The document summarizes a student project that studied using CNC waste and recycled aggregate in concrete mixes. The objectives were to create an economic concrete mix that meets quality specifications. Tests were performed replacing natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate at 30%, 50%, and 100% levels, along with additions of 1% and 2% CNC waste. Results showed compressive strength was highest with 50% replacement of natural aggregate and 2% CNC waste addition. This demonstrates the potential to significantly use waste materials like CNC and recycled aggregate in concrete production.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE USING PRE-SOAKED SL...IAEME Publication
The present experimental study deals with pre-soaked slurry two stage mixing approach
(PSTSMA) for achieving best mechanical properties. The Recycled aggregate was used in three
variant as 30%, 50% and 100% replacements of Natural aggregate in M40 grade of concrete.
Through experimental study and analysis, it is observed that using PSTSMA the replacement of
30% RCA with natural coarse aggregate does not more affect the characteristics of concrete.
PSTSMA method improve up to 6.35% the strength of recycled aggregate concrete made up of
recycled aggregate at 28 days respectively w.r.t. Normal Mixing Approach(NMA). It is observed
that concrete prepared with PSTSMA gives better properties than concrete with NMA.
Demand of Construction aggregate reach to 48.3 Billion metric tons by 2015 in Asia and Pacific.So there is a vital need for recycling of concrete in Civil Engineering field
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE USING PRE-SOAKED SL...IAEME Publication
The present experimental study deals with pre-soaked slurry two stage mixing approach
(PSTSMA) for achieving best mechanical properties. The Recycled aggregate was used in three
variant as 30%, 50% and 100% replacements of Natural aggregate in M40 grade of concrete.
Through experimental study and analysis, it is observed that using PSTSMA the replacement of
30% RCA with natural coarse aggregate does not more affect the characteristics of concrete.
PSTSMA method improve up to 6.35% the strength of recycled aggregate concrete made up of
recycled aggregate at 28 days respectively w.r.t. Normal Mixing Approach(NMA). It is observed
that concrete prepared with PSTSMA gives better properties than concrete with NMA.
Demand of Construction aggregate reach to 48.3 Billion metric tons by 2015 in Asia and Pacific.So there is a vital need for recycling of concrete in Civil Engineering field
Sustainable construction trough heat processed recycled coarse aggregateAlok Sharma
Heat process recycling of coarse aggregate has made vital possibilities in civil and construction industry, cement can not take stand temperature above 300-degree centigrade, therefore concrete disintegrated easily at high temperature
Concrete is the most versatile, durable and reliable construction material on the planet. But sustainability becomes the major concern as the conventional concrete is not eco-friendly due the large carbon footprint of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) industries. Efforts are needed to develop an eco-friendly material with minimal environmental damage. A concrete with complete replacement of OPC by pozzolanic materials like fly-ash, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) etc. having a polymeric binder is called Geopolymer concrete (GPC). In Geopolymer concrete, most of the research work has been focused on fly ash based binders. However, the RHA has the potential to be used as a source material in Geopolymer concrete as the RHA is a pozzolanic material containing about 85-90% of silicon dioxide (SiO2).This paper briefly reviews the work carried by various researchers and scientists on RHA based Geopolymer concrete.
Keywords- Rice Husk Ash, Geopolymer, Pozzolanic material, Ground granulated blast furnace slag
Eco friendly construction techniques are gaining immense importance nowadays. Many innovations have
come in pavement construction and design. The use of reclaimed aggregates in constructing pavements is
one among them. Reclaimed aggregates come mainly from two sources - construction & demolition waste
and asphalt pavements. The optimized use of reclaimed aggregates along with fresh aggregates helps
decrease construction cost without compromising strength and durability. It also minimizes the use of
virgin aggregate and helps decrease crude oil import for producing paving bitumen. Reclaimed material is
first crushed and screened before using. Tests are then conducted to analyse its properties. Only those
batches which satisfy standard conditions are used. Reclaimed aggregate pavements hence help pavement
rehabilitation with minimum energy expenditure. This paper deals with the tests on reclaimed aggregate
and their property study. The various sources and means of retrieving aggregate from reclaimed material
are also dealt with.
