Determination of Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit of given soil sample.
Soil Sample - A sample weighing about 60 g was taken from the thoroughly mixed portion of material (70% Bentonite: 30% Kaolinite) passing 425-micron IS Sieve [ IS: 460 (Part 1)-1978] obtained in accordance with IS: 2720 (Part 1)-1983.
The four combinations of Bentonite-Kaolinite mixture gave following trend. In general with decrease in bentonite content and increase in kaolinite content, the Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index starts decreasing.
Method for determination of shear strength of soil (Badarpur Sand) with a maximum particle size of 4.75 mm in drained conditions using Direct Shear Test apparatus.
It is a Floating Box type test in which upper half box is floating due to application of vertical loading resulting in lateral confinement thus generating sufficient friction which holds the upper half of shear box.
In the shear box test, the specimen is not failing along its weakest plane but along a predetermined or induced failure plane i.e. horizontal plane separating the two halves of the shear box. This is the main drawback of this test.
Moreover, during loading, the state of stress cannot be evaluated. It can be evaluated only at failure condition. Also, failure is progressive.
Determination of water content-dry density relation using light compaction (Standard Proctor Test).
Soil Specimen (Compositions of Dhanauri Clay and Delhi Silt).
It is seen that as the proportion of clay is increased in the soil mix the Optimum Moisture Increases and the Maximum Dry Density Decreases.
Determination of Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit of given soil sample.
Soil Sample - A sample weighing about 60 g was taken from the thoroughly mixed portion of material (70% Bentonite: 30% Kaolinite) passing 425-micron IS Sieve [ IS: 460 (Part 1)-1978] obtained in accordance with IS: 2720 (Part 1)-1983.
The four combinations of Bentonite-Kaolinite mixture gave following trend. In general with decrease in bentonite content and increase in kaolinite content, the Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index starts decreasing.
Method for determination of shear strength of soil (Badarpur Sand) with a maximum particle size of 4.75 mm in drained conditions using Direct Shear Test apparatus.
It is a Floating Box type test in which upper half box is floating due to application of vertical loading resulting in lateral confinement thus generating sufficient friction which holds the upper half of shear box.
In the shear box test, the specimen is not failing along its weakest plane but along a predetermined or induced failure plane i.e. horizontal plane separating the two halves of the shear box. This is the main drawback of this test.
Moreover, during loading, the state of stress cannot be evaluated. It can be evaluated only at failure condition. Also, failure is progressive.
Determination of water content-dry density relation using light compaction (Standard Proctor Test).
Soil Specimen (Compositions of Dhanauri Clay and Delhi Silt).
It is seen that as the proportion of clay is increased in the soil mix the Optimum Moisture Increases and the Maximum Dry Density Decreases.
This manual consists of the Experiments based on Aggregates and Bitumens as both of these are essential materials for the road pavement structure.
The complete prepared by considering the Latest curriculum (2019-2020) of DBATU, Lonere and which will be helpful for the academicians learning in Civil Engineering.
Construction and demolition waste constitutes a major portion of total solid waste production in the world, and most of it is used in land fills. One way of profitable use of wastes is the possibility of treating and reusing as aggregates in new concrete. In this paper, construction and demolition Wastes, have been studied for effective utilization in concrete. The study objective was to determine the quality of recycled aggregate such as the crushing value, absorption, density, attainable grade of concrete, and establishing the structural properties of the fresh as well as hardened concrete. The study was achieved by doing different tests on the recycled aggregates, Specimens preparation and assessment of properties of concrete in both fresh and hardened states.
This manual consists of the Experiments based on Aggregates and Bitumens as both of these are essential materials for the road pavement structure.
The complete prepared by considering the Latest curriculum (2019-2020) of DBATU, Lonere and which will be helpful for the academicians learning in Civil Engineering.
Construction and demolition waste constitutes a major portion of total solid waste production in the world, and most of it is used in land fills. One way of profitable use of wastes is the possibility of treating and reusing as aggregates in new concrete. In this paper, construction and demolition Wastes, have been studied for effective utilization in concrete. The study objective was to determine the quality of recycled aggregate such as the crushing value, absorption, density, attainable grade of concrete, and establishing the structural properties of the fresh as well as hardened concrete. The study was achieved by doing different tests on the recycled aggregates, Specimens preparation and assessment of properties of concrete in both fresh and hardened states.
