IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Applications and Effects of Silica Fume and Nano Silica on the Compressive St...ijtsrd
The application of nanotechnology in concrete adds new content to efforts to improve its performance. Due to the very small size of nanomaterials, the properties of concrete can be influenced by changing the microstructure. The study involved the use of 215 nm nano silica to increase the compressive strength of concrete. Experimental studies were performed at 0.4 , 0.7 and 1 of BC. These tests have greatly improved the strength of the early pressure and the overall pressure strength of the concrete. As the percentage of nano silica increases, an increase in strength is observed. Concrete is the material of present and future. Its widespread use in structures, from buildings to factories, bridges and airports, makes it one of the most searched materials in the 21st century. Due to rapid population explosion and the rise of technology to meet these needs, there is an urgent need to improve the strength and durability of concrete. Among the various materials used in concrete production, cement plays an important role due to its size and adhesive properties. Therefore, for the production of improved concrete, the cement humidification mechanism should be studied properly and better alternatives should be proposed. Current research is the design of M40 M30 quality of concrete. The mixtures developed to obtain more rheological properties and solid properties were studied. In this study, the cement is replaced by silica smoke and nano silica materials. In addition, it is planned to determine the number of predictions of cubes in the program. The current design of the probe is the strength of M40 and M30 quality of concrete. This thesis explore the standard optimization ratio for silica and fume to get the best compressive strength. Further this has to check for Indian standard uses for developing the demand of quality users in India. Finally this research lead us to create the console for evaluating the strength of concrete. Syed Basharat Andrabi | Er. Jagdeep Singh ""Applications and Effects of Silica Fume and Nano Silica on the Compressive Strength of Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25069.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25069/applications-and-effects-of-silica-fume-and-nano-silica-on-the-compressive-strength-of-concrete/syed-basharat-andrabi
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in environmental concerns has been leading to develop innovative and eco-friendly ideas to re-use the waste byproducts from
industries and domestic use. Waste plastic and waste tyres/crumb rubber considered as solid waste in India which causes
environmental pollution. These wastes will be disposed by land filling and incineration which are hazardous. Plastic is user friendly
but not eco-friendly. In this present study waste plastic and crumb rubber has been used to modify the conventional bituminous mix.
This modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed waste plastic and crumb rubber. This provides a solution towards
ecological menace posed by increased use of plastic. Incorporation of waste plastic which is mainly consists of LDPE had been done
by “dry process”; an in-situ process which can be practiced locally. In this process addition of plastic has been done by replacing
bitumen by percentage by weight in varying percentage. Marshall Method of bituminous mix design was carried out. Significant
improvement in properties like Marshall Stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength has been observed in waste plastic
bituminous mix compared to conventional mix.
Keywords: waste thermoplastic, bituminous mix, Marshall Properties, ITS, retained stability
Applications and Effects of Silica Fume and Nano Silica on the Compressive St...ijtsrd
The application of nanotechnology in concrete adds new content to efforts to improve its performance. Due to the very small size of nanomaterials, the properties of concrete can be influenced by changing the microstructure. The study involved the use of 215 nm nano silica to increase the compressive strength of concrete. Experimental studies were performed at 0.4 , 0.7 and 1 of BC. These tests have greatly improved the strength of the early pressure and the overall pressure strength of the concrete. As the percentage of nano silica increases, an increase in strength is observed. Concrete is the material of present and future. Its widespread use in structures, from buildings to factories, bridges and airports, makes it one of the most searched materials in the 21st century. Due to rapid population explosion and the rise of technology to meet these needs, there is an urgent need to improve the strength and durability of concrete. Among the various materials used in concrete production, cement plays an important role due to its size and adhesive properties. Therefore, for the production of improved concrete, the cement humidification mechanism should be studied properly and better alternatives should be proposed. Current research is the design of M40 M30 quality of concrete. The mixtures developed to obtain more rheological properties and solid properties were studied. In this study, the cement is replaced by silica smoke and nano silica materials. In addition, it is planned to determine the number of predictions of cubes in the program. The current design of the probe is the strength of M40 and M30 quality of concrete. This thesis explore the standard optimization ratio for silica and fume to get the best compressive strength. Further this has to check for Indian standard uses for developing the demand of quality users in India. Finally this research lead us to create the console for evaluating the strength of concrete. Syed Basharat Andrabi | Er. Jagdeep Singh ""Applications and Effects of Silica Fume and Nano Silica on the Compressive Strength of Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25069.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25069/applications-and-effects-of-silica-fume-and-nano-silica-on-the-compressive-strength-of-concrete/syed-basharat-andrabi
Performance evaluation of bituminous concrete incorporating crumb rubber and ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in environmental concerns has been leading to develop innovative and eco-friendly ideas to re-use the waste byproducts from
industries and domestic use. Waste plastic and waste tyres/crumb rubber considered as solid waste in India which causes
environmental pollution. These wastes will be disposed by land filling and incineration which are hazardous. Plastic is user friendly
but not eco-friendly. In this present study waste plastic and crumb rubber has been used to modify the conventional bituminous mix.