The following futuristic trends are highlighted:
(a) Alternative Fuels
(b) Limestone Conservation
(c) Cement and Concrete
(d) CO2 Sequestration with Microalgae
COMPARISON OF SUBGRADE SOIL STRENGTH USING LIME & COST ANALYSISSk Md Nayar
Soil stabilization can be explained as the alteration of the soil properties by chemical or physical means in order to enhance the engineering quality of the soil. The main objectives of the soil stabilization is to increase the bearing capacity of the soil, its resistance to weathering process and soil permeability. The long-term performance of any construction project depends on the soundness of the underlying soils. Unstable soils can create significant problems for pavements or structures, Therefore soil stabilization techniques are necessary to ensure the good stability of soil so that it can successfully sustain the load of the superstructure especially in case of soil which are highly active, also it saves a lot of time and millions of money when compared to the method of cutting out and replacing the unstable soil. This project report deals with the complete analysis of the improvement of soil properties and its stabilization using lime.
Sustainable construction trough heat processed recycled coarse aggregateAlok Sharma
Heat process recycling of coarse aggregate has made vital possibilities in civil and construction industry, cement can not take stand temperature above 300-degree centigrade, therefore concrete disintegrated easily at high temperature
Concrete is the most versatile, durable and reliable construction material on the planet. But sustainability becomes the major concern as the conventional concrete is not eco-friendly due the large carbon footprint of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) industries. Efforts are needed to develop an eco-friendly material with minimal environmental damage. A concrete with complete replacement of OPC by pozzolanic materials like fly-ash, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) etc. having a polymeric binder is called Geopolymer concrete (GPC). In Geopolymer concrete, most of the research work has been focused on fly ash based binders. However, the RHA has the potential to be used as a source material in Geopolymer concrete as the RHA is a pozzolanic material containing about 85-90% of silicon dioxide (SiO2).This paper briefly reviews the work carried by various researchers and scientists on RHA based Geopolymer concrete.
Keywords- Rice Husk Ash, Geopolymer, Pozzolanic material, Ground granulated blast furnace slag
Eco friendly construction techniques are gaining immense importance nowadays. Many innovations have
come in pavement construction and design. The use of reclaimed aggregates in constructing pavements is
one among them. Reclaimed aggregates come mainly from two sources - construction & demolition waste
and asphalt pavements. The optimized use of reclaimed aggregates along with fresh aggregates helps
decrease construction cost without compromising strength and durability. It also minimizes the use of
virgin aggregate and helps decrease crude oil import for producing paving bitumen. Reclaimed material is
first crushed and screened before using. Tests are then conducted to analyse its properties. Only those
batches which satisfy standard conditions are used. Reclaimed aggregate pavements hence help pavement
rehabilitation with minimum energy expenditure. This paper deals with the tests on reclaimed aggregate
and their property study. The various sources and means of retrieving aggregate from reclaimed material
are also dealt with.
The following futuristic trends are highlighted:
(a) Alternative Fuels
(b) Limestone Conservation
(c) Cement and Concrete
(d) CO2 Sequestration with Microalgae
COMPARISON OF SUBGRADE SOIL STRENGTH USING LIME & COST ANALYSISSk Md Nayar
Soil stabilization can be explained as the alteration of the soil properties by chemical or physical means in order to enhance the engineering quality of the soil. The main objectives of the soil stabilization is to increase the bearing capacity of the soil, its resistance to weathering process and soil permeability. The long-term performance of any construction project depends on the soundness of the underlying soils. Unstable soils can create significant problems for pavements or structures, Therefore soil stabilization techniques are necessary to ensure the good stability of soil so that it can successfully sustain the load of the superstructure especially in case of soil which are highly active, also it saves a lot of time and millions of money when compared to the method of cutting out and replacing the unstable soil. This project report deals with the complete analysis of the improvement of soil properties and its stabilization using lime.
