**Internship Experience Summary** During my internship at the Soil Testing Laboratory, PWD (B&R) Division No. 1, Indore, I had the privilege to delve into various aspects of civil engineering and soil testing. Over the course of 117 days, I actively participated in a wide range of tasks and gained invaluable hands-on experience in the following areas: 1. **Bitumen Extraction Test:** Conducted laboratory tests to determine the percentage of bitumen content in asphaltic pavement samples using centrifuge and solvent extraction methods. This involved meticulous sample preparation, solvent extraction, and precise calculations to assess the quality of flexible pavement materials. 2. **Moisture Content Test:** Utilized oven drying method to determine the moisture content of soil samples, a crucial parameter in highway engineering for achieving optimal compaction and ensuring strength and stability of pavements. This involved careful sample handling, drying, and accurate calculation of moisture content. 3. **Dry Density Test:** Employed the sand replacement method to determine the dry density of soil samples, essential for classification and assessment of soil properties in construction projects. This involved meticulous preparation of soil samples, sand filling, compaction, and precise measurement to determine the dry density. 4. **Proctor Compaction Test:** Conducted laboratory tests to evaluate the compaction characteristics of soil samples using Proctor's compaction test, crucial for assessing soil suitability and optimizing compaction efforts in earthwork construction. This involved sample preparation, compaction, moisture adjustment, and determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. 5. **California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test:** Conducted laboratory tests to assess the load-bearing capacity of soil samples using the CBR test method, essential for designing flexible pavements and evaluating subgrade strength. This involved meticulous sample preparation, penetration testing, and calculation of CBR values to inform pavement design decisions. Throughout my internship, I gained practical insights into civil engineering practices and learned how to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios. I collaborated with experienced engineers and technicians, honing my technical skills and problem-solving abilities. This internship provided me with a solid foundation in soil testing techniques and reinforced my passion for civil engineering.

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Shri GS Institute of Technology &
Science Indore Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalya (RGPV)
Bhopal (M. P.)
A Report on
“Industrial Training Review (ITR)”
Session: 2023-2024
Department of Civil Engineering & Applied Mechanics SGSITS, Indore
(452003)
SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. Rakesh Purviya
(Assistance Professor)
(CE AMD)
SUBMITTED BY:
PRINCE AHIRWAR
0801CE201067
B. Tech IVth
Yr.

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the industrial Training Report Seminar Report is an
authentic record of my own work of industrial Training Internship
Seminar during the period in partial fulfilment for the award of B. Tech
in Industrial and Production Engineering from Shri Govindram sekseria
institute of technology and science, Indore during the academic year
2023-24, I further declare that where others' wards have been included, I
have adequately cited and referenced the original sources.
PRINCE AHIRWAR
0801CE201067

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my profound gratitude to Er. SMITA BAGUL
(Assistant Engineer SDO) at SOIL TESTING LABORATORY PWD
(B&R) DIVISION, NO. 1, Indore for his generous guidance, help, useful
suggestions, and continuous encouragement.
I am extremely thankful to Rakesh Purviya, Asst. Prof (CE AMD),
SGSITS Indore, and management for support and encouragement. for his
time and efforts, he provided throughout the year. Your useful advice and
suggestions were really helpful to me during the project’s completion. In
this aspect, I am eternally grateful to you.
I am extremely thankful to Dr. S.M. NARULKAR, HOD, SGSITS, Civil
Department, Indore for their valuable suggestions and motivation.
I am also thankful to Mr. R. K. Anchaliya, Training and placement
officer, SGSITS, Indore for providing the opportunity to get the
knowledge.
I would like to acknowledge that this project was completed entirely by
me and not by someone else.
PRINCE AHIRWAR

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PREFACE
Industrial Training is meant to expose the student of engineering to the
actual industrial process about which they have been studying in detail.
They have spent engineering last two years gaining theoretical
knowledge of various manufacturing and assembly processes.
The (64+53=117 Days) training has exposed us to the actual
application of the variables studied. The training period has been very
interesting where we got to know about how EPS Panel system
different from ordinary brick work. Each field required skill full
handling and training at a given step which will help us in the long run.
Implementation of civil engineering in practical world alongside of
various of difficulties faced by engineers & learners.
Practical application of testing in road work and improving techniques.