An experimental laboratory study on utilisation of e waste as a partial repla...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The Growth in the Electronics sector has been rapid and this rapid growth is due to continuous upgradation of technology and introduction of new technologies to the market. This has led to one of the fastest growing solid waste in the world, simply called as E-waste. India is the 5th highest e-waste producer in the world. The rapid increase in the construction activity in India, has resulted in huge demand for the aggregates to be used in the concrete. This has led to depletion of natural resources and adverse changes in the environment. This rapid development in the infrastructure sector has led to shortage of natural sand. This paper outlines the experimental work carried for utilisation of e-waste as a partial replacement for the fine aggregates. Strength tests and durability tests are conducted on hardened concrete. Results show that the partial use of E- waste as fine aggregates results in much higher workable and less dense concrete. This study gives an Economic, environment friendly and efficient disposal method for E-waste to be used as a partial replacement to the fine aggregates in concrete.
Keywords: E-waste, M-Sand, Fine aggregate replacement, Concrete, Durabilityetc.
An experimental study on mud concrete using soil as a fine aggrgate and ld sl...eSAT Journals
Abstract Aggregates are important ingredients of concrete. Sand is used abundantly after air and water. The extensive use of these natural resources is exploiting the environment every day. many alternative materials are being used, viz., slag sand, manufactured sand, quarry dust etc., as fine aggregates; Materials such as steel slag, blast furnace slag are being used as replacement for coarse aggregates. This paper reports the result of different mixes obtained by partial replacement of Natural coarse aggregates (NCA) and complete replacement of fine aggregates (FA) by alternative material such as LD slag and Natural soil respectively. This paper reports the result of different mixes obtained by partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates (CA) and complete replacement of fine aggregates (FA) by alternative material such as LD slag and Natural soil respectively. The wet compressive strength ranged from 16MPa to 20MPa for cubes made of Natural Sand and Natural Coarse Aggregates MIX-D. The wet compressive strength ranged from 18-26MPa for MIX-A; The value obtained for MIX-A was found to be 20% more compared to MIX-D. The split tensile strength ranged from 1.16-1.51MPa for MIX-A, it was concluded that, the mud concrete mix prepared with soil and LD slag gave the satisfactory result which was intended to achieve by normal conventional concrete mix MIX-D. The flexural strength ranged from 3.04-3.41MPa for MIX-A and 2.84-3.45MPa for M4, , it was concluded that, the mud concrete mix prepared with soil and LD slag gave the satisfactory result which was intended to achieve by normal conventional concrete mix. The mud concrete with Soil and LD slag cut down the cost of mix up to 43% when compared with normal conventional concrete of equivalent grade. Keywords: MUD Concrete, LD Slag, NCA, Alternative Materials, Wet Compressive Strength.
Experimental Investigation of Floating slab Incorporated with Pumice stone an...Prasanth Gowthama
This experimental deals with floating concrete precast slab with addition of vermiculite and pumice. Buoyancy plays major role on floating objects. In order to design a floating concrete slab Light Weight Concrete (LWC) plays a prominent role in reducing the density and to increase the thermal insulation. Light weight concrete (LWC) is formed by Natural aggregate, synthetic light weight aggregate. Vermiculite is a light weight and cheap product because of its thermal resistance has become a valuable insulating material. The density of these concrete varies from 750 Kg/m³ to 2050 Kg/m³. Pumice is a natural graded light weight coarse aggregate which has a dry density of 1200 Kg/m³ to 1450 Kg/m. The light Weight Concrete (LWC) M20 using the light weight coarse aggregate as Pumice stone as a full replacement to 100%, light weight fine aggregate as Vermiculite as a replacement of fine aggregate to 75 %. The Cement (Ordinary Portland cement) is partially replaced by Fly Ash up to 50 % and some other mineral admixture are added which are Steel Fibre and Super plasticizer (SP 430) are added. An experimental work concludes in which the compression strength of conventional mix has higher strength and weight. Due to floating condition the specimen must have less density so, specific proportion has low density while comparing to other mix. Even though the mix 4 has low strength but it has low density and it is used in precast floating slab. The slab is designed to float above the datum line and with a load carrying capacity of 1.5 kN. The mix also yields on compressive and split tensile strength of 5.07 N/mm2 and 2.17 N/mm2.