Construction and demolition waste constitutes a major portion of total solid waste production in the world, and most of it is used in land fills. One way of profitable use of wastes is the possibility of treating and reusing as aggregates in new concrete. In this paper, construction and demolition Wastes, have been studied for effective utilization in concrete. The study objective was to determine the quality of recycled aggregate such as the crushing value, absorption, density, attainable grade of concrete, and establishing the structural properties of the fresh as well as hardened concrete. The study was achieved by doing different tests on the recycled aggregates, Specimens preparation and assessment of properties of concrete in both fresh and hardened states.
An experimental laboratory study on utilisation of e waste as a partial repla...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The Growth in the Electronics sector has been rapid and this rapid growth is due to continuous upgradation of technology and introduction of new technologies to the market. This has led to one of the fastest growing solid waste in the world, simply called as E-waste. India is the 5th highest e-waste producer in the world. The rapid increase in the construction activity in India, has resulted in huge demand for the aggregates to be used in the concrete. This has led to depletion of natural resources and adverse changes in the environment. This rapid development in the infrastructure sector has led to shortage of natural sand. This paper outlines the experimental work carried for utilisation of e-waste as a partial replacement for the fine aggregates. Strength tests and durability tests are conducted on hardened concrete. Results show that the partial use of E- waste as fine aggregates results in much higher workable and less dense concrete. This study gives an Economic, environment friendly and efficient disposal method for E-waste to be used as a partial replacement to the fine aggregates in concrete.
Keywords: E-waste, M-Sand, Fine aggregate replacement, Concrete, Durabilityetc.
An experimental study on mud concrete using soil as a fine aggrgate and ld sl...eSAT Journals
Abstract Aggregates are important ingredients of concrete. Sand is used abundantly after air and water. The extensive use of these natural resources is exploiting the environment every day. many alternative materials are being used, viz., slag sand, manufactured sand, quarry dust etc., as fine aggregates; Materials such as steel slag, blast furnace slag are being used as replacement for coarse aggregates. This paper reports the result of different mixes obtained by partial replacement of Natural coarse aggregates (NCA) and complete replacement of fine aggregates (FA) by alternative material such as LD slag and Natural soil respectively. This paper reports the result of different mixes obtained by partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates (CA) and complete replacement of fine aggregates (FA) by alternative material such as LD slag and Natural soil respectively. The wet compressive strength ranged from 16MPa to 20MPa for cubes made of Natural Sand and Natural Coarse Aggregates MIX-D. The wet compressive strength ranged from 18-26MPa for MIX-A; The value obtained for MIX-A was found to be 20% more compared to MIX-D. The split tensile strength ranged from 1.16-1.51MPa for MIX-A, it was concluded that, the mud concrete mix prepared with soil and LD slag gave the satisfactory result which was intended to achieve by normal conventional concrete mix MIX-D. The flexural strength ranged from 3.04-3.41MPa for MIX-A and 2.84-3.45MPa for M4, , it was concluded that, the mud concrete mix prepared with soil and LD slag gave the satisfactory result which was intended to achieve by normal conventional concrete mix. The mud concrete with Soil and LD slag cut down the cost of mix up to 43% when compared with normal conventional concrete of equivalent grade. Keywords: MUD Concrete, LD Slag, NCA, Alternative Materials, Wet Compressive Strength.