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Certificate of Completion (CoC)

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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE NO.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 03
CERTIFIACATE 05
TABLE OF INDEX 06
OVERVIEW 07
INTRODUCTION 07
PERFORMED TEST 08
BITUMEN EXTRACTION TEST 08
MOISTURE CONTENT TEST 10
DRY DENSITY TEST 11
PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST 14
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO
TEST(CBR)
16
CONCLUSION 18
REFERENCES 18

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INTRODUCTION
ABOUT SOIL: -
WHY SOIL TESTING IS IMPORTANT BEFORE CONSTRUCTION?
It is important to check the quality of soil before you build your dream home. The ground
where you are planning to make your dream home it is important to check the soil quality
Of it before your construction work begins.
Soil testing is primarily done to test the bearing capacity. The chemical and physical
composition of the soil is checked during this process. The soil must have the ability to
withstand the weight of the building. Quality of soil not only determines the bearing
capacity but it ensures to determine the structure stabilization. Quality Of Soil depends upon
various factors such as weather, climate change and for the past years the land was deployed
for what purpose and what was there previously.
The length and depth of the pillar determined during the foundation depending upon the
quality of soil. The water level of the soil only can be determined from soil testing. Based on
the soil testing reports quality of material can be decided. For example, if due to moisture the
area is prone to corrosion, then it is important to choose only corrosion resistant TMT Bars
for the construction.
Soil test is very important Step Of construction before it begins. If the soil testing is not done
then the building will be exposed to unknown dangers and might the end result could be fatal.

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PERFORMED TEST
1) Bitumen Extraction Test
2) Moisture Content Test
3) Dry Density Test
4) Proctor Compaction Test
5) California Bearing Ratio Test (CBR)
BITUMEN EXTRACTION TEST
TEST PERFORMED IN THE LABORATORY
PURPOSE
The test is used to determine the percentage of bitumen content present in the
asphaltic pavement by cold solvent extraction.
The properties of flexible pavement such as durability, compatibility, and
resistance from defects bleeding, raveling, and aging of flexible pavement are
majorly dependent on the percentage of bitumen used with the aggregate to lay
the pavement.
CODE REFERENCE
1. IRC: SP 11 –1988 (Appendix - 5)
2. ASTM D 2172
APPARATUS & SOLVENT
 Centrifuge
 Balance of capacity 500 grams and sensitivity 0.01grams.
 Thermostatically controlled oven with capacity up to 2500 C.
 Beaker for collecting extracted material.
 Trichloroethylene OR Benzene.
PROCEDURE
1. Take exactly 500 grams of the representative sample and place it in the bowl of the
extraction apparatus (W1).
2. Add benzene to the sample until it is completely submerged.
3. Dry and weigh the filter paper and place it over the bowl of the extraction apparatus
containing the sample (B).

10. P a g e 10 | 22
4. Clamp the cover of the bowl tightly.
5. Place a beaker under the drainpipe to collect the extract.
6. Sufficient time (not more than an hour) is allowed for the solvent to disintegrate the
sample before running the centrifuge.
7. Run the centrifuge slowly and then gradually increase the speed to a maximum of
3600 rpm.
8. Maintain the same speed till the solvent ceases to flow from the drainpipe.
9. Run the centrifuge until the bitumen and benzene are drained out completely.
10. Stop the machine, remove the cover and add 200ml of benzene to the material in the
extraction bowl and the extraction is done in the same process as described above.
11. Repeat the same process not less than three times till the extraction is clear and not
darker than a light straw colour.
12. Collect the material from the bowl of the extraction machine along with the filter
paper and dry it to constant weight in the oven at a temperature of 1050
C to 1100
C
and cool to room temperature.
13. Weigh the material (W2) and the filter paper (D) separately to an accuracy of
0.01grams.
CALCULATION:
The formula to calculate the percentage of binder content is given by Percentage of Binder
𝑊 =
𝑊1−(𝑊2+𝑊3)
𝑊1
× 100
Were,
W1= Weight of mix taken before extraction.
B= Weight of filter paper before extraction.
W2= Weight of mix after extraction.
D= Weight of filter paper after extraction.
W3= (B-D) Weight of filler collected in filter paper.