This modifier raw-material has been sourced from disposed waste plastic and crumb rubber. This provides a solution towards
ecological menace posed by increased use of plastic. Incorporation of waste plastic which is mainly consists of LDPE had been done
by “dry process”; an in-situ process which can be practiced locally. In this process addition of plastic has been done by replacing
bitumen by percentage by weight in varying percentage. Marshall Method of bituminous mix design was carried out. Significant
improvement in properties like Marshall Stability, retained stability, indirect tensile strength has been observed in waste plastic
bituminous mix compared to conventional mix.
Keywords: waste thermoplastic, bituminous mix, Marshall Properties, ITS, retained stability
Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Waste Glass PowderIJERA Editor
The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of M-30 grade of concrete to determine the compressive strength
and split tensile strength by partially replacement of cement by waste glass powder. Cement was partially
replaced by waste glass powder in 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. All the tests were performed according to
Bureau of Indian standards. The results thus obtained were compared and examined with respect to the control
specimen. The addition of waste glass powder enhances its compressive strength as well as split tensile
strength. The optimum percentage of partially replacing cement by glass powder was 10% which showed the
maximum improvement in compressive and split tensile strength.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLUME GROUND GRANUL...IAEME Publication
This paper reports the effect of high volume of GGBS on the properties of structural
concrete. In this study, GGBS is physically and chemically characterized and partially
replaced in the ratio of 10% to 90% by weight of cement. The fresh properties of GGBS
concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength, Split tensile
strength, Modulus of Elasticity are carried out. In addition to this the carbon foot prints are
also calculated and the savings per capita per year is determined for reduction of usage of
cement. The test results indicated that fresh and hardened properties of the GGBS concrete
increases as the percentage of replacement of GGBS increases up to certain extent
The need for efficient and better construction methods and materials is increasing day by day due to the rapid urbanization taking place around the globe at the same time it is our responsibility to make sure that the application of materials involved in the construction does not create adverse environmental impacts. In this research an attempt to review the optimization of the material usage of a hollow core in Reinforced concrete (RC) flexural members in the zone of tension. This shall facilitate the reduction of the dead loads which is an important factor with respect to seismic effect on structures. This paper studies the research works carried out on RC hollow beams in order to understand the flexural behaviour compared with the conventional solid beams.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Properties of concrete incorporated with ggbseSAT Journals
Abstract
Throughout the world, the most widely used construction material is concrete. It is the second most consumed substance on the earth after water. As concrete being used for construction of most of the buildings, bridges etc., it has been labelled as the backbone to the infrastructure development of nation. It is commonly made by mixing Portland cement with sand, crushed rock and water. It is very clear that among the all components, aggregate and water is largely available material in India at very low cost. As cement is comparatively high cost it would be advisable to use other locally available industrial and agricultural waste material to replace the cement partially. Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) is a non-metallic and non-hazardous waste material of Iron Industry. Therefore the minimization of this waste material without a harmful effect on nature has a vital importance.The present work focused on the utilization of GGBS in concrete which can be suitably used under the Indian conditions. For this purpose, the various tests on properties of green and hardened concrete have been performed. The properties of green concrete have been analyzed by workability of concrete in terms of slump value whereas the properties of hardened concrete have been analyzed in terms of mechanical and physical properties of concrete. The mechanical properties of hardened concrete include the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength whereas physical properties includes the dry & moist density and water absorption of hardened concrete. On the basis of present work we found that GGBS in concrete improves workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and decreases the density & water absorption characteristics of hardened concrete. As a result the cost of concrete decreases. Also GGBS leads to the significant reduction in the quantity of cement which enables the reduction in CO2 emission and reduction in energy consumption in production of cement.
