This document discusses epoxy resins, including their production and properties. Epoxy resins are reactive polymers that contain epoxide groups and can undergo crosslinking reactions through curing. They are produced from petroleum or plant-derived raw materials like epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. Epoxy resins have properties like chemical stability, reactivity, adhesion and electrical insulation that make them useful for applications like structural adhesives, coatings, and electronics. Their production involves chemical reactions between epoxide monomers and crosslinking during curing.

1. EPOXY RESINS
VARADA SUJEETH - B130345CH
VARRI SRINU - B130460CH
YEDUKRISHNAN M - B130328CH

2. EPOXIDES
• Epoxides - cyclic ether with three ring atoms
• Epoxide group -
• Addition of an oxygen atom across a C=C - Epoxidation
• Oxygen transfer agents – H2O2 , HOCl etc.

3. EPOXY RESINS
• Reactive polymers/prepolymers which contain epoxide
groups
• Can undergo crosslinking reactions (referred to as curing )
with itself or amines , acids , phenols to give co-polymers.
• Uses – structural adhesives , metal coatings , electronic and
electrical components , electrical insulators , plasticizers of
vinyl polymers.

4. RAW MATERIALS
• Raw materials are mainly petroleum derived.
• Epichlorohydrin prepared using plant derived glycerol.
• Novolac epoxy resin – phenols , formaldehyde ,
epichlorohydrin

5. CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• Epoxy monomers – can be obtained from unsaturated compounds
such as vegetable oils (natural) or butadienes (synthetic).
• Molecular structure of the polymer is usually complex

7. PROPERTIES
• Chemical stability – due to ether linkages
• High reactivity – epoxy/hydroxyl groups
• Excellent adhesion to surfaces
• Outstanding electrical properties – industrial
applications
• Ability to form co-polymers with various
applications

8. METHODS OF PRODUCTION
• Epoxy polymers are manufactured largely in a batch
processing because of low tonnage, multiple
formation marketing.
• Increase the demand of several epoxy resins has led
to the development of continuous processing, using
two or more mixing reactants in series
• Epoxy polymer process has relatively simple and
use the solvent polymerization method.

9. FLOW DIAGRAM

10. PROCESS DESCRIPTION
• Conversion of bis phenol and epichlorohydrin to an intermediate
product chlorohydrin in the presence of anionic catalyst.
• A portion of this product reacts with an sodium hydroxide to form a
solid salt suspended in a liquid mixture comprising a dehydrogenated
product and unreacted chlorohydrin intermediate.
• Alkali hydroxide is used at less than a stoichiometric amount and
removing water and epichlorohydrin as a vapor from the reacting
mixture; separating the solid salt from the liquid mixture; reacting at
least a portion of the unreacted chlorohydrin intermediate with an
sodium hydroxide in the presence of water to form an organic mixture
comprising an epoxy resin and unreacted epichlorohydrin and an
aqueous solution comprising a salt.

11. ENGINEERING PROBLEMS
• Safety precautions in handling the peroxide
compounds to avoid detonating conditions.
• Exact temperature control with provisions for rapid
dumping and water flushing for a runaway reaction.

12. THANK YOU