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Moisture Content Test on Soil
Moisture content or water content in soil is an important parameter for building
construction. It is determined by several methods and they are
 Oven drying method
 Calcium carbide method
 Torsion balance method
 Pycnometer method
 Sand bath method
 Radiation method
 Alcohol method
Of all the above oven drying method is most common and accurate method. In this method the
soil sample is taken and weighed and put it in oven and dried at 110O
+ 5O
C. After 24 hours
soil is taken out and weighed. The difference between the two weights is noted as weight of
water or moisture content in the soil.
PURPOSE:
Determining moisture content in soil in highway engineering is crucial for achieving optimal
compaction, ensuring strength and stability, enhancing pavement performance, maintaining
effective water drainage, and addressing environmental concerns.
APPRATUS:
 Thermostatically controlled oven maintained at a temperature of 110 ± 5Oc
 Weighing balance, with an accuracy of 0.04% of the weight of the soil taken
 Air-tight container made of non-corrodible material with lid
 Tongs
SAMPLE:
The soil specimen should be representative of the soil mass. The quantity of the specimen taken
would depend upon the gradation and the maximum size of particles as under:

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PROCEDURE:
1. Clean the container, dry it and weigh it with the lid (Weight ‘W1’).
2. Take the required quantity of the wet soil specimen in the container and weigh it with
the lid (Weight ‘W2’).
3. Place the container, with its lid removed, in the oven till its weight becomes constant
(Normally for 24hrs.).
4. When the soil has dried, remove the container from the oven, using tongs.
5. Find the weight ‘W3’ of the container with the lid and the dry soil sample.
CALCULATION:
𝑤 =
𝑊2−𝑊3
𝑊3−𝑊1
× 100
Were,
w= water content.
W1= Weight of empty container.
W2= Weight of container + weight of Soil sample.
W3= Weight of container + weight of Dry soil sample.
Dry Density Test on Soil
the weight of soil particles in a given volume of sample is termed as dry density of soil. Dry
density of soil depends upon void ratio and specific gravity of soil. Based on values of dry
density soil is classified into dense, medium dense and loose categories.
Dry density of soil is calculated by core cutter method, sand replacement method and water
displacement method.
SAND REPLACEMENT METHOD:
PURPOSE:
The field density of natural soil is required for the estimation of soil bearing capacity for the
purpose of evaluation of pressures on underlying strata for computation of settlement, and
stability analysis of natural slope.
The sand replacement test method is also used to determine the in-place density of compacted
soil in order to compare it with the designated compaction degree, hence it specifies how
much the compaction of the soil is close to the designated compaction degree.

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APPARATUS:
 Sand – pouring cylinder
 Calibrating container, 100mm diameter and 150mm height
 Soil cutting and excavating tools, such as scrapper tool, bent spoon
 Plane surface: Glass or Perspex Plate or Other Plane Surface, 450mm square, 9mm
thick or larger
 Metal container to collect excavated soil
 Metal tray, 300mm square and 40mm deep with a hole of 100mm in diameter at the
center
 Weighing balance accurate to 1 gram
 Moisture content cans
 Oven
 Desiccator
MATERIALS:
Clean, uniform sand passing 1mm IS sieve and retained on 600micron IS sieve in sufficient
quantity. It is required to be free from organic substances. The sand should have been dried in
an oven and kept in suitable storage for a period of time to allow its water content to reach
equilibrium with atmospheric humidity.
CALIBRATIONS:
1. Measure the internal dimensions of the calibrating container and then calculate its
volume.
2. Fill the sand-pouring cylinder with sand, within about 10mm of its top. Determine the
weight of the filled cylinder (M1).
3. Place the sand-pouring cylinder vertically on the calibrating container. Open the
shutter to allow the sand run out from the cylinder. When there is no further
movement of the sand in the cylinder, close the shutter.
4. Lift the pouring cylinder from the calibrating container and weigh it to the nearest
gram (M2).
5. Place the sand pouring cylinder on the glass plate. Open the shutter and allow the sand
to run out of the cylinder until no further movement of the sand is noticed (sand fills
the cone of the cylinder), and then close the shutter and remove the sand pouring
cylinder carefully.
6. Take the sand on the glass plate and determine its weight (M3)
7. Repeat step 3 to step 6 two more times and record mean weight (mean M2 and M3)
8. Determine the dry density of sand, as shown in Table 1.

