The document outlines the nursing process as a systematic method essential for patient-centered care, covering its definition, characteristics, and steps, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. It emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and collaboration in nursing, as well as the distinction between nursing and medical diagnoses. The process was initiated by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958, and continues to guide nursing practice today.

1. ST FRANCIS COLLEGE OF NURSING
AND MIDWIFERY

2. CREDENTIALS
COURSE: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
TOPIC: NURSING PROCESS
PRESENTER: JOSEPH S PHIRI
DATE: 4 FEBRUARY 2024
AUDIENCE: 1 YEAR STUDENT NURSES

3. THE NURSING PROCESS
BY
JOSEPH S PHIRI (student nurse)

4. General Objectives
By the end of this lecture students should be able to demonstrate an
understanding of nursing process

5. Specific objectives
• Define nursing process
• Describing the stages of nursing process
• Explain the importance of nursing process

6. THE NURSING PROCESS

8. PURPOSE OF NURSING PROCESS
• The purpose of the nursing process is to create a
standard of care where the nurse develops a nursing
diagnosis and care plan based on their assessment of
the patient. Each care plan is unique and provides care
that is centered around the individual patient.

9. • The nursing process is a detailed step by step process
that details the critical thinking process for nurses.
This cyclical tool is used as the basis for the registered
nurse to apply their knowledge, clinical judgement
and actions to provide holistic, effective care to their
patients.

10. INTRODUCTION
1958, Ida Jean Orlando started the nursing process that
still guides nursing care today. Ida Jean Orlando began
developing the nursing process still evident in nursing
care today. According to Orlando’s theory, the patient’s
behavior sets the nursing process in motion. Through
the nurse’s knowledge to analyze and diagnose the
behavior to determine the patient’s needs.

11. DEFINITION
The nursing process is defined as a systematic,
rational method of planning that guides all nursing
actions in delivering holistic and patient-focused
care. The nursing process is a form of scientific
reasoning and requires the nurse’s critical thinking
to provide the best care possible to the client.

12. Characteristics of nursing process
Patient-centered
The unique approach of the nursing process requires care
respectful of and responsive to the individual patient’s
needs, preferences, and values. The nurse functions as a
patient advocate by keeping the patient’s right to practice
informed decision-making

13. Interpersonal
. The nursing process provides the basis for the
therapeutic process in which the nurse and patient
respect each other as individuals, both of them
learning and growing due to the interaction It involves
the interaction between the nurse and the patient with
a common goal.

14. Collaborative
. The nursing process functions effectively
in nursing and inter-professional teams,
promoting open communication, mutual
respect, and shared decision-making to
achieve quality patient care.
J

15. .
Dynamic and cyclical
The nursing process is a dynamic, cyclical process in
which each phase interacts with and is influenced by
the other phases

16. Requires critical thinking
. The use of the nursing process requires critical thinking which is a vital
skill required for nurses in identifying client problems and
implementing interventions to promote effective care outcomes.

17. STEPS IN NURSING PROCESS
The nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-
centered care with 5 sequential steps. These are assessment,
diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Assessment . When we talk about nursing process think of
ADPIE which represents assessment, nursing diagnosis,
planning implementation and evaluation.

19. ASSESSMENT
Assessment is the first step and involves critical
thinking skills and data collection; subjective and
objective. Subjective data involves verbal statements
from the patient or caregiver. Objective data is
measurable, tangible data such as vital signs, intake and
output, and height and weight.
Data may come from the patient directly or from
primary caregivers who may or may not be direct
relation family members. Friends can play a role in data
collection. Electronic health records may populate data
and assist in assessment.

20. The nurse getting subjective data from the

21. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
A nursing diagnosis is clinical judgment concerning a
human response to health conditions/life processes, or
a vulnerability for that response, by an individual,
family, group or community. A nursing diagnosis
provides the basis for selection of nursing interventions
to achieve outcomes for which the nurse has
accountability.

22. Nursing Diagnosis vs medical
Diagnosis
Nursing diagnosis is Based on the patient’s
immediate situation
Initiated to resolve a health problem
Improves communication among the
healthcare teams
A holistic approach to caring for patients

23. Medical diagnosisis iniated by the doctor the process
of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its
signs and symptoms. A health history, physical exam,
and tests, such as blood tests, imaging tests, and
biopsies, may be used to help make a diagnosis. is

25. The difference between nursing
and medical diagnosis

27. PLANNING
Planning stage is where goals and outcomes are
formulated that directly impact patient care based on
EDP guidelines. These patient-specific goals and the
attainment of such assist in ensuring a positive
outcome. Nursing care plans are essential in this phase
of goal setting. Care plans provide a course of direction
for personalized care tailored to an individual’s unique
needs. Overall condition and comorbid conditions play
a role in the construction of a care plan. Care plans
enhance communication, documentation,
reimbursement, and continuity of care across the

28. GOALS ON PLANNING
SHOULD BE
1.Specific
2.Measurable or Meaningful
3.Attainable or Action-Oriented
4.Realistic or Results-Oriented
5.Timely or Time-Orient

29. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
Implementation is the step that involves action or doing and
the actual carrying out of nursing interventions outlined in
the plan of care. This phase requires nursing interventions
such as applying a cardiac monitor or oxygen, direct or
indirect care, medication administration, standard treatment
protocols.

30. EVALUATION PHASE
This standard is defined as, “The nurse evaluates
progress toward attainment of goals and outcomes.”[1]
Both the patient status and the effectiveness of the
nursing care must be continuously evaluated and the
care plan modified to meet the goals

31. 1. Evaluation focuses on the effectiveness of the nursing
interventions by reviewing the expected outcomes to
determine if they were met by the time frames indicated.
During the evaluation phase, nurses use critical thinking to
analyze reassessment data and determine if a patient’s
expected outcomes have been met, partially met, or not
met by the time frames established. If outcomes are not
met or only partially met by the time frame indicated, the
care plan should be revised. Reassessment should occur
every time the nurse interacts with a patient, discusses the
care plan with others on the well being of the patient

32. REFERENCES
1: . Potter and Perry P (2005). Fundamentals of nursing. Elsevier Mosby,
St Louis, Missouri.
2:Sue C.Delaune, Patricia Ladner.Fundamentals of nursing standards
and practice
3:Anuradaha(2002).Text book of fundamentals of nursing.
4:Celestica Francis,kristika Misra.Fundamentals of nursing.Lotus
publishers
5:https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/workforce/what-is-
nursing/the-nursing-process/
5: Child Fund

35. • NGIYABONGA FOR ATTENTION