pratical civeil engineer

1. PRACTICAL NO. 5

2. (SWM)

3. AIM: Submit your observation on SWM
techequnices by viewing videos.

5. SOLID WASTE MANEGMENT
TECHQUECS

9. 1) PRIVENTION

10. 2) MINIMISATION

11. and recycling. These techniques can be
practiced at several stages in most waste
generating processes, but require careful
planning, creative problem solving, changes
in attitude, sometimes capital investment, a d
genuine commitment. EPA is committed to
reducing the presence of the most persistent,
bio-accumulative, and toxic chemicals in
industrial hazardous wastes by 25 percent by
the year 2000 and 50 percent by the year
2005. It is also important that these chemicals

12. Why is Waste Minimization Important?

13. simultaneously manage both business and
environmental objectives by focusing on
waste minimization. For example, companies
have discovered that waste minimization:
Saves money through avoided disposal and
raw materials purchase costs

14.  Reduces regulatory burdens and
compliance costs

15.  Builds better community relations

16.  Minimizes short and long term liability;

17.  Creates safer working conditions for
employees;

18.  Protects human health and the
environment;

19.  Demonstrates environmental leadership;

20.  Improves competitiveness through greater
efficiencies and deceased overhead costs

21. 3) Reuse

22. organizations with limited means, while
generating jobs and business activity that
contribute to the economy. Historically,
financial motivation was one of the main
drivers of reuse. In the developing world this
driver can lead to very high levels of reuse,
however rising wages and consequent
consumer demand for the convenience
of disposable products has made the reuse of
low value items such as packaging
uneconomic in richer countries, leading to the

23. 4)RECOVERY & RECOVERY OF
SOLID WASTE

24. from which resources such as steel, copper,
or plastics can be recovered and reused.
Recycling and recovery is only one phase of
an integrated approach to solid waste
management that also includes reducing the
amount of waste produced, composting,
incinerating, and landfilling.

25. materials. Separation and collection is only
the first step; if the material is not also
processed and returned to commerce, then it
is not being recycled. In many parts of the
country, markets are not yet sufficiently
developed to handle the growing supply of
collected material. Intermediate markets for
recyclable materials include scrap dealers or
brokers, who wait for favorable market
conditions in which to sell their inventory.
Final markets are facilities where recycled

27. 5) Solid Waste Disposal and Management:

28. and organic waste. Solid waste disposal must
be managed systematically to ensure
environmental best practices. Solid waste
disposal and management is a critical aspect
of environmental hygiene and it needs to be
incorporated into environmental planning.
Solid waste disposal and management
includes planning, administrative, financial,
engineering and legal functions. It is typically
the job of the generator, subject to local,
national and even international authorities.

29. Methods of Solid Waste Disposal and
Management:

30. 4) Incineration method
5) Composting process
6) Disposal by Ploughing into the fields
7) Disposal by hog feeding
8) Salvaging procedure
9) Fermentation/biological digestion

31. 1. Solid Waste Open Burning
Solid waste open burning is not the perfect
method in the present scenario.

32. 2. Sea Dumping Process
This sea dumping process can be carried out
only in coastal cities. This is very costly
procedure and not environment friendly.

33. equipment and covered with earth, leveled,
and compacted. A deep trench of 3 to 5 m is
excavated and micro-organisms act on the
organic matter and degrade them. In this
procedure, refuse depth is generally limited to
2m. Facultative bacteria hydrolyze complex
organic matter into simpler water soluble
organics

34. combustible refuse. High operation costs and
construction are involved in this procedure.
This method would be suited in crowded
cities where sites for land filling are not
available. It can be used to reduce the volume
of solid wastes for land filling.

35. land-filling and it is popular in developing
countries. Decomposable organic matter is
separated and composted in this procedure.
Yields are stable end products and good soil
conditioners. They can be used as a base for
fertilizers.

36. Two methods have been used in this process:
a)Open Window Composting
b) Mechanical Composting

37. 6. Disposal by Sloughing into the fields
Disposal by sloughing into the fields are not
commonly used. These disposals are not
environment friendly in general.

38. Disposal by hog feeding is not general
procedure in India. Garbage disposal into
sewersincluding BOD and TSS increases by
20-30%. Refuse is ground well in grinders
and then fed into sewers.

39. 8. Salvaging procedure
Materials such as metal, paper, glass, rags,
certain types of plastic and so on can be
salvaged, recycled, and reused.

40. Biodegradable wastes are converted to
compost and recycling can be done whenever
possible. Hazardous wastes can be disposed
using suitable methods.

43. DESPOSALAND LAND FILLING OF
SOLID WASTE