Experimental Investigation of Floating slab Incorporated with Pumice stone an...Prasanth Gowthama
This experimental deals with floating concrete precast slab with addition of vermiculite and pumice. Buoyancy plays major role on floating objects. In order to design a floating concrete slab Light Weight Concrete (LWC) plays a prominent role in reducing the density and to increase the thermal insulation. Light weight concrete (LWC) is formed by Natural aggregate, synthetic light weight aggregate. Vermiculite is a light weight and cheap product because of its thermal resistance has become a valuable insulating material. The density of these concrete varies from 750 Kg/m³ to 2050 Kg/m³. Pumice is a natural graded light weight coarse aggregate which has a dry density of 1200 Kg/m³ to 1450 Kg/m. The light Weight Concrete (LWC) M20 using the light weight coarse aggregate as Pumice stone as a full replacement to 100%, light weight fine aggregate as Vermiculite as a replacement of fine aggregate to 75 %. The Cement (Ordinary Portland cement) is partially replaced by Fly Ash up to 50 % and some other mineral admixture are added which are Steel Fibre and Super plasticizer (SP 430) are added. An experimental work concludes in which the compression strength of conventional mix has higher strength and weight. Due to floating condition the specimen must have less density so, specific proportion has low density while comparing to other mix. Even though the mix 4 has low strength but it has low density and it is used in precast floating slab. The slab is designed to float above the datum line and with a load carrying capacity of 1.5 kN. The mix also yields on compressive and split tensile strength of 5.07 N/mm2 and 2.17 N/mm2.
The present day world is witnessing construction of very challenging and difficult civil engineering structures.
Researchers all over the world are attempting to develop low density or lightweight concrete by using different admixtures in concrete up to certain proportions.
This study deals with the development of Floating concrete by using lightweight aggregate (Pumice stone, Vermiculite) and Aluminium powder as an air entraining agent.
Introduction on aggregate crushing value apparatusAbhishek Sagar
The principle mechanical properties required in road stones are
Satisfactory resistance to crushing under the roller during construction.
Adequate resistance to surface abrasions under traffic.
Mix design and mechanical properties of self compacting light weight concreteYahaya Hassan Labaran
A presentation based on a research paper review assignment
A.A. Maghsoudi1, Sh. Mohamadpour2, M. Maghsoudi, Mix design and mechanical properties of self compacting light
weight concrete:International Journal of civil Engineering, Vol 9, No 3. september 2011
The Effect of Rise Husk Ash on Strength and Permeability of ConcreteAkshay D Nicator
HA, produced after burning of Rice husks (RH) has high reactivity and pozzolanic property. Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete, IS 456- 2000, recommends use of RHA in concrete but does not specify quantities.
Cast in-situ concrete is the most frequently used material worldwide in the multi-storey residential buildings. Conventional concrete (CC) casting relies on compaction to ensure adequate strength and durability. Inadequate compaction affects the quality and durability of concrete structures.
Self compacting concrete (SCC) was first developed in Japan in 1986 as a quality assurance concept to address the issues like long production times, unhealthy work environment
1. “Application of CNC waste with Recycled Aggregate
in Concrete Mix”
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
KAVIKULGURU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
RAMTEK, NAGPUR (M.S.), PIN-441106
Guide
Shri A. N. Dabhade
(Asst. Professor)
(B.E. Civil Engineering)
Mr. Awanish Shukla
Introductory Project Review
on
By
CNC
5. What is CNC waste…????
CNC waste is waste obtained from Computer
Numeric Controlled Lathe Machines.
Annual CNC waste collection is about 1200 tonnes.
CNC
9. Concrete Dependency (2E’s & 2Q’s)
CONCRETE
Environ
ment
Economy
Quality
Quantity
In this aspect
CNC waste
is most
important….!!!
CNC
10. By this we can prepare
A Large “Quantity”
Of
“Economic” Concrete
With
Remarkable “Quality”
CNC
11. Objective
To prepare most economic concrete mix; which
fulfils each and every quality specification as
desired.
Main Objectives on which the project is based-
-Workability
-Durability
-Shrinkage Free
-Bleeding Free
-Good Proportioning
CNC
12. To understand the current situation and the status of
the collected CNC waste and recycled aggregate
and to understand the availability of these materials.
To collect CNC Lathe waste from Sunflag Steel
Enterprises Bhandara, Machine Shop of Mechanical
Department, K.I.T.S. Ramtek, and Recycled
Aggregate from Kaveri Girls Hostel & Concrete
Lab.
To study the properties of recycled aggregate, the
properties of the materials have to be examined
through various tests. The various tests have been
performed so as to check the different properties of
aggregate
13. To prepare a mix design by IS code method.
Test is to be performed on M20 cube
replacing NCA with RCA and CNC.
