Urban area.

8. Littering of Plastic Waste and Its Impact
Plastic Pollution in River
Soil /landscape degradation
due to Plastic litter
Open Burning of Plastic
Waste
Plastic bags kill animals

9. Impacts of Plastic pollution
 Burning of plastic waste releases toxic gases cause diseases;
 Plastic Waste dumping contaminate soil & water;
 Cows die due to ingestion of plastic waste ;
 Littered plastic waste give ugly look and choke the drains;
 Plastic products contain lead, cadmium etc. pigments which are commonly
used as additives are known toxics.

10. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NOTIFIED
PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT (PWM)RULES
(18TH MARCH 2016, AS AMENDED BY DATE, 2018)
Prescribed Authority Function
The State Pollution Control Board and Pollution Control
Committee
For Manufacturing & Recycling
The concerned Secretary-in-chargeof Urban Development of the
State or a Union Territory
For Regulatory Use &PWM
The concerned Gram Panchayat shall be the authority For Regulatory Use &PWM
District Magistrateor the Deputy Commissioner Assisting above authorizations
in enforcement

11. Responsibility of Local Body and Gram
Panchayat
(Rule: 6 and 7 of PWM Rules 2016, as amended)
 Segregation of plastic waste at source;
 Channelization of recyclable plastic waste fraction to recyclers;
 Ensuring processing and disposal on non-recyclable plastic waste as per
the guidelines issued by the Central Pollution Control Board;
 Conducting awareness programmes for Plastic Waste Management
(PWM)
 The local body should set-up for plastic waste management
 The local body to frame bye-laws incorporating the provisions of these
rules.

12. Responsibility of Waste Generators
(Rule: 8 of PWM Rules 2016, as amended)
 To minimize plastic waste generation and segregation at
source;
 No spreading of the plastic waste and ensure segregated
storage of waste at source;
 Every person responsible for organizing an event in open
space, which involves service of food stuff in plastic or
multi-layered;

13. Marking or Labeling
(Rule: 11, PWM Rules, 2016)
 Name, Registration number of the manufacturer and
thickness in case of carry bags ;
 Name, Registration number of the manufacturer in case of
multi-layered packaging;
 Name, Registration number of the manufacturer in case of
carry bags made from compostable plastic.

14. Issues/Challenges of PWM
 Littering of Plastic Waste in public places, Bus Stations, Railway
Tracks, Dustbins & along roadsides of towns/cities etc.
 Burning of Plastic waste (emit toxic gases).
 Non-recyclable plastic wastes such as multilayered, metalized
pouches and other thermoset plastic poses disposal problems;
 Unscientific waste processing and disposal of plastic waste.
 Unregistered plastic waste recycling industries operating in non-
conforming areas (Residential) are posing threat to environment due
to unsound recycling practices.

15. Plastic Waste Management
Rule 5of PWM Rules as amended
Plastic waste shall be recycled as IS 14534: 2016 as amended 2018.
Plastic Waste shall be utilized in road construction, energy
recovery ( including co-processing in Cement kilns), waste to oil,
etc.

16. How to Utilize Plastic Waste &
Dispose

17. Innovative Technologies for
Disposal of Plastic Waste
1. Utilization of Plastic Waste in Road Construction
2. Co-processing of Plastic Waste in Cement Kilns
3. Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuel-oil: Refused-derived Fuel (RDF)
4. Disposal of plastic waste through Plasma Pyrolysis Technology (PPT)

18. Today’s Waste-Tomorrow’s Resource
Door to door
collection &
Segregation
Two Bin
System
Wet/Dry
Transportation
Utilisation
in different
sectors
Zero
Waste
concept

19. Flow Diagram for PWM to be implemented by Municipal Authorities

20. Alternate to Conventional Petro-based
Plastic Carry bags/films
 “Compostable Plastics” mean plastic that undergoes degradation by
biological processes during composting to yield CO2, water, inorganic
compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with other known
compostable materials, excluding conventional petro based plastics,
and does not leave visible distinguishable or toxic residue.”
 Compostable carrybags/ products could be alternate to conventional
petro based products.
 List of certified manufacturers and sellers is available on CPCB website.
(www.cpcb.nic.in)

21. Way Forward for PWM
 Organize Mass-Awareness programme for not using less than fifty micron
carry bags.
 Open burning of PW shall be strictly prohibited.
 Door to Door collection of MSW in 2 bins (dry& wet) shall enforced by
ULBs.
 Segregation of waste should be done at Ward Level in each Municipality.

22. Way Forward for PWM
 Wet Waste (Organic Waste) should be converted into organic
compost/biomethanation, vermicomposting etc.
 Restriction on manufacture & use of single use plastic products such as carry
bags, cups, plates, straw, thermocol products etc.
 Encourage alternate to plastic products like paper, compostable, clothes, jute
bags etc.

23. Thank You!