The present day world is witnessing construction of very challenging and difficult civil engineering structures.
Researchers all over the world are attempting to develop low density or lightweight concrete by using different admixtures in concrete up to certain proportions.
This study deals with the development of Floating concrete by using lightweight aggregate (Pumice stone, Vermiculite) and Aluminium powder as an air entraining agent.
Introduction on aggregate crushing value apparatusAbhishek Sagar
The principle mechanical properties required in road stones are
Satisfactory resistance to crushing under the roller during construction.
Adequate resistance to surface abrasions under traffic.
over view of coconut shell as coarse aggreagateMUKUNDA BUSI
just give a over view of coconut shell as a coarse aggregate in the concrete
and importance of the use of these seemingly products into a concrete and reduce the waste and protect enviornment
Detailed working of each equipments, formulas and calculations. Easy to understand. Very helpful for those students who face difficulty in making lab reports
soil stabilization using burnt municipal solid waste ash is done with varied test being carried out on different proportions of soil and additive which in our case is bottom ash and not fly ash
A Repot File On Exploring Civil Engineering: A Comprehensive Internship Expe...Prince Ahirwar
**Internship Experience Summary**
During my internship at the Soil Testing Laboratory, PWD (B&R) Division No. 1, Indore, I had the privilege to delve into various aspects of civil engineering and soil testing. Over the course of 117 days, I actively participated in a wide range of tasks and gained invaluable hands-on experience in the following areas:
1. **Bitumen Extraction Test:** Conducted laboratory tests to determine the percentage of bitumen content in asphaltic pavement samples using centrifuge and solvent extraction methods. This involved meticulous sample preparation, solvent extraction, and precise calculations to assess the quality of flexible pavement materials.
2. **Moisture Content Test:** Utilized oven drying method to determine the moisture content of soil samples, a crucial parameter in highway engineering for achieving optimal compaction and ensuring strength and stability of pavements. This involved careful sample handling, drying, and accurate calculation of moisture content.
3. **Dry Density Test:** Employed the sand replacement method to determine the dry density of soil samples, essential for classification and assessment of soil properties in construction projects. This involved meticulous preparation of soil samples, sand filling, compaction, and precise measurement to determine the dry density.
4. **Proctor Compaction Test:** Conducted laboratory tests to evaluate the compaction characteristics of soil samples using Proctor's compaction test, crucial for assessing soil suitability and optimizing compaction efforts in earthwork construction. This involved sample preparation, compaction, moisture adjustment, and determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content.
5. **California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test:** Conducted laboratory tests to assess the load-bearing capacity of soil samples using the CBR test method, essential for designing flexible pavements and evaluating subgrade strength. This involved meticulous sample preparation, penetration testing, and calculation of CBR values to inform pavement design decisions.
Throughout my internship, I gained practical insights into civil engineering practices and learned how to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios. I collaborated with experienced engineers and technicians, honing my technical skills and problem-solving abilities. This internship provided me with a solid foundation in soil testing techniques and reinforced my passion for civil engineering.
Experimental study on partial repalcement of fine aggregate with construction...eSAT Journals
Abstract The construction industry has gained very fast growth in recent decades due to the increase in population, increase in
industrialization and also introduction of new infrastructure projects. These resulted in the growth of construction industry
drastically, which leads to a huge demand for construction materials and also in generation of huge amount of construction
waste. The present work aims at finding the optimum concrete mixture encompassing of cement mortar and brick bat debris as a
substitute for fine aggregate. Also the basic properties of cement mortar debris and brick bat debris as fine aggregate was
studied and it is compared with the traditional fine aggregate. The effect of cement mortar debris and brickbat debris as fine
aggregate in concrete for different proportions on strength was recorded at the curing age of 7, 14 and 28 days. All the data are
tabulated andcompared. It was observed that particular proportions of cement mortar debris and brickbat debris displayed
enhancing effect onthe compressive strength.