Replacing 30%, 50% & 100% NCA by RCA
in addition of 1% and 2% CNC.
Water cement ratio is taken as 0.50 by
concrete mix design.
Test on concrete cube specimens for
compressive strength.
14. Conclusion of Literature
Literature on CNC:-
Many researchers used variety of wastes in
their researches ranging from bicycle spokes
lathe waste, soft drink bottle caps etc.
Researchers used these wastes to carry the
experiments for the analysis of various test
15. They got variety of results in which a
tremendous increment in the compressive,
tensile and flexural strength were obtained
by addition and different composition of the
wastes.
16. Literatures on RCA:-
In various researches ,various proportions
of replacement of natural coarse aggregate
with recycled coarse aggregate was carried
out.
It was seen that the results were enhanced
when 30% and 50% replacement of natural
coarse aggregate with recycled coarse
aggregate was carried out and considerable
desired results were obtained.
17. Work carried out
Characters Experimental values As per IS : 8112-1989
Consistency of Cement 33.0% -
Specific gravity 3.15 3.15
Initial setting time 125 minutes >30 minutes
Final setting time 300 minutes <600 minutes
Test on cement
18. Property of Fine
Aggregate
Value of Fine
Aggregate
As per IS : 383-
1970
Specific gravity
test
2.27% 2.55
Bulk Density test
kg/m3
989kg/m³ 1440 kg/m³
Fineness modulus
test
2.90 _
Water absorption 1.30% 2.10%
Test on Fine aggregate
19. Property of aggregate Value of Natural
aggregate
As per IS: 383-
1970
Specific gravity(IS:2386-
1963)
2.68 2.74
Bulk Density
kg/m3(IS:2386-1963)
1482kg/m³ 1600kg/m³
Fineness modulus 6.30 _
Water absorption
(IS:2386-1963)
1.20% 0.50%
Impact value test 16.32% 30%
Crushing value test 21.30% 30%
Test on Coarse aggregate:
20. Property of aggregate Value of Recycled aggregate
Specific gravity 2.77
Bulk Density kg/m3 1370kg/m3
Fineness modulus 5.55
Water absorption 4.3%
Impact value test 26.66%
Crushing value test 25.6%
Test on Recycled aggregate
21. Procedure for MIX DESIDN
(By IS code method)
The target mean compressive ( fck ) strength at 28 days is
given by
fck= fck + tS
fck=20+1.65x4 = 26.6 MPa
Where,
fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days.
S = standard deviation.
t = a statistical value depending on expected proportion
of low results (risk factor).
23. V = absolute volume of fresh
concrete, which is equal to
gross volume (m3) minus the
volume of entrapped air,
W = Mass of water (kg) per m3
of concrete
C = Mass of cement (kg) per
m3 of concrete
Sc = Specific gravity of cement
P = Ratio of FA to total
aggregate by absolute volume
fa, Ca = Total masses of FA
and CA (kg) per m3 of concrete
respectively and
Sfa, Sca = Specific gravities of
saturated, surface dry fine
aggregate and coarse aggregate
fa= 472.29 Kg/m3
Ca= 1222.3 Kg/m3
Where,
24. Particulars Water Cement Fine
Aggregate
Coarse
Aggregate
Ratio 0.50 1 1.24 3.19
“Mix Proportions”
25. MD : Concrete Mix with Natural Coarse Aggregate
MD30: Concrete Mix at 30% replacement of NCA with RCA
MD50 : Concrete Mix at 50% of NCA with RCA
MD100: Concrete Mix at 100% replacement of NCA with RCA
WCNC: Concrete Mix without CNC Lathe waste
CNC1: Concrete Mix with 1% CNC Lathe waste (by weight of
concrete)
CNC2: Concrete Mix with 2% CNC Lathe waste (by weight of
concrete)
W/C : Water cement ratio
Abbreviations Used
27. Sr.
No.