Keywords: GGBS, cement, fine and coarse aggregate and concrete
Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Waste Glass PowderIJERA Editor
The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of M-30 grade of concrete to determine the compressive strength
and split tensile strength by partially replacement of cement by waste glass powder. Cement was partially
replaced by waste glass powder in 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. All the tests were performed according to
Bureau of Indian standards. The results thus obtained were compared and examined with respect to the control
specimen. The addition of waste glass powder enhances its compressive strength as well as split tensile
strength. The optimum percentage of partially replacing cement by glass powder was 10% which showed the
maximum improvement in compressive and split tensile strength.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLUME GROUND GRANUL...IAEME Publication
This paper reports the effect of high volume of GGBS on the properties of structural
concrete. In this study, GGBS is physically and chemically characterized and partially
replaced in the ratio of 10% to 90% by weight of cement. The fresh properties of GGBS
concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength, Split tensile
strength, Modulus of Elasticity are carried out. In addition to this the carbon foot prints are
also calculated and the savings per capita per year is determined for reduction of usage of
cement. The test results indicated that fresh and hardened properties of the GGBS concrete
increases as the percentage of replacement of GGBS increases up to certain extent
The need for efficient and better construction methods and materials is increasing day by day due to the rapid urbanization taking place around the globe at the same time it is our responsibility to make sure that the application of materials involved in the construction does not create adverse environmental impacts. In this research an attempt to review the optimization of the material usage of a hollow core in Reinforced concrete (RC) flexural members in the zone of tension. This shall facilitate the reduction of the dead loads which is an important factor with respect to seismic effect on structures. This paper studies the research works carried out on RC hollow beams in order to understand the flexural behaviour compared with the conventional solid beams.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Properties of concrete incorporated with ggbseSAT Journals
Abstract
Throughout the world, the most widely used construction material is concrete. It is the second most consumed substance on the earth after water. As concrete being used for construction of most of the buildings, bridges etc., it has been labelled as the backbone to the infrastructure development of nation. It is commonly made by mixing Portland cement with sand, crushed rock and water. It is very clear that among the all components, aggregate and water is largely available material in India at very low cost. As cement is comparatively high cost it would be advisable to use other locally available industrial and agricultural waste material to replace the cement partially. Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) is a non-metallic and non-hazardous waste material of Iron Industry. Therefore the minimization of this waste material without a harmful effect on nature has a vital importance.The present work focused on the utilization of GGBS in concrete which can be suitably used under the Indian conditions. For this purpose, the various tests on properties of green and hardened concrete have been performed. The properties of green concrete have been analyzed by workability of concrete in terms of slump value whereas the properties of hardened concrete have been analyzed in terms of mechanical and physical properties of concrete. The mechanical properties of hardened concrete include the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength whereas physical properties includes the dry & moist density and water absorption of hardened concrete. On the basis of present work we found that GGBS in concrete improves workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and decreases the density & water absorption characteristics of hardened concrete. As a result the cost of concrete decreases. Also GGBS leads to the significant reduction in the quantity of cement which enables the reduction in CO2 emission and reduction in energy consumption in production of cement.
Keywords: GGBS, cement, fine and coarse aggregate and concrete
APPRAISAL ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE PRODUCED WITH VARYING AGGREGATE SIZEIAEME Publication
Compressive strength is one of the important properties of concrete as it influences the durability requirements of concrete. This work presents the effects of varying size of aggregate on the strength of concrete. The coarse aggregates used for this study were 10mm, 12.5mm and 19mm uncrushed gravel with river sand as fine aggregate. Sieve analysis was carried out on the aggregates. A nominal mix of 1:2:4 was adopted for the mix and the mix proportions were calculated by weight. The concrete test cubes used were made in batches with each batch containing just one coarse aggregate size. Two test cubes each were made respectively for each batch making a total of 18 cubes and cur ed for 7, 21, and 28 days respectively.