Keywords: Construction Waste, Debris, Compressive Strength
Effect of aggregate size and silica fume on the workability of geoploymer con...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
3. Organisation Profile
Public Works Department Delhi is the premier agency of Govt. of NCT of Delhi
engaged in planning, designing, construction and maintenance of Government
assets in the field of built environment and infrastructure development. Assets
in built environment include Hospitals, Schools, Colleges, Technical Institutes,
Police Buildings, Prisons, Courts etc; assets in infrastructure development
include Roads, Bridges, Flyovers, Footpaths, Subways etc.
AIMS & OBJECTIVES: Planning, designing, construction and maintenance of
assets related to road communication and built social infrastructure for Govt. of
NCT of Delhi through a well developed system
MISSION : Plan, design & execute safe built infrastructure in a professional
manner for Govt of Delhi
VISION: Provide leadership to construction industry by becoming a synonym &
trend setter for quality, speed & economy
5. INTRODUCTION
• Building material is any material which is used
for construction purposes. Many naturally occurring
substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, even twigs
and leaves, have been used to construct buildings.
• Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made
products are in use, some more and some less synthetic.
6. Concrete Batching Plant
• In this process cement is mixed with coarse aggregate
,fine aggregate and with water.
• Concrete batch plants are devices used to mix the
various ingredients to form concrete.
• This process is conducted very carefully since
concrete must not segregate.
7. Batch plants can be categorized into 4 parts:
• Aggregate feeding
• Powder feeding
• Water
• Admixture
8. APPLICATION
• Concrete batching plants are widely used to produce various
kinds of concrete including quaking concrete and hard
concrete, suitable for large or medium scale building works,
road and bridge works and precast concrete plants, etc
9. Concrete Testing Lab
1. Test On Gradation Of Coarse Aggregate By Sieve Analysis
Method
For 20mm Aggregate
FOR 10MM AGGREGATE
2. Gradation Of Fine Aggregate
3. Silt Content And Water Absorption Of Sand
4. Aggregate Crushing Value Test ( IS : 2386 ( PART 4 – 1963)
5. Impact Value Test On Coarse Aggregates
10. Sieve Analysis
• Purpose- This define the grading of aggregate to be used, the grading highly
impact the overall strength of the concrete. Greater be the size of aggregates
greator will be the strength of concrete. But , the maximum size should be
limited otherwise it will impact other factors such as reinforcement spacing,
thickness of section, clear cover etc.
• Apparatus Required: A set of IS sieves for fineness modulus (80 mm, 40 mm,
20 mm, 16 mm, 10 mm, 4.75mm), weighing machine, quatering shovel, trough
& soft brush.
• Material Required: coarse aggregate
fig 4 : sieve arrangement for coarse aggregate
14. Gradation Of Fine Aggregate
The aggregates showing size below 4.74 mm are considered as fine
aggregates.
Purpose: The purpose is to know the character or grade of fine
aggregate it is meadim, coarse or finner. The fine aggregates from
size 4.75 mm to 150 micron. This test gives idea to make mortar or
concrete
Apparatus Required: A set of IS sieve for fineness modulus 4.75
mm,2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 600 micron, 300 micron and 150 micron,
weighing balance,
shovel, trough,
soft brush
Material Required: fine grained sand
16. Result:The fine aggregate is found within 2n grading.
Conclusion: The grading of sand is closer to 2nd grading
curve of limits defined by IS code.
17. Silt Content And Water Absorption Of Sand
Field test is generally conducted in order to determine the
volumetric percentage of silt in natural sand for percentage up to
6%, otherwise more detailed test as prescribed by standard code
are required to be conducted.
Apparatus: 250 ml measuring cylinder,tray and water cane etc
Fig 5 Silt content in Fine Aggregate
18. Observation:
1. VOLUME OF SAMPLE, V1 = 250
2. VOLUME OF SILT AFTER 3 HOURS, V2= 125
3. % SILT BY VOLUME= (V2/V1) * 100 = 7.3%
Result: The silt content is nearest to the whole number
Limits: Silt content is allow maximum 10%
19. Bitumen Testing Lab
1. Determination of Bitumen content in the Bitumen Mix
2. To determine ductility value of given bitumen sample
20. Determination of Bitumen content in the Bitumen Mix.
Apparatus & Solvent: Centrifuge apparatus, Trichloroethylene or
Benzene.
