The document outlines several postulates about segments and their measures on a number line, including that the distance between two points can be found by taking the absolute value of the difference between their coordinates, and that if a point B is between points A and C, then the sum of the lengths of segments AB and BC will equal the length of segment AC. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these postulates, such as using the distance formula or Pythagorean theorem to find lengths of segments. Key terms like congruent segments are also defined.