An enhanced adaptive scoring job scheduling algorithm with replication strate...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Lab view based self tuning fuzzy logic controller for sterilizing equipments ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Congestion control based on sliding mode control and scheduling with prioriti...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Genetic programming for prediction of local scour at vertical bridge abutmenteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Comparative analysis of modification of bitumen by use of poly vinly chloride...eSAT Journals
Abstract With mass infrastructural development transportation engineering has transformed vital aspect of research due to its contribution in economical development. Bitumen being the binding material for roads appears to be a prime aspect of research; due to this various researches are being done to improve the quality of bitumen. The paper deals with study of modification of bitumen with Poly Vinyl Chloride and ethyl vinyl acetate and comparison of results obtained thereof. Keywords— polymer modified bitumen, ageing charecterstics, thermoplastics, binding materials, quality
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and TechnologyCompar...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative study of cement concrete and geopolymer masonry blockseSAT Journals
Abstract
It is well known that the production of cement is extremely resource and energy intensive process producing an equal amount of CO2
per ton of cement. Hence, due to growing environmental concerns of the cement industry, there is a need to develop alternative
materials such as fly ash, Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Also there is a need to develop masonry units using these
alternative materials for sustainability. Geopolymer technology makes use of fly ash which is a byproduct of thermal power plants. In
the present research, cement and geopolymer blocks are produced by the same method. The basic properties of these masonry units
such as compressive strength, density, modulus of elasticity, Initial rate of absorption (IRA) and water absorption are determined and
compared. The results indicate that Geopolymer blocks posses superior properties compared to traditional cement blocks.
Geopolymer blocks can be recommended for the use as masonry units for structural masonry. Thus the use of conventional cement
can be eliminated.
Keywords: Geopolymer, cement, comparative study, compressive strength, water absorption, stress strain relationship.
Comparative study of cement concrete and geopolymer masonry blockseSAT Journals
Abstract
It is well known that the production of cement is extremely resource and energy intensive process producing an equal amount of CO2
per ton of cement. Hence, due to growing environmental concerns of the cement industry, there is a need to develop alternative
materials such as fly ash, Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Also there is a need to develop masonry units using these
alternative materials for sustainability. Geopolymer technology makes use of fly ash which is a byproduct of thermal power plants. In
the present research, cement and geopolymer blocks are produced by the same method. The basic properties of these masonry units
such as compressive strength, density, modulus of elasticity, Initial rate of absorption (IRA) and water absorption are determined and
compared. The results indicate that Geopolymer blocks posses superior properties compared to traditional cement blocks.
Geopolymer blocks can be recommended for the use as masonry units for structural masonry. Thus the use of conventional cement
can be eliminated.
Study of bituminous concrete under different mix conditionseSAT Journals
Abstract The use of bitumen in road construction has increased many-fold throughout the world due to its compatibility, the ease in road construction and above all the advantage of allowing traffic immediately after construction. The most common binder used for road surfacing is bitumen obtained from petroleum However; Petroleum is nowadays becoming scarce due to depletion of its source. Even though bitumen is widely used in road construction, there are some drawbacks in bituminous mix like high susceptibility to temperature variation, tendency to crack, lesser effective service life etc. Therefore, bituminous pavements fail to give the expected service life under adverse climatic, environmental and traffic condition. In an attempt to enhance the service life of bituminous surfacing under adverse prevailing conditions, research is going on throughout the world in the area of additives in search of improved, durable and cost effective bituminous binders. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the properties of bituminous mixes that can be made by use of different grading of bitumen like VG10 VG30 VG40 and different grading of aggregate with using of code references. Keywords: Bitumen, Petroleum, Susceptibility
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE USING PRE-SOAKED SL...IAEME Publication
The present experimental study deals with pre-soaked slurry two stage mixing approach
(PSTSMA) for achieving best mechanical properties. The Recycled aggregate was used in three
variant as 30%, 50% and 100% replacements of Natural aggregate in M40 grade of concrete.
Through experimental study and analysis, it is observed that using PSTSMA the replacement of
30% RCA with natural coarse aggregate does not more affect the characteristics of concrete.
PSTSMA method improve up to 6.35% the strength of recycled aggregate concrete made up of
recycled aggregate at 28 days respectively w.r.t. Normal Mixing Approach(NMA). It is observed
that concrete prepared with PSTSMA gives better properties than concrete with NMA.
Stabilization of pavement subgrade by using fly ash reinforced with geotextileeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Effect of aggregate size and silica fume on the workability of geoploymer concrete
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 244
EFFECT OF AGGREGATE SIZE AND SILICA FUME ON THE
WORKABILITY OF GEOPLOYMER CONCRETE
Ankush Chakravorty1
, Raj Khatri2
, Tejkuvarba3
, Abhijitsinh Parmar4
1
B.E. Civil, Department of Civil Engg, S.V.B.I.T., Gujarat, India
2
B.E. Civil, Department of Civil Engg, S.V.B.I.T., Gujarat, India
3
B.E. Civil, Department of Civil Engg, S.V.B.I.T., Gujarat, India
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, S.V.B.I.T. Gujarat, India
Abstract
As per the changing times, the emission of Carbon from different aspects are on a verge of rise, as the time passes by the rate goes on
increasing, production of cement also adds up in the emission of carbon, This experimentation is a step taken to decrease the carbon
emission from concrete, By replacing Geo-polymers in concrete in place of cement by using waste materials as binders, &
implementing various curing techniques to provide strength to our units.