Centrifuge apparatus used for binder content
test of bituminous mix
Purpose: The test determines the bitumen content in the bituminous
mix by cold solvent extraction.
Fig 9
21. Observation Table
SNO OBSERVATION READINGS
(g)
1. Weight of mix taken before extraction ( W1) 1.619
2. Weight of filter paper before extraction (B) 0.012
3. Weight of mix after extraction (W2) 1601
4. Weight of filter paper after extraction (D) 0.013
5. Wt of filter collected from extract after
allowing for setting (W4)
0.001
6. Wt of filler collected in filter paper, D-B= W3 0.001
7. Wt of aggregate + filler collected after
extraction = W2+W3+ W4
1601
8. Percentage of Bitumen , in the mix
= ( W1- ( W2+ W3+ W4)) / W1 X 100
1.11%
22. Calculation: The percentage of binder in the bituminous mix sample as
follows:
Percentage of Binder = [W1 – (W2 + W3 + W4) /W1] x 100
Where
W1 = Weight of the sample, g
W2 = Weight of the sample after extraction, g
W3 = Weight of the fine material recovered from the extract, g
W4 = Increase in weight of filter ring, g
Observation: The Bitumen content is found to be 1.11%.
Result: The content of Bitumen in Bitumen mix is 1.11%
23. Ductility value of given bitumen sample.
Equipment & Apparatus: Briquette mould, Ductility machine with
water bath and a pulling device, knife, Thermometer.
Fig 9
24. Record: The distance at which the bitumen thread of each specimen
breaks is recorded (in cm) to report as ductility value.The average
penetration value of 3 tests of a given bitumen sample is
recorded.
Safety & Precautions :
Use hand gloves while removing containers from oven after
switching off the oven.
Carefully fill the mould avoid air pocket with right
arrangement.
25. Soil Testing Lab
1. Liquid limit Test of soil using cone penetrometer Method (IS-
2720-Part-5-1985)
2. To determine the Plastic limit of soil
3. CBR of soil either in undisturbed or Remoulded condition
26. Determination of CBR of soil either in undisturbed or Remoulded condition
Equipment & Apparatus: Compression machine,Proving ring, Dial gauge,
Timer,Sampling tube,Split mould,Vernier caliper, Balance.
Preparation Sample: The test may be performed
(a) On undisturbed soil specimen
(b) On remoulded soil specimen
27. Observation Table:
DESCRIPTION BEFORE SOAKING AFTER SOAKING
1.No of blows 55 55
2. mould no 14 14
3.wt of mould + compacted
soil, w2
17.605 kg 11.753kg
4. wt of compacted soil 6kg 9kg
5. container no 35 46
6. wt of container (w) 35.84 44.52
7. wt of cont+ wet soil, w3 99.09 155.64
8.cont wt + dry soil,w4 91.49 115.21
9.Wt of water (w3-w4) 7.6 40.43
10.wt of dry soil (w4-w) 55.65 70.69
11. moisture content 13.66 57.19
12. dry density 1.75 2.625
29. Observations:
1.Sample 1 weight for soaked condition = 6 kg
2. Mould + sample weight = 17.605 kg
3. Volume of Mould = 3015.84cc
4. Weight of mould =11.605 kg
Formula Used: Calfornia Bearing Ratio = PT / Ps X 100
Where
PT = Corrected unit (or total) test load corresponding to the chosen
penetration curve,
and PS = Unit(or total) standard load for the same depth of penetration as
for PS taken from standard code
30. Why we do testing ?
To achieve certification by complying with current guidelines and
building regulations
To ensure products are fit for purpose
To find out why products are failing in use or during manufacture
To develop new materials and new products through certification
To solve patent disputes or resolve legal disputes
To benchmark against competitors’ products.
31. Conclusion
Good expopsure to batching plant.
Readings taken are as per IS CODES
Materials used are of greater strength