This document discusses plastic waste and its impacts. It provides background on plastics, describing their history and production levels over time. Several types and categories of plastics are identified. Sources of plastic waste include various consumer and industrial products. The impacts of plastic waste include harm to the environment, wildlife, and potentially human health. Methods for managing plastic waste include recycling, incineration, landfilling, and emerging technologies like plasma pyrolysis. Future trends in plastic waste are also addressed.

1. Plastic waste
Presented by
Edy Kurniawan
Arofah Laemoh
722-593 Current Issues in Applied Biology

2. Outline
Introduction of plastics
Type of plastics
Category of plastics
Source plastics waste materials
Effect to environmental
Management of plastics waste
Trend of future plastics waste

3. Basic information about plastics
Plastic is one of the most used and widespread materials
globally
Plastic covers a range of synthetic or semisynthetic
polymerization products
Plastic is the hydrocarbon compounds
Plastic causing environmental problems and human
health
Source: Krüger,et al., 2016
1

4. History of plastic
 Plastics started to be developed around 100 years ago
with the use of natural materials (chewing gum,
shellac)
 The development of chemically modified natural
materials (rubber, nitrocellulose, collagen)
 Parks (1862) the first example is found cellulose
nitrate name it “Parkesine”
 Baekeland (1907) have succeeded in doing synthetic
polymer (plastic) first
Source: อรสา, 2006
2

5. Plastic production
Figure 1: Annual world plastic production
Source: Krüger,et al., 2016
3

6. Plastic prduction
Figure 2: World productionof plasticsmaterials
Source: PlasticEurope,2008
4

7. Plastic demand
Figure 3: European plastic demand
Source: PlasticEurope,2007
5

8. Plastics industry structure
Source: ประไพ, 2557
6

9. Type of plastic
Thermo plastics
Polycarbonate
(PC)
Polyethylene
(PE)
Poly vinyl
chloride
(PVC)
Polypropylene
(PP)
Polystyrene
(PS)
7

10. Type of plastic
Thermosetting
plastics
Epoxide
(EP)
Phenol-
formaldehyde
(PF)
Polyurethane
(PUR)
Polytetrafluor
oethylene
(PTFE)
8

11. Category plastic
Figure 4: A variety ofplastic for different needs
Source: PlasticEurope,2008
9

12. Source plastics waste materials
Source: http://www.cleanup.org.au/rubbishreport06/sources_rubbish.html
10

13. Why people choose plastic ?
Resistance to
chemicals, water and
impact
Good safety and
hygiene properties
for food packaging
Excellent thermal
and electrical
insulation
properties Relatively
inexpensive to
produce.
Lighter weight than
competing materials,
reducing fuel
consumption during
transportation.
11

14. Impacts of plastic waste
 It is an environmental catastrophe of our own making We produce over 300
million tons of plastic every year. Nearly half of this we use just once then
throw it away 12

15. How dose plastics waste impacts oceans
 Plastic bags pose a serious danger to birds and marine animals that often
mistake them for food

13

16.  Careless disposal of plastic bags chokes drains, blocks the porosity of the soil,
and causes problems for groundwater recharge
14

17. Plastic kill plants and animals
Cattles
Plants
Birds
Corals
15

18. Impacts on human health
Plastic When burn in air
When plastic burned in air it releases a host
of poisonous chemicals into the air, including
dioxin
Dioxins are found in the environment and
they accumulate in the food chain, mainly
in the fatty tissue of animals.
16

19. Management of plastics waste
Plastic waste
management
Conventional
technology
Recycling Incineration
Landfilling
New technology
Polymer Blended
Bitumen Road
Co-processing of
Plastic waste in
Cement Kiln
Plasma Pyrolysis
Technology (PPT)
Liquid fuel
17

20. Recycling of plastics
 Selection: The recyclers/reprocessors
have to select the waste /scrap which are
suitable for recycling/ reprocessing.
 Segregation: The plastics waste shall be
segregated as per the codes mentioned in
the BiS guidelines..
 Processing: After selection and segregation of the preconsumer waste
(factory waste) shall be directly recycled. The post consumer waste (used
plastic waste) shall be washed, shredded, agglomerated, extruded and
granulated. 18

21. Landfilling
 A well-managed landfill site results in limited immediate environmental harm
beyond the impacts of collection and transport, although there are long-term
risks of contamination of soils and groundwater by some additives and
breakdown by products in plastics, which can become persistent organic
pollutants.
19

22. Incineration
 Reduces need landfill. there are
concerns that hazardous substances may
be released into the atmosphere in the
process.
 can be used with recovery of some of the
energy content in the plastic.
 The useful energy recovered can vary
considerably depending on whether it is
used for electricity generation,
combined heat and power, or as solid
refuse fuel for co-fuelling of blast
furnaces or cement kilns. 20

23. Polymer blended bitumen road
 The process of road laying using waste plastics is designed and the technique is
being implemented successfully for the construction of flexible roads at various
places
21

24. Co-processing of Plastic waste in Cement Kiln
 Co-processing of plastic waste as Alternative Fuel and Raw Material (AFR).
 Co-processing indicate substitution of primary fuel and raw material by waste.
 Waste material such as plastic waste used for co-processing are referred to as
alternative fuels and raw material (AFR).
 One of the advantage of recovery method used in existing facility is eliminating
the need to invest on other plastic waste practices and to secure land filling.
22

25. Plasma pyrolysis technology (PPT)
 Plasma pyrolysis or plasma gasification is a waste treatment technology that
gasifies matter in an oxygen-starved environment to decompose waste material
into its basic molecular structure.
23

26. 24
Conversion of plastics waste into liquid fuel

27. Reference
ประไพ นาธวัช. 2557. สถานการณ์และแนวโน้มอุตสาหกรรมพลาสติกไทย. สถาบันปิโตรเลียมแห่งประเทศ
ไทย. หน้า 43.
อรสา อ่อนจันทร์. 2549. มหัศจรรย์พลาสติก. Available online: http://www.vcharkarn.com/varticle/331
[23/02/2560]
Krüger, S., Petrat, P., Popat, E., Garg, B. and Abraham, A.K. 2016. Plastic flows in a worldwide
context. Faculty of environmental scinces, Technische universitat dgesden. pp. 32.
Plasticseurope. 2007. The Compelling Facts About Plastics. An analysis of plastics pro-duction,
demand and recovery. PlasticsEurope: Belgium.
Plasticseurope. 2008. The compelling facts about plastics. An analysis of plastics produc-tion,
demand and recovery for 2006 in Europe. PlasticsEurope: Belgium.

28. Plastic prduction
Figure 1: World plastic productiongrows
Source: PlasticEurope,2007

29. Introduction
Hydrogen
carbon
Long
chain
(polymer)
Plastics

30. Introduction
Petroleum
Non-rewenable
Natural resource
Coal
Cellulose
Non-rewenable
Natural resource
Rewenable
Natural resource
Plastic

31. Classification of plastics
http://incycleinc.com/the-inconvenient-
6,9%
12,1%
10,4%
17,5%
18,9%
7,1%
27,1%