Keywords: Geopolymer, Fly ash, Alkaline Solution, Replacing Cement, Reduce Carbon emission in atmosphere
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Geopolymers are new materials for fire and heat-resistant
coatings and adhesives, medicinal applications, high-
temperature ceramics, new binders for fire-resistant fiber
composites, toxic and radioactive waste encapsulation and
new cements for concrete.
The properties and uses of geopolymers are being explored in
many scientific and industrial disciplines: modern inorganic
chemistry, physical chemistry, colloid chemistry, mineralogy,
geology, and in other types of engineering process
technologies.
Geopolymers are part of polymer science, chemistry and
technology that forms one of the major areas of materials
science.
Polymers are either organic material, i.e. carbon-based, or
inorganic polymer, for example silicon-based.
The organic polymers comprise the classes of natural
polymers (rubber, cellulose), synthetic organic polymers
(textile fibers, plastics, films, elastomers, etc.) and natural
biopolymers (biology, medicine, pharmacy). Raw materials
used in the synthesis of silicon-based polymers are mainly
rock-forming minerals of geological origin, hence the name:
geopolymer.
2. MATERIALS
This includes materials and their specifications the tests
performed on geopolymer concrete as per relevant standards
and details of making and testing of geopolymer concrete.
On the basis of literature review and trails experimental
program was derived. It specifies the materials (such as fly
ash), mixture proportion, parameters such as ratio of alkaline
solution to source material, methods of curing, tests to be
performed, period of testing.
The materials used for making fly ash-based geopolymer
concrete specimens are fly ash as the source material,
aggregates, alkaline solution, and water.
Table -1: Chemical Properties of Fly Ash
Chemical composition weight % Fly Ash
SiO2 53.79
Al2O3 32.97
Fe2O3 5.51
CaO 1.84
MgO 0.92
Na2O 0.37
K2O 1.76
TiO2 2.10
SO3 0.46
P2O5 0.15
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 245
Table -2: Sieve analysis of Fine Aggregate
Table -3: Sieve analysis of Coarse Aggregate
2.1 Alkaline Solution
The alkaline liquid used was a combination of sodium silicate
solution and sodium hydroxide solution. The sodium silicate
solution (Na2O= 13.7%, SiO2=29.4%, and water=55.9% by
mass) was purchased from a local supplier in bulk. The
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in flakes or pellets from with 97%-
98% purity was also purchased from a local supplier in bulk.
The NaOH solids were dissolved in water to make the
solution.
2.2 Silica Fume
Silica fume is a byproduct of producing silicon metal or
ferrosilicon alloys. One of the most beneficial uses for silica
fume is in concrete. Because of its chemical and physical
properties, it is a very reactive pozzolan. Concrete containing
silica fume can have very high strength and can be very
durable. Silica fume is available from suppliers of concrete
admixtures and, when specified, is simply added during
concrete production. Placing, finishing, and curing silica-fume
concrete require special attention on the part of the concrete
contractor.