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PROCEDURE:
1. Expose an area of about 450mm square on the surface of the soil mass. Trim the
surface down to a level surface using a scrapper tool.
2. Place the metal tray on the levelled surface.
3. Excavate the soil though the central hole of the tray, using the hole in the tray as a
pattern. The depth of the excavated hole should be about 150mm.
4. Collect all the excavated soil in a metal container, and determine the mass of the soil
(M).
5. Remove the metal tray from the excavated hole.
6. Fill the sand pouring cylinder within 10mm of its top. Determine its mass (M1).
7. Place the cylinder directly over the excavated hole. Allow the sand to run out the
cylinder by opening the shutter. Close the shutter when the hole is completely filled
and no further movement of sand is observed.
8. Remove the cylinder from the filled hole. Determine the mass of the cylinder (M4).
9. Take a representative sample of the excavated soil. Determine its water content.
10. Determine the dry density of soil as shown in Table 2.
FORMULA:
𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
1+𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡

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Proctor's Compaction Test
Proctor's test is conducted to determine compaction characteristics of soil, Compaction Of soil
is nothing but reducing air voids in the soil by densification. The degree of Compaction is
measured in terms of dry density of soil. In Proctor's Compaction Test, given soil sample sieved
through 20mm and 4.75 mm sieves. Percentage passing 4.75mm and percentage retained on
4.75mm are mixed with certain proportions. Add water to it and leave it in air tight container
for 20hrs. Mix the soil and divide it into 6-8 parts. Position the Mold and pour one part of soil
into the Mold as 31ayers with 25 blows of ramming for each layer. Remove the base plate and
Weight the soil along with Mold. Remove the soil from Mold and take the small portion of soil
sample at different layers and conduct water content test. from the values find out the dry
density of soil and water content and draw a graph between them and note down the maximum
dry density and optimum water content of the compacted soil sample at highest point on the
curve.
THEORY:
In geotechnical engineering, soil compaction is the process in which a stress applied to a soil
causes densification as air is removed from the pores between the soil grains. It is an
instantaneous process and always takes place in partially saturated soil (three phase system).
The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal
moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum
dry density.
NEED &SCOPE:
To determine the relationship between moisture content and dry density of soil. This test
provides optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of a given soil,
which is important for man-made (compacted) earth structures. The results obtained from this
test will be helpful in increasing the bearing capacity of foundations, decreasing the undesirable
settlement of structures, controlling undesirable volume changes, reducing hydraulic
conductivity, increasing the stability of slopes and so on.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Proctor mould having a capacity of 1000 cc with an internal diameter of 100 mm and a
height of 127.3 mm. The mould shall have a detachable collar assembly and a
detachable base plate.
2. Rammer: A hand operated metal rammer having a 50.8 mm face diameter and a weight
of 2.6 kg. The rammer shall be equipped with a suitable arrangement to control the
height of drop to a free fall of 310 mm.
3. Sample extruder, mixing tools such as mixing pan, spoon, towel, and spatula.
4. A balance of 15 kg capacity, sensitive balance, straight edge, graduated cylinder,
moisture tins.

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PROCEDURE:
1. Take a representative oven-dried sample, approximately 5 kg in the given pan.
Thoroughly mix the sample with sufficient water to dampen it with approximate water
content (for cohesionless soils approx. 4-6% and for cohesive soils approx.14- 18%).
2. Weigh the proctor mould without base plate and collar. Fix the collar and base plate.
Place the soil in the Proctor mould and compact it in 3 layers giving 25 blows per layer
with the 2.6 kg rammer falling through. The blows shall be distributed uniformly over
the surface of each layer.
3. Remove the collar; trim the compacted soil even with the top of mould using a straight
edge and weigh.
4. Divide the weight of the compacted specimen by volume of the mould and record the
result as the bulk density (ρb).
5. Remove the sample from mould and slice and obtain a small sample from mid layer for
water content.
6. Thoroughly break up the remainder of the material until it will pass 4.75 mm sieve as
judged by the eye. Add water in sufficient amounts to increase the moisture content of
the soil sample by one or two percentage and repeat the above procedure for each
increment of water added. Continue this series of determination until there is either a
decrease or no change in the wet unit weight of the compacted soil.