Percentag
e of CNC
Load
(KN)
Calculation Compressi
ve
Strength
(N/mm2)
Average
Compressiv
e Strength
(N/mm2)
1 WCNC 370 (370x1000)/22500 16.44
17.56
2 CNC1 375 (375x1000)/22500 16.67
3 CNC2 440 (440x1000)/22500 19.56
Test results of 7 day compressive strength test for MD
28. Test results of 28 day compressive strength test for MD
Sr.
No.
Mix
Design
Load
(KN)
Calculation Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
Average
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
1 WCNC 370 (370x1000)/2250
0
16.44
17.56
2 CNC1 380 (380x1000)/2250
0
16.89
3 CNC2 390 (390x1000)/2250
0
17.33
29. Test results of 7 day compressive strength test for MD30
Sr.
No.
Mix
Design
Load
(KN)
Calculation Compress
ive
Strength
(N/mm2)
Average
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
1 WCNC 360 (360x1000)/22500 16.00
17.78
2 CNC1 390 (390x1000)/22500 17.33
3 CNC2 450 (450x1000)/22500 20.00
30. Test results of 28 day compressive strength test for MD30:
Sr.
No.
Mix
Design
Load
(KN)
Calculation Compre
ssive
Strength
(N/mm2)
Average
Compressiv
e Strength
(N/mm2)
1 WCNC 500 (500x1000)/22500 22.23
17.782 CNC1 540 (540x1000)/22500 24.00
3 CNC2 560 (560x1000)/22500 24.89
31. Test results of 7 day compressive strength test for MD50
Sr. No. Mix
Design
Load
(KN)
Calculation Compres
sive
Strength
(N/mm2)
Average
Compressiv
e Strength
(N/mm2)
1 WCNC 300 (300x1000)/22500 13.33
16.602 CNC1 400 (400x1000)/22500 17.78
3 CNC2 420 (420x1000)/22500 18.67
32. Test results of 28 day compressive strength test for MD50:
Sr.
No.
Mix
Design
Load
(KN)
Calculation Compress
ive
Strength
(N/mm2)
Average
Compress
ive
Strength
(N/mm2)
1 WCNC 700 (700x1000)/22500 31.11
32.75
2 CNC1 730 (730x1000)/22500 32.50
3 CNC2 780 (780x1000)/22500 34.66
33. Test results of 7 day compressive strength test for MD100:
Sr.
No.
Mix
Design
Load
(KN)
Calculation Compress
ive
Strength
(N/mm2)
Average
Compressi
ve
Strength
(N/mm2)
1 WCNC 320 (320x1000)/22500 14.10
15.19
2 CNC1 350 (350x1000)/22500 15.37
3 CNC2 360 (360x1000)/22500 16.10
34. Test results of 28 day compressive strength test for MD100
Sr. No. Mix
Design
Load
(KN)
Calculation Compressi
ve
Strength
(N/mm2)
Average
Compressiv
e Strength
(N/mm2)
1 WCNC 400 (400x1000)/22500 17.77
18.66
2 CNC1 420 (420x1000)/22500 18.67
3 CNC2 440 (440x1000)/22500 19.55
35. RESULT & DISCUSSION
In the experimental study we casted 72 cubes
with various proportions of CNC waste and
replacement of NCA to RCA.
It was found that the compressive strength which
was most suitable was obtained in 30%
replacement of NCA to RCA in addition to 2%
CNC waste.
36. 14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
WCNC CNC1 CNC2
7 Day Compresssive
Strength
28 Day Compressive
Strength
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
WCNC CNC1 CNC2
7 Day Compressive
Strength
28 Day Compressive
Strength
Compressive Strength
Results for MD30
Compressive Strength
Results for MD
37. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
WCNC CNC1 CNC2
7 Day Compressive
Strength
28 Day Compressive
Strength
0
5
10
15
20
25
WCNC CNC1 CNC2
7 Day Compressive
Strength
Series 2
Compressive Strength
Results for MD50
Compressive Strength
Results for MD100
38. DISCUSSION:
The tests on cubes were conducted.