3. MIX DESIGN
Table -3: Mix Design For One Beam
Materials Weight in kg
Fly Ash 2.51
Fine Aggregate (sand) 2.76
Coarse Aggregate (10mm) 1.86
Coarse Aggregate (20mm) 1.86
Silica Fume 0.93
Alkaline Solution
NaOH Flakes 0.21
Water 0.26
Na2siO3 1.19
Table -4: Different Proportion for Test
Sieve Retain Retain Cumulative Passing
Gm % % %
10 mm 0 0 - 10
4.75 mm 6 3 3 97
2.36 mm 38 19 21 79
1.18 mm 54 27 48 52
600 31 15.5 63.5 36.5
300 43 21.5 85 15
150 10 5 90 10
Pan 20 10 100 0
COARSE AGGREGATE 10 MM
Sieve Retain Retain Cumulative Passing
Gm % % %
12.5 16 0.8 0.8 99.2
10 212 10.6 11.4 88.6
4.75 1445 72.25 83.65 16.35
2.36 308 15.4 99.05 0.95
M30 G1 G2 G3 G4
FLY ASH 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.51
F.A 2.76 2.76 2.76 2.76
C.A. (10mm) 1.86 2.232 1.488 3.72
C.A.(20mm) 1.86 1.488 2.232 -
SILICA
FUME
0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93
NaOH 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21
WATER 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26
Na2SiO3 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19
M30 G5 G6 G7 G8
FLY ASH 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.69
F.A 2.76 2.76 2.76 2.76
C.A. (10mm) 1.86 2.232 1.488 3.72
C.A.(20mm) 1.86 1.488 2.232 -
NaOH 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21
WATER 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26
Na2SiO3 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19
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4. TEST PROCEDURE
4.1 Slump Test
To determine the workability of concrete mix by slump test
conducted by as per IS 1199-1959. The internal surface of the
mould thoroughly cleaned and freed from superfluous
moisture than mould placed on a smooth, horizontal, rigid and
nonabsorbent surface. The mould was filled in four layers,
each approximately one-quarter of the height of the mould.
Each layer was tamped with twenty-five strokes of the
rounded end of the tamping rod. The bottom layer tamped
throughout its depth. After the top layer has been rodded, the
concrete was struck off level with a trowel or the tamping rod,
so that the mould is exactly filled. The mould removed from
the concrete immediately by raising it slowly and carefully in
a vertical direction. This allows the concrete to subside and the
slump shall be measured immediately by determining the
difference between the height of the mould and that of the
highest point of the specimen being tested.
4.2 Compacting Factor Test
The concrete was placed gently in upper hopper, using the
hand scoop. The hopper was filled level with its brim and trap-
door was opened so concrete falls in to lower hopper. Than the
trap door of second hopper was opened and concrete was
allowed to fall in cylinder. The excess concrete above the top
of cylinder was removed by towel. The weight of concrete was
measured and compare that with the weight of concrete was
fully compacted in same cylinder. And the ratio of both known
as compaction factor
Table -4: Result Analysis of Tests Procedure
G1 G2 G3 G4
Slump Test 70mm 66mm 68mm 73mm
Compacting
Factor Test
0.69 0.65 0.68 0.76
G5 G6 G7 G8
Slump Test 81mm 75mm 79mm 86mm
Compacting
Factor Test
0.83 0.79 0.86 0.89
5. CONCLUSIONS
As the increasing Ratio of 10mm Dia. Aggregate/
20mm Dia. Aggregate workability Geopolymer
Concrete Increasing.
Higher the percentage of Silica fume will decrease
the workability of Concrete
RESULTS
Highest Workability we get at 100% with 10mm Aggregate
and 0% of Silica Fume.
REFERENCES
[1] Literature Survey on Geopolymer Concretes and a
Research Plan in Indian Context Rajamane N. P.1,
Nataraja M. C.2, Lakshmanan N 3, and Ambily P S4
Head, CACR, SRM University, Professor, Dept. of
Civil Engg, SJCE, Former Director, CSIR-SERC,
Scientist, CSIR-SERC
[2] CO2 Emissions from cement production Michael J.
Gibbs, Peter Soyka and David Conneely (ICF
Incorporated). It was reviewed by Dina Kruger
(USEPA).
[3] Stevenson, M., and Panian, L., “Sustainability through
Strength,” Concrete International, V. 31, No. 3, Mar.
2009, pp. 34-39.
[4] Geopolymer concrete: A concrete of next dicade
Raijiwala D.B. Patil H. S.
[5] Geopolymer chemistry & application 2nd edition (June
2008) Joseph Davidovits, Institute Geopolymer, France
[6] Geopolymer Concrete by Using Fly Ash in
Construction Prof.M.A.Bhosale, Prof.N.N.Shinde
[7] Geopolymer Concrete Sustainable Cementless
Concrete N. Lloyd and V. Rangan
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 247
BIOGRAPHIES
Ankush Chakravorty Student of SVBIT
Civil Department in final year
Raj Khatri, Student of SVBIT Civil
Department in final year
Tejkuvarba Thakor, Student of SVBIT Civil
Department in final year
Abhijitsinh Parmar working as Head, Dept
of Civil Engg, SVBIT And his
Specialization is Concrete Technology and
Repair techniques.