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California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test
California Bearing Ratio test is conducted in the laboratory. This test provides the load
penetration resistance of the soil. CBR value is obtained by measuring the relationship between
force and penetration when a cylindrical plunger is made to penetrate the soil at a standard rate.
The CBR test is used for the evaluation of the subgrade strength of roads and pavements. The
CBR value obtained by this test is used with the empirical curves to determine the thickness of
pavement and its component layers. This is the most widely used method for the design Of
flexible pavement. Even though the provision of subsoil drains reduces the effect of water on
the subgrade, fully soaked CBR tests shall be considered to be appropriate for road construction
projects. The following points should be taken care of while soil testing for road construction:
Sampling and Testing: Sampling of soil for tests in laboratory or in-situ is to be carefully done
by an experienced engineer. The requirement for the various mass/volume of soil at different
points of a road project Shall be followed as per the specification and standard codes. Test
Data.
Logging: Logging of all the soil sample and test data shall be done by trained staff who has the
knowledge of soil properties and tests results. Testing Frequency: The testing frequency of soil
shall be as per input from Engineer. The decision on the testing frequency is usually taken on
the basis of results obtained from the previous tests. Aimil Digital Indicator
NEED AND SCOPE
The California bearing ratio test is penetration test meant for the evaluation of subgrade
strength of roads and pavements. The results obtained by these tests are used with the empirical
curves to determine the thickness of pavement and its component layers. This is the most
widely used method for the design of flexible pavement.
This instruction sheet covers the laboratory method for the determination of C.B.R. of
undisturbed and remoulded /compacted soil specimens, both in soaked as well as unsoaked
state.
PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION:
Equipment’s and tool required:
1. Cylindrical mould with inside Dia 150 mm and height 175 mm, provided with a
detachable extension collar 50 mm height and a detachable perforated base plate 10 mm
thick.
2. Spacer disc 148 mm in Dia and 47.7 mm in height along with handle.
3. Metal rammers. Weight 2.6 kg with a drop of 310 mm (or) weight 4.89 kg a drop 450
mm.
4. Weights. One annular metal weight and several slotted weights weighing 2.5 kg each,
147 mm in Dia, with a central hole 53 mm in diameter.

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5. Loading machine. With a capacity of at least 5000 kg and equipped with a movable
head or base that travels at a uniform rate of 1.25 mm/min. Complete with load
indicating device.
6. Metal penetration piston 50 mm Dia and minimum of 100 mm in length.
7. Two dial gauges reading to 0.01 mm.
8. Sieves. 4.75 mm and 20 mm I.S. Sieves.
9. Miscellaneous apparatus, such as a mixing bowl, straight edge, scales soaking tank or
pan, drying oven, filter paper and containers.
CBR TEST:
 It is an empirical test used to evaluate the soil subgrade
 In this test standard piston of Dia 50 mm is penetrated at the rate of 1.25 m/min in the
soil specimen (soaked in water for 4 days) placed in the mould of Dia 150 mm and its
resistance against penetration is noted.
 The penetration
PROCEDURE:
1. Sampling: Obtain undisturbed soil samples from the field using appropriate methods
such as a tube sampler or a hand auger. Ensure that the samples are representative of
the in-situ conditions and maintain their natural state during extraction.
2. Sample Preparation: Trim the soil samples to remove any irregularities and prepare
them for testing. The samples should be of sufficient size to fit the Mold used in the
test.
3. Preparation of Test Specimen: Compact the soil sample into a cylindrical Mold of
standard dimensions using a mechanical compactor or manually with a rammer. The
compaction effort should be as per the relevant IS code specifications.
4. Saturation: Soak the compacted soil specimen in water for at least 96 hours (4 days)
to ensure saturation. This step helps simulate the conditions the soil will experience in
the field.
5. Placing the Specimen in the CBR Mold: Place the saturated soil specimen in the CBR
Mold assembly. The Mold consists of a cylindrical container with a base plate and a
collar. Ensure that the specimen is centred and level within the Mold.
6. Penetration of the Soil: Place a penetration piston on top of the soil specimen and
apply a load through a loading machine or a mechanical jack at a specified rate. The
rate of penetration should be 1.25 mm/minute.
7. Recording Data: Record the penetration readings at regular intervals of applied loads.
Typically, readings are taken at every 0.25 mm of penetration.
8. Calculating CBR: Calculate the CBR value using the formula:
𝐶𝐵𝑅 =
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 2.5 𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑡 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
× 100

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CONCLUSION
We studied laboratory at training time.
As per my training report I have conclude that, during last 45 days I am familiar with the soil
material preparation and other works under a P.WD. Soil tests are us determine the bearing
capacity and soil must have the ability to withstand the weight of the building. Various things
which couldn't have been possible theoretically and practically were possible to be learnt.
Interaction with workers and laboratory engineers and it was also a great experience.
REFRENCES
 https://research.iitgn.ac.in/stl/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Standard-Proctor-
Test.pdf
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About