The test done is Compressive strength shown in
the above tables with water cement ratio 0.5.
The results show that the concrete specimens
have more compressive strength when 50%
replacement is done with NCA by RCA.
39. In addition to that highest results are shown
when CNC waste is added in 2% by the
weight of concrete.
This shows a greater scope to use a large
amount of waste (CNC) with the
demolished waste i.e. Recycled aggregate.
40. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
MD MD30 MD50 MD100
7 Day Compressive Strength
28 Day compressive Strength
Comparative Study for Compressive Strength
41. FUTURE SCOPE
It acts to be an Environmental savior. Due to lack
of dumping sites in the present scenario, so there is
need to save the land, this process leads as the
savior of environment.
From the above conclusion this process can be
assumed to be the economical process as less
transportation costs require and also the
construction cost is less.
42. To produce and secure a system of sale
based packed premixed concrete batches,
in which CNC waste and recycled coarse
aggregate concrete will be present.
43. References
1. Abbas Hadi Abbas, (2011), “Management of steel solid waste
generated from lathes as fibre reinforced concrete”, European
Journal of Scientific Research, Vol-No. 50, pp 481-485.
2. Dukovski V. And Vrtanoski G. (2005), “Design of Polymer concrete
main spindle housing for CNC Lathe”, Achievements in Mechanical
and Materials Engineering, Vol-No. 4, pp 695-698.
3. Dr. Prahallada M.C. and Dr. Prakash K.B., (2011), “lathe Machine
waste used in concrete”, International Journal of civil, structural,
environmental and infrastructure engineering research and
development, pp 1-7.
4. Fong F.K. Winston, Jaime S.K. Yeung and Poon C. S. (2002), “Hong
Kong Experience of Using Recycled Aggregates From Construction
And Demolition Materials In Ready Mix Concrete”, International
Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology,
pp 267-275.
CNC
44. 5. How-Ji Chen, Tsong Yen and Kuan-Hung Chen (2003), “Use of
Building Rubbles as Recycled Aggregates”, Cement and Concrete
Research, pp 125-132.
6. Kumutha R., Vijai K. (2010), “Strength of concrete incorporating
aggregates recycled from demolition waste”, ARPN Journal of
Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol-No. 5, pp 64-71.
7. Meddah Seddik Mohammed and Bencheikh Mohamed (2009),
“Properties of concrete reinforced with different kinds of industrial
waste fibre materials”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol-No.
23, pp 3196-3205.
8. Murali G., Vardhan Vivek C.M., Prabu R., Mohammad Z., Khan
Sadaquath Ali, Mohamed Aarif T. and Suresh T. (2012), “Experimental
investigation on fibre reinforced concrete using waste material”,
International journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol-
No. 2, pp 278-283.
9. Niranjana G., Dr. Mathew Samson and Dr. Jayabalan P. (2011),
“Structural strength enhancement of rigid pavement using waste
materials and fibres”, International journal of Engineering Research
and Applications, Vol-No. 2, pp 212-219.
CNC
45. 10. Parashar Ashish Kumar and Parashar Rinku (2012), “The effect
of size of fibres on compressive strength of M20 concrete mix”,
International journal of Engineering Research and Applications,
Vol-No. 2, pp 1232-1236.
11. Prasad M.L.V. and Rathish P. Kumar (2007), “Strength Studies
On Glass Fibre Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete”, Asian
Journal Of Civil Engineering of Building And Housing, Vol-No.
8, pp 6677-690.
12. Shivaraja M., Kandasamy S. and Thirumurugan A. (2010),
“Mechanical Strength of fibrous concrete with waste rural
materials”, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Vol-No.
69, pp 308-312.
13. Yaprak Hasbi, Aruntas Huseyin Yılmaz, Demir Ilhami, Simsek
Osman and Gokhan Durmus (2011), “Effects of the fine recycled
concrete aggregates on the concrete properties”, International
Journal of the Physical Sciences, Vol-No.6, pp 2455-